担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Scientific Reports  

We retrospectively analyzed data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III critical care database to determine whether visually-assessed right ventricular (RV) dysfunction was associated with clinical outcomes in septic shock patients. Associations between visually-assessed RV dysfunction by echocardiography and in-hospital mortality, lethal arrhythmia, and hemodynamic indicators to determine the prognostic value of RV dysfunction in patients with septic shock were analyzed. Propensity score analysis showed RV dysfunction was associated with increased risk of in-hospital death in patients with septic shock (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.99–2.32; P < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, RV dysfunction was associated with in-hospital death (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.91–2.53; P < 0.001), lethal arrhythmia (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.34–3.57; P < 0.001), and tendency for increased blood lactate levels (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.14–1.50; P < 0.001) independent of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. RV dysfunction was associated with lower cardiac output, pulmonary artery pressure index, and RV stroke work index. In patients with septic shock, visually-assessed RV dysfunction was associated with in-hospital mortality, lethal arrhythmia, and circulatory insufficiency independent of LV dysfunction. Visual assessment of RV dysfunction using echocardiography might help to identify the short-term prognosis of patients with septic shock by reflecting hemodynamic status.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-021-98397-8

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PubMed

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Scientific Reports  

In sepsis-associated coagulopathies and disseminated intravascular coagulation, relative platelet reductions may reflect coagulopathy severity. However, limited evidence supports their clinical significance and most sepsis-associated coagulopathy criteria focus on the absolute platelet counts. To estimate the impact of relative platelet reductions and absolute platelet counts on sepsis outcomes. A multicenter retrospective observational study was performed using the eICU Collaborative Research Database, comprising 335 intensive care units (ICUs) in the United States. Patients with sepsis and an ICU stay > 2 days were included. Estimated effects of relative platelet reductions and absolute platelet counts on mortality and coagulopathy-related complications were evaluated. Overall, 26,176 patients were included. Multivariate mixed-effect logistic regression analysis revealed marked in-hospital mortality risk with larger platelet reductions between days one and two, independent from the resultant absolute platelet counts. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence intervals (CI)] for in-hospital mortality was 1.28[1.23–1.32], 1.86[1.75–1.97], 2.99[2.66–3.36], and 6.05[4.40–8.31] for 20–40%, 40–60%, 60–80%, and > 80% reductions, respectively, when compared with a < 20% decrease in platelets (P < 0.001 for each). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, platelet reductions ≥ 11% and platelet counts ≤ 100,000/μL on day 2 were associated with high coagulopathy-related complications (OR [95%CI], 2.03 and 1.18; P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), while only platelet reduction was associated with thromboembolic complications (OR [95%CI], 1.43 [1.03–1.98], P < 0.001). The magnitude of platelet reductions represent mortality risk and provides a better signature of coagulopathies in sepsis; therefore, it is a plausible criterion for sepsis-associated coagulopathies.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-021-93635-5

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PubMed

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Intensive Care  

Background: Currently, the appropriate method of management of patients with refractory septic shock remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with response to epinephrine in norepinephrine-refractory septic shock. Methods: A retrospective single-center observational study was performed using data from adult patients (≥ 18 years old) admitted to our emergency and medical intensive care unit (ICU) from January 2014 to December 2017 who had received epinephrine to treat norepinephrine-refractory septic shock. The response was considered positive if there was increase in mean arterial pressure of 10 mmHg or decrease in arterial lactate level 3 h after epinephrine administration. Results: Forty-one patients were included: 24 responders (59%) and 17 non-responders (41%). Responders showed higher rate of survival from shock (92% vs. 18%; P < 0.001), and 28-day survival (83% vs. 18%; P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, time of epinephrine administration after ICU admission (odds ratio [OR] 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27-0.87; P = 0.011) and SOFA score (OR 0.19; 95% CI 0.04-0.88; P = 0.034) were associated with epinephrine response. Time of epinephrine administration was also significantly associated with survival from shock (OR 0.42; P = 0.005) and 28-day survival (OR 0.14; P = 0.006), while SOFA score did not. Using inverse probability of treatment weighing (IPTW) adjustment of propensity score, epinephrine administration later than 24 h after ICU admission was associated with poor response (OR 0.07; 95% CI 0.02-0.21; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Early administration of epinephrine after ICU admission (i.e., within 24 h) is associated with better hemodynamic status in patients with refractory septic shock.

