研究者詳細 - 谷川　東子

論文 - 谷川　東子

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Quantification of the contrasting root systems of Pinus thunbergii in soils with different groundwater levels in a coastal forest in Japan 査読有り

Hirano Yasuhiro, Todo Chikage, Yamase Keitaro, Tanikawa Toko, Dannoura Masako, Ohashi Mizue, Doi Ryuusei, Wada Ryusei, Ikeno Hidetoshi

PLANT AND SOIL 426 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 327 - 337 2018年5月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Plant and Soil

Aims: The different root systems of Pinus thunbergii observed after the tsunami in 2011 were possibly influenced by different groundwater levels before the tsunami. The aims of this study were to quantify the tap and horizontal root structure and evaluate their relationship with the above-ground parts under different groundwater levels in a coastal P. thunbergii forest. Methods: Two plots, sea- and land-side, with different groundwater levels, in a P. thunbergii stand, were established, and the entire root-systems of three select trees each were harvested to evaluate the biomass, lengths, and cross-sectional areas of the tap and horizontal roots. Results: In the sea-side plot, which had a shallower groundwater level, plate root systems with thicker and longer horizontal roots, but fewer tap roots were observed, whereas tap root systems were well developed in the land-side plots, where the groundwater level was deeper. The root-to- shoot ratio was significantly higher in the sea-side plot than in the land-side plot. Conclusion: We confirmed that quantitative contrasting root systems of P. thunbergii develop under different groundwater levels and higher biomass allocation to horizontal roots occur under shallower groundwater depths, emphasizing the need for management practices that promote the development of tap root systems to enhance resistance to tsunamis.

DOI： 10.1007/s11104-018-3630-9

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Scopus

Sulfur accumulation rates in volcanic soils of eastern Japan over the last millennium based on tephrochronology 査読有り

Toko Tanikawa, Yohey Hashimoto, Noriko Yamaguchi, Masamichi Takahashi, Shuichiro Yoshinaga

Geoderma 315 巻頁： 111 - 119 2018年4月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Elsevier B.V.

Soils have an important role as a reservoir of essential elements for forest ecosystems. Although previous chronosequence studies have determined accumulation rates of several elements in soils, they have not focused on sulfur (S), a secondary macronutrient. We investigated S accumulation rates in five volcanic soils, dated by the use of tephras from the following volcanoes: Mt. Komagatake (tephra Ko-a, 1929 CE), Mt. Tarumae (tephra Ta-a, 1739 CE), Mt. Fuji (tephra F-Ho, 1707 CE), Towada caldera (tephra To-a, 915 CE), and Mt. Haruna (tephra Hr-FP520, 520 CE). The soils were sampled from A horizons formed above the tephra layer, and total S and pedogenic minerals (Ald, Fed, Alo, and Feo) were analyzed to determine the relationships between their estimated pools and soil age. The fractionation of S by oxidation state was determined by S K-edge XANES analysis in constituents of soils from Mt. Komagatake and Mt. Haruna. Our results showed that the S accumulation rate was almost constant over the last millennium. To extend our analysis to longer soil formation times, we extrapolated the S accumulation–age relationship to 10 cal. ka and compared the resulting values with previously reported S data from horizons that likely developed during that time period in soils from Mt. Nantai dated by tephra Nt-S (14–15 cal. ka). The similarity of the extrapolated values to the Nantai soil values suggests that the S accumulation rate may have been constant since 10 cal. ka. In addition, the growth of the S pool with soil age was linearly proportional to the growth of pedogenic mineral pools. Sulfur isotope composition of soil total S depended not on soil age, but rather on the soil origin as indicated by location. The predominant oxidation state of the S fraction changed from reduced to oxidized with soil age during the Holocene. These results suggest that the constant S accumulation rate may reflect the variable influence of exogenous S sources as well as the association of S compounds with pedogenic minerals. Sulfur compounds may accumulate at a constant rate in Japanese volcanic soils as the result of biological transformation followed by retention of S in association with the pedogenic minerals.

DOI： 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.11.023

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J-GLOBAL

Relationships between specific root length and respiration rate of fine roots across stands and seasons in Chamaecyparis obtusa 査読有り

Miyatani Kouhei, Tanikawa Toko, Makita Naoki, Hirano Yasuhiro

PLANT AND SOIL 423 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 215 - 227 2018年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Plant and Soil

Aims: Fine root respiration (Rr) is closely linked with fine root morphology, especially with specific root length (SRL), in short-term measurements in some tree species. However, whether these relationships are also valid across different stands and seasons is not yet known. This study aimed to investigate these relationships in the fine roots of Chamaecyparis obtusa. Methods: The Rr, mean root diameter, and SRL of fine root segments of two C. obtusa stands were determined every three months over two years. Results: We detected significant positive correlations between Rr and SRL of fine root segments across the stands over two years. The relationship of Rr with SRL was stronger than that with the mean diameter of fine roots. The slopes and intercepts for the Rr and SRL relationships did not differ among stands and measurement times. Further, we proposed a simple approach for estimating CO2 flux from fine roots at the stand level based on SRL and confirmed that the ranges of estimated CO2 values were comparable with those of values reported using the conventional approach. Conclusions: The fine root morphology typified by SRL is a key variable in Rr of fine roots and CO2 flux at the stand level.