DOI： 10.1186/s40560-019-0377-1

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PubMed

出版者・発行元：Scientific Reports  

By September 2022, more than 600 million cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported globally, resulting in over 6.5 million deaths. COVID-19 mortality risk estimators are often, however, developed with small unrepresentative samples and with methodological limitations. It is highly important to develop predictive tools for pulmonary embolism (PE) in COVID-19 patients as one of the most severe preventable complications of COVID-19. Early recognition can help provide life-saving targeted anti-coagulation therapy right at admission. Using a dataset of more than 800,000 COVID-19 patients from an international cohort, we propose a cost-sensitive gradient-boosted machine learning model that predicts occurrence of PE and death at admission. Logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards models, and Shapley values were used to identify key predictors for PE and death. Our prediction model had a test AUROC of 75.9% and 74.2%, and sensitivities of 67.5% and 72.7% for PE and all-cause mortality respectively on a highly diverse and held-out test set. The PE prediction model was also evaluated on patients in UK and Spain separately with test results of 74.5% AUROC, 63.5% sensitivity and 78.9% AUROC, 95.7% sensitivity. Age, sex, region of admission, comorbidities (chronic cardiac and pulmonary disease, dementia, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, obesity, smoking), and symptoms (any, confusion, chest pain, fatigue, headache, fever, muscle or joint pain, shortness of breath) were the most important clinical predictors at admission. Age, overall presence of symptoms, shortness of breath, and hypertension were found to be key predictors for PE using our extreme gradient boosted model. This analysis based on the, until now, largest global dataset for this set of problems can inform hospital prioritisation policy and guide long term clinical research and decision-making for COVID-19 patients globally. Our machine learning model developed from an international cohort can serve to better regulate hospital risk prioritisation of at-risk patients.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-024-63212-7

Scopus

出版者・発行元：Heart and Lung  

Purpose: We aimed to compare the incidence of stroke in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) versus high-income countries (HICs) in critically ill patients with COVID-19 and its impact on in-hospital mortality. Methods: International observational study conducted in 43 countries. Stroke and mortality incidence rates and rate ratios (IRR) were calculated per admitted days using Poisson regression. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to address the HICs vs. LMICs imbalance for confounders. Results: 23,738 patients [20,511(86.4 %) HICs vs. 3,227(13.6 %) LMICs] were included. The incidence stroke/1000 admitted-days was 35.7 (95 %CI = 28.4–44.9) LMICs and 17.6 (95 %CI = 15.8–19.7) HICs; ischemic 9.47 (95 %CI = 6.57–13.7) LMICs, 1.97 (95 %CI = 1.53, 2.55) HICs; hemorrhagic, 7.18 (95 %CI = 4.73–10.9) LMICs, and 2.52 (95 %CI = 2.00–3.16) HICs; unspecified stroke type 11.6 (95 %CI = 7.75–17.3) LMICs, 8.99 (95 %CI = 7.70–10.5) HICs. In regression with IPW, LMICs vs. HICs had IRR = 1.78 (95 %CI = 1.31–2.42, p < 0.001). Patients from LMICs were more likely to die than those from HICs [43.6% vs 29.2 %; Relative Risk (RR) = 2.59 (95 %CI = 2.29–2.93), p < 0.001)]. Patients with stroke were more likely to die than those without stroke [RR = 1.43 (95 %CI = 1.19–1.72), p < 0.001)]. Conclusions: Stroke incidence was low in HICs and LMICs although the stroke risk was higher in LMICs. Both LMIC status and stroke increased the risk of death. Improving early diagnosis of stroke and redistribution of healthcare resources should be a priority. Trial registration: ACTRN12620000421932 registered on 30/03/2020.

DOI： 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.06.015

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Scientific Reports  

We investigated the effects of acute-phase intensive electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) on physical function in COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in the intensive care unit (ICU). Consecutive COVID-19 patients requiring IMV admitted to a university hospital ICU between January and April 2022 (EMS therapy group) or between March and September 2021 (age-matched historical control group) were included in this retrospective observational case–control study. EMS was applied to both upper and lower limb muscles for up to 2 weeks in the EMS therapy group. The study population consisted of 16 patients undergoing EMS therapy and 16 age-matched historical controls (median age, 71 years; 81.2% male). The mean period until initiation of EMS therapy after ICU admission was 3.2 ± 1.4 days. The EMS therapy group completed a mean of 6.2 ± 3.7 EMS sessions, and no adverse events occurred. There were no significant differences between the two groups in Medical Research Council sum score (51 vs. 53 points, respectively; P = 0.439) or ICU mobility scale at ICU discharge. Addition of upper and lower limb muscle EMS therapy to an early rehabilitation program did not result in improved physical function at ICU discharge in severe COVID-19 patients.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-024-55969-8

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本集中治療医学会  

<p>日本集中治療医学会と日本救急医学会は合同で特別委員会を結成し、日本版敗血症診療ガイドライン2024年版（J-SSCG2024）として公表する。今回の改訂により、2012年の初版から数えて3回目の改訂となる。本ガイドラインの目的は、敗血症および敗血症性ショックの診療において、医療従事者が適切な判断を下し、患者の転帰改善につなげるための支援を行うことである。敗血症を認識し初期対応する医師、引き継いで専門家として診療する医師、そして看護師、理学療法士、臨床工学技士、薬剤師など、多職種の医療従事者にとって理解しやすく、使いやすいものを目指した。 J-SSCG2024は、敗血症の診断と感染源のコントロール、抗菌薬治療、初期蘇生・循環作動薬、急性血液浄化、DIC 診断と治療、その他の補助療法、PICS 対策、家族ケア、小児の9領域をカバーし、合計78 個の重要臨床課題を設定した。ガイドラインパネルには両学会から委員21名を任用し、ワーキンググループメンバー107名（医師、看護師、理学療法士、臨床工学技士、薬剤師）のサポートのもとに作成した。将来への発展性を見据えて、多くの若手医療従事者や研究者を含めた。また前回と同様に、中立的立場で領域を横断的に俯瞰するアカデミックガイドライン推進班を構成し、質の担保と作業過程の透明化を目的にパブリックコメントを募集した。作成手法にはGRADE（The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation）システムを採用し、質の高いガイドラインを目指した。7個のGood practice statement（GPS）と42個のGRADE に基づく推奨を提示した。その他に、Background question（BQ）22個、future research question（FRQ）12個の解説文を付記した。さらにガイドラインの幅広い普及と教育効果の向上を目指し、スマートフォンアプリを開発した。 本ガイドラインは日本集中治療医学会と日本救急医学会の両機関誌のガイドライン増刊号として同時掲載される。日本集中治療医学会と日本救急医学会の精鋭の英知が詰まった本ガイドラインが、より多くの関係者に利用され、評価され、1人でも多くの敗血症患者の転帰改善に繫がることを願っている。</p>

DOI： 10.3918/jsicm.2400001

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Heart Failure Reviews  

Studies over recent years have redeveloped our understanding of uremic cardiomyopathy, defined as left ventricular hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, and associated cardiac hypertrophy plus other abnormalities that result from chronic kidney disease and are often the cause of death in affected patients. Definitions of uremic cardiomyopathy have conflicted and overlapped over the decades, complicating the body of published evidence, and making comparison difficult. New and continuing research into potential risk factors, including uremic toxins, anemia, hypervolemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance, indicates the increasing interest in illuminating the pathways that lead to UC and thereby identifying potential targets for intervention. Indeed, our developing understanding of the mechanisms of UC has opened new frontiers in research, promising novel approaches to diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and management. This educational review highlights advances in the field of uremic cardiomyopathy and how they may become applicable in practice by clinicians. Pathways to optimal treatment with current modalities (with hemodialysis and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) will be described, along with proposed steps to be taken in research to allow evidence-based integration of developing investigational therapies.