DOI： 10.1007/s11104-017-3499-z

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Calcium is cycled tightly in Cryptomeria japonica stands on soils with low acid buffering capacity 査読有り

Tanikawa Toko, Ito Yoshiaki, Fukushima Sei, Yamashita Michiru, Sugiyama Akifumi, Mizoguchi Takeo, Okamoto Toru, Hirano Yasuhiro

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT 399 巻頁： 64 - 73 2017年9月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Forest Ecology and Management

Calcium (Ca) is a key cation in the soil acidification process and in the fertility of forest soils. We investigated total concentrations of Ca, magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) in both soil and fresh leaf litter in eight plantation stands of Cryptomeria japonica divided into two groups of highly contrasting soil acid buffering capacity (ABC). In addition to conventional methods, we used a double-crystal high resolution X-ray fluorescence (HRXRF) spectrometer to determine Ca fractions in soils with low and high ABC. Total Ca had accumulated in the 0–10 cm depth horizons of the high-ABC soils, but not in the low-ABC soils. The exchangeable Ca concentration was correlated with total Ca concentration in the 0–10 cm depth of the low-ABC soils. Calcium-Kα1,2 emission spectra of the 0–10 cm soils obtained by HRXRF spectrometry separated the total Ca into two fractions, suggesting that the predominant Ca constituents had either passed through biological processes or were derived from weathering hydration in both the high- and low-ABC soils. Calcium concentration in the fresh leaf litter was significantly lower in the stands with low-ABC soil than in those with high-ABC soil and was positively correlated with soil exchangeable Ca concentration in the low-ABC stands; no such correlation was observed in the high-ABC stands. Exchangeable Ca pools in the 0–10 cm depth range were equal to or less than the annual input of Ca via leaf litterfall in the low-ABC stands, but were seven times the annual input in the high-ABC soils. These results suggested that the accumulation of Ca in the upper soil occurs via the process of Ca circulation within C. japonica ecosystems, and that sufficient supply of Ca for tree needs was accompanied by the large accumulation of available Ca by C. japonica in the high-ABC soils. Nevertheless, it is likely that only small amounts of Ca were circulated in the stands on low-ABC soil. The lack of Ca accumulation in the surface soil and the accompanying tight circulation of Ca in the plant–soil system may explain the observed positive feedback in which ABC is gradually reduced in low-ABC soils.

DOI： 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.04.022

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Intraspecific variation in morphological traits of root branch orders in Chamaecyparis obtusa 査読有り

Doi Ryuusei, Tanikawa Toko, Miyatani Kouhei, Hirano Yasuhiro

PLANT AND SOIL 416 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 503 - 513 2017年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Plant and Soil

Aims: We aimed to clarify the intraspecific variation in the morphological traits of branch orders under different soil conditions in Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. Methods: We investigated the morphological traits of branch orders, based on 16,351 individual roots that were dissected from 12 intact fine root systems, up to a diameter of 2 mm at three C. obtusa stands. We also measured the concentrations of soil carbon, nitrogen, and inorganic nitrogen. Results: The intact fine root systems up to the diameter of 2 mm had branched into between five and seven orders. The diameter of first- to fourth-order roots and the lengths of second- and third-order roots were significantly different among the three stands. The morphological traits of lower order (first to third) roots correlated with soil inorganic nitrogen concentrations, but higher order (fourth to sixth) roots correlated with soil carbon concentrations. Conclusions: We clarified the possible ranges of intraspecific variation in the morphological traits of root branch orders within C. obtusa. Both the lower and higher orders of the intact fine root systems were tightly related to the surrounding soil conditions.

DOI： 10.1007/s11104-017-3230-0

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Calculation procedures to estimate fine root production rates in forests using two-dimensional fine root data obtained by the net sheet method. 査読有り

Noguchi K, Tanikawa T, Inagaki Y, Ishizuka S

Tree physiology 37 巻 ( 6 ) 頁： 697 - 705 2017年6月

Biomass and morphology of fine roots in eight Cryptomeria japonica stands in soils with different acid-buffering capacities 査読有り

Hirano Yasuhiro, Tanikawa Toko, Makita Naoki

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT 384 巻頁： 122 - 131 2017年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Forest Ecology and Management