DOI： 10.1007/s10741-023-10318-1

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本透析医学会  

DOI： 10.4009/jsdt.56.251

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：JMIR Medical Education  

Background: Whether GPT-4, the conversational artificial intelligence, can accurately diagnose and triage health conditions and whether it presents racial and ethnic biases in its decisions remain unclear. Objective: We aim to assess the accuracy of GPT-4 in the diagnosis and triage of health conditions and whether its performance varies by patient race and ethnicity. Methods: We compared the performance of GPT-4 and physicians, using 45 typical clinical vignettes, each with a correct diagnosis and triage level, in February and March 2023. For each of the 45 clinical vignettes, GPT-4 and 3 board-certified physicians provided the most likely primary diagnosis and triage level (emergency, nonemergency, or self-care). Independent reviewers evaluated the diagnoses as "correct" or "incorrect." Physician diagnosis was defined as the consensus of the 3 physicians. We evaluated whether the performance of GPT-4 varies by patient race and ethnicity, by adding the information on patient race and ethnicity to the clinical vignettes. Results: The accuracy of diagnosis was comparable between GPT-4 and physicians (the percentage of correct diagnosis was 97.8% (44/45; 95% CI 88.2%-99.9%) for GPT-4 and 91.1% (41/45; 95% CI 78.8%-97.5%) for physicians; P=.38). GPT-4 provided appropriate reasoning for 97.8% (44/45) of the vignettes. The appropriateness of triage was comparable between GPT-4 and physicians (GPT-4: 30/45, 66.7%; 95% CI 51.0%-80.0%; physicians: 30/45, 66.7%; 95% CI 51.0%-80.0%; P=.99). The performance of GPT-4 in diagnosing health conditions did not vary among different races and ethnicities (Black, White, Asian, and Hispanic), with an accuracy of 100% (95% CI 78.2%-100%). P values, compared to the GPT-4 output without incorporating race and ethnicity information, were all.99. The accuracy of triage was not significantly different even if patients' race and ethnicity information was added. The accuracy of triage was 62.2% (95% CI 46.5%-76.2%; P=.50) for Black patients; 66.7% (95% CI 51.0%-80.0%; P=.99) for White patients; 66.7% (95% CI 51.0%-80.0%; P=.99) for Asian patients, and 62.2% (95%CI 46.5%-76.2%; P=.69) for Hispanic patients. P values were calculated by comparing the outputs with and without conditioning on race and ethnicity. Conclusions: GPT-4's ability to diagnose and triage typical clinical vignettes was comparable to that of board-certified physicians. The performance of GPT-4 did not vary by patient race and ethnicity. These findings should be informative for health systems looking to introduce conversational artificial intelligence to improve the efficiency of patient diagnosis and triage.

DOI： 10.2196/47532

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Critical Care  

Background: The role of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not fully elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate in COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS the impact of early use of NMBAs on 90-day mortality, through propensity score (PS) matching analysis. Methods: We analyzed a convenience sample of patients with COVID-19 and moderate-to-severe ARDS, admitted to 244 intensive care units within the COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium, from February 1, 2020, through October 31, 2021. Patients undergoing at least 2 days and up to 3 consecutive days of NMBAs (NMBA treatment), within 48 h from commencement of IMV were compared with subjects who did not receive NMBAs or only upon commencement of IMV (control). The primary objective in the PS-matched cohort was comparison between groups in 90-day in-hospital mortality, assessed through Cox proportional hazard modeling. Secondary objectives were comparisons in the numbers of ventilator-free days (VFD) between day 1 and day 28 and between day 1 and 90 through competing risk regression. Results: Data from 1953 patients were included. After propensity score matching, 210 cases from each group were well matched. In the PS-matched cohort, mean (± SD) age was 60.3 ± 13.2 years and 296 (70.5%) were male and the most common comorbidities were hypertension (56.9%), obesity (41.1%), and diabetes (30.0%). The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for death at 90 days in the NMBA treatment vs control group was 1.12 (95% CI 0.79, 1.59, p = 0.534). After adjustment for smoking habit and critical therapeutic covariates, the HR was 1.07 (95% CI 0.72, 1.61, p = 0.729). At 28 days, VFD were 16 (IQR 0–25) and 25 (IQR 7–26) in the NMBA treatment and control groups, respectively (sub-hazard ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.67, 1.00, p = 0.055). At 90 days, VFD were 77 (IQR 0–87) and 87 (IQR 0–88) (sub-hazard ratio 0.86 (95% CI 0.69, 1.07; p = 0.177). Conclusions: In patients with COVID-19 and moderate-to-severe ARDS, short course of NMBA treatment, applied early, did not significantly improve 90-day mortality and VFD. In the absence of definitive data from clinical trials, NMBAs should be indicated cautiously in this setting.

DOI： 10.1186/s13054-022-03983-5

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Scientific Data  

The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 dataset is one of the largest international databases of prospectively collected clinical data on people hospitalized with COVID-19. This dataset was compiled during the COVID-19 pandemic by a network of hospitals that collect data using the ISARIC-World Health Organization Clinical Characterization Protocol and data tools. The database includes data from more than 705,000 patients, collected in more than 60 countries and 1,500 centres worldwide. Patient data are available from acute hospital admissions with COVID-19 and outpatient follow-ups. The data include signs and symptoms, pre-existing comorbidities, vital signs, chronic and acute treatments, complications, dates of hospitalization and discharge, mortality, viral strains, vaccination status, and other data. Here, we present the dataset characteristics, explain its architecture and how to gain access, and provide tools to facilitate its use.

DOI： 10.1038/s41597-022-01534-9

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Respiratory Investigation  

Background: The joint committee of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine/Japanese Respiratory Society/Japanese Society of Respiratory Care Medicine on ARDS Clinical Practice Guideline has created and released the ARDS Clinical Practice Guideline 2021. Methods: The 2016 edition of the Clinical Practice Guideline covered clinical questions (CQs) that targeted only adults, but the present guideline includes 15 CQs for children in addition to 46 CQs for adults. As with the previous edition, we used a systematic review method with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system as well as a degree of recommendation determination method. We also conducted systematic reviews that used meta-analyses of diagnostic accuracy and network meta-analyses as a new method. Results: Recommendations for adult patients with ARDS are described: we suggest against using serum C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels to identify bacterial pneumonia as the underlying disease (GRADE 2D); we recommend limiting tidal volume to 4–8 mL/kg for mechanical ventilation (GRADE 1D); we recommend against managements targeting an excessively low SpO2 (PaO2) (GRADE 2D); we suggest against using transpulmonary pressure as a routine basis in positive end-expiratory pressure settings (GRADE 2B); we suggest implementing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for those with severe ARDS (GRADE 2B); we suggest against using high-dose steroids (GRADE 2C); and we recommend using low-dose steroids (GRADE 1B). The recommendations for pediatric patients with ARDS are as follows: we suggest against using non-invasive respiratory support (non-invasive positive pressure ventilation/high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy) (GRADE 2D); we suggest placing pediatric patients with moderate ARDS in the prone position (GRADE 2D); we suggest against routinely implementing NO inhalation therapy (GRADE 2C); and we suggest against implementing daily sedation interruption for pediatric patients with respiratory failure (GRADE 2D). Conclusions: This article is a translated summary of the full version of the ARDS Clinical Practice Guideline 2021 published in Japanese (URL: https://www.jrs.or.jp/publication/jrs_guidelines/). The original text, which was written for Japanese healthcare professionals, may include different perspectives from healthcare professionals of other countries.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resinv.2022.05.003

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000718

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Pediatric Nephrology  

Background: The prevalence of magnesium imbalance in critically ill children is very high. However, its significance in the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality remains unknown. Methods: In this retrospective observational study from 2010 to 2018, the pediatric-specific intensive care database was analyzed. We included critically ill children aged > 3 months and those without chronic kidney disease. Patients were diagnosed with AKI, according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) study. We calculated the initial corrected magnesium levels (cMg) within 24 h and used a spline regression model to evaluate the cut-off values for cMg. We analyzed 28-day mortality and its association with AKI. The interaction between AKI and magnesium imbalance was evaluated. Results: The study included 3,669 children, of whom 105 died within 28 days, while 1,823 were diagnosed with AKI. The cut-off values for cMg were 0.72 and 0.94 mmol/L. Both hypermagnesemia and hypomagnesemia were associated with 28-day mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 2.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.89–4.71, p < 0.001; OR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.60–4.89, p < 0.001). Hypermagnesemia was associated with AKI (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.27–1.82, p < 0.001), while neither hypermagnesemia nor hypomagnesemia interacted with the AKI stage on the 28-day mortality. Conclusions: Abnormal magnesium levels were associated with 28-day mortality in critically ill children. AKI and hypermagnesemia had a strong association. Graphical abstract: “A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information”. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

DOI： 10.1007/s00467-021-05331-1

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Nagoya Journal of Medical Science  

Repeated suicide attempts through intentional overdose are not infrequent, but little is known about the risk factors associated with intentional overdose. We investigated these risk factors within 1 year of discharge from hospital and developed an index predicting recurrence. This retrospective observational study included 419 patients admitted to our hospital between 2011 and 2018 due to intentional overdose. Of these, 43 (10.0%) repeated an overdose within 1 year of discharge. The risk factors with the highest odds ratios from multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to develop an index assessing Recurrence of Overdose Suicide Attempt. The following variables were significantly associated with recurrence and were included in the index: anxiety and/or insomnia at discharge; use of five or more psychotropic medications; diagnosis of an ICD-F4 anxiety disorders; and female sex (odds ratios: 4.24; 5.52; 2.41; and 3.41, respectively). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the index was 0.797. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for Recurrence of Overdose Suicide Attempt >4 points (out of 6) were 72.1%, 75.8%, 25.4%, and 96.0%, respectively. Our novel index predicted the recurrence of intentional overdose with a good negative predictive value and may therefore be a useful screening tool for this high-risk population.