Cryptomeria japonica, which is one of the main silvicultural species in Japan, accumulates calcium (Ca) in soils with high acid buffering capacity (ABC) but has depleted Ca in soils with low-ABC over the past two decades. However, the contribution of fine roots in C. japonica to the accumulation or depletion of Ca in soils with different ABCs has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to clarify the responses of C. japonica fine roots in terms of biomass and morphology in eight plantation stands to soils with two contrasting ABCs, which have different trends of soil acidification. We evaluated the biomass and specific root length (SRL) of fine roots divided into three diameter classes (<0.5, 0.5–1.0, and 1.0–2.0 mm), obtained from the organic layer and two mineral soil layers from 0 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm depths, in soils with high- and low-ABCs. We also investigated root traits of seedlings grown in soil monoliths in-situ in a greenhouse condition to compare the response of mature trees in stands. The biomass of fine roots (<2.0 mm) in mature C. japonica was significantly higher and the SRL was significantly lower in low-ABC soils than in high-ABC soils. In the organic layer, the biomass of very fine roots (<0.5 mm) at the organic soil layer in low ABC soils was higher than that in high ABC soils. However, the SRL and the dry weight of the seedlings in the greenhouse condition showed no differences between the soils with two contrasting ABCs. We concluded that fine roots of C. japonica stands could have changed and contributed differently to soils with contrasting ABCs. The conflicting root responses of mature trees in stand and seedlings under controlled conditions suggest that careful caution should be taken to extrapolate in-situ mature trees from the results of seedlings, particularly when evaluating the effects of soil degradation such as soil acidifications on sustainable C. japonica plantation forests.

DOI： 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.043

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Scopus

Ungulates decelerate litter decomposition by altering litter quality above and below ground. 査読有り

Kasahara, M., Fujii, S., Tanikawa, T., & Mori, A. S.

European Journal of Forest Research 135 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 849 - 856 2016年7月

Leaf litter thickness, but not plant species, can affect root detection by ground penetrating radar. 査読有り

Tanikawa, T., Ikeno, H., Dannoura, M., Yamase, K., Aono, K., & Hirano, Y.

Plant and Soil 408 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 271 - 283 2016年5月

Fine root traits in Chamaecyparis obtusa forest soils with different acid buffering capacities. 査読有り

Miyatani, K., Mizusawa, Y., Okada, K., Tanikawa, T., Makita, N., & Hirano, Y.

Trees 30 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 415 - 429 2015年10月

Intraspecific variation in fine root respiration and morphology in response to in situ soil nitrogen fertility in a 100-year-old Chamaecyparis obtusa forest. 査読有り

Makita, N., Hirano, Y., Sugimoto, T., Tanikawa, T., & Ishii, H.

Oecologia 179 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 959 - 967 2015年8月

Calibrating the impact of root orientation on root quantification using ground-penetrating radar. 査読有り国際共著

Guo, L., Wu, Y., Chen, J., Hirano, Y., Tanikawa, T., Li, W., & Cui, X.

Plant and Soil 395 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 289 - 305 2015年6月

同心円状レーダ探索による海岸に生育するクロマツ個体の水平根の広がりの検出査読有り

大橋瑞江，柿添哲也，池野英利，山瀬敬太郎，谷川東子，檀浦正子，青野健治，藤堂千景，平野恭弘

日本緑化工学会誌 41 巻頁： 385 - 390 2015年

間伐がスギの最大引き倒し抵抗モーメントにもたらす影響査読有り

日本緑化工学会誌 41 巻頁： 308 - 314 2015年

異なる土壌環境下における根系構造と引き抜き抵抗力との関係査読有り

山瀬敬太郎，谷川東子，池野英利，藤堂千景，大橋瑞江，檀浦正子，平野恭弘

日本緑化工学会誌 41 巻頁： 301 - 307 2015年

減災の観点から樹木根系を非破壊的に推定する地中レーダ法の現状と課題査読有り

平野恭弘，山瀬敬太郎，谷川東子，檀浦正子，大橋瑞江，藤堂千景，池野英利

日本緑化工学会誌 41 巻頁： 319 - 325 2015年

Sulfur accumulation in Melanudands during development by upbuilding pedogenesis since 14–15cal. ka. 査読有り

Tanikawa T, Hashimoto Y, Yamaguchi N, Ito Y, Fukushima S, Kanda K, Uemura M, Hasegawa T, Takahashi M, Yoshinaga S

Geoderma 232 巻頁： 609 - 618 2014年11月

Sequential transformation rates of soil organic sulfur fractions in two-step mineralization process. 査読有り

Tanikawa T, Noguchi K, Nakanishi K, Shigenaga H, Nagakura J, Sakai H, Akama A, Takahashi M

Biology and fertility of soils 50 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 225 - 237 2014年

Reply to:“Comment on root orientation can affect detection accuracy of ground-penetrating radar” 査読有り

Tanikawa, T., Dannoura, M., Yamase, K., Ikeno, H., & Hirano, Y.

Plant and soil 380 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 445 - 450 2014年

Root orientation can affect detection accuracy of ground-penetrating radar. 査読有り

Tanikawa T., Hirano Y., Dannoura M., Yamase K., Aono K., Ishii M., Igarashi T., Ikeno H., & Kanazawa Y.

Plant and soil 373 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 317 - 327 2013年6月

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