DOI： 10.18999/nagjms.84.2.301

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Cardiology Cases  

Transportation of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 outside isolation rooms should be avoided to prevent further spread of the disease. Here, we report a safe and accurate bedside cannulation method for veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) in a COVID-19 patient in the intensive care unit. A 71-year-old man was admitted to our hospital and diagnosed as having COVID-19 pneumonia. We decided to initiate VV-ECMO therapy because maintaining blood oxygen saturation was difficult despite the mechanical ventilation. We placed two flat-panel detectors behind the patient's chest and the right inguinal area. We repeatedly imaged and monitored insertion of wires and cannulas using a portable X-ray system. Cannulas were successfully inserted in the appropriate position, and VV-ECMO was initiated without any complications. <Learning objective: Transportation of patients with coronavirus disease outside isolation rooms carries the risk of further spread of the disease. By repeatedly acquiring images using a portable X-ray system, safe and accurate cannulation for veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation can be performed at the bedside in the intensive care unit.>

DOI： 10.1016/j.jccase.2021.09.008

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PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BMJ open  

INTRODUCTION: Sepsis is not only the leading cause of death in the intensive care unit (ICU) but also a major risk factor for physical and cognitive impairment and mental disorders, known as postintensive care syndrome (PICS), reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and even mental health disorders in patient families (PICS-family; PICS-F). The ABCDEF bundle is strongly recommended to overcome them, while the association between implementing the bundle and the long-term outcomes is also unknown. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a multicentre prospective observational study at 26 ICUs. All consecutive patients between 1 November 2020 and 30 April 2022, who are 18 years old or older and expected to stay in an ICU for more than 48 hours due to sepsis or septic shock, are enrolled. Follow-up to evaluate survival and PICS/ PICS-F will be performed at 3, 6 and 12 months and additionally every 6 months up to 5 years after hospital discharge. Primary outcomes include survival at 12 months, which is the primary outcome, and the incidence of PICS defined as the presence of any physical impairment, cognitive impairment or mental disorders. PICS assessment scores, HRQoL and employment status are evaluated. The association between the implementation rate for the ABCDEF bundle and for each of the individual elements and long-term outcomes will be evaluated. The PICS-F, defined as the presence of mental disorders, and HRQoL of the family is also assessed. Additional analyses with data up to 5 years follow-up are planned. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study received ethics approvals from Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital (2020-42) and all other participating institutions and was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry. Informed consent will be obtained from all patients. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMIN000041433.

DOI： 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054478

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.7554/eLife.70970

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：American Journal of Emergency Medicine  

Background: Airborne personal protective equipment is required for healthcare workers when performing aerosol-generating procedures on patients with infectious diseases. Chest compressions, one of the main components of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, require intense and dynamic movements of the upper body. We aimed to investigate the protective effect of tight-fitting powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) during chest compressions. Methods: This single-center simulation study was performed from February 2021 to March 2021. The simulated workplace protection factor (SWPF) is the concentration ratio of ambient particles and particles inside the PAPR mask; this value indicates the level of protection provided by a respirator when subjected to a simulated work environment. Participants performed continuous chest compressions three times for 2 min each time, with a 4-min break between each session. We measured the SWPF of the tight-fitting PAPR during chest compression in real-time mode. The primary outcome was the ratio of any failure of protection (SWPF <500) during the chest compression sessions. Results: Fifty-four participants completed the simulation. Overall, 78% (n = 42) of the participants failed (the measured SWPF value was less than 500) at least one of the three sessions of chest compressions. The median value and interquartile range of the SWPF was 4304 (685–16,191). There were no reports of slipping down of the respirator or mechanical failure during chest compressions. Conclusions: Although the median SWPF value was high during chest compressions, the tight-fitting PAPR did not provide adequate protection.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.06.012

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00565-X

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Health Security  

Japan has the highest proportion of older adults worldwide but has fewer critical care beds than most high-income countries. Although the COVID-19 infection rate in Japan is low compared with Europe and the United States, by the end of 2020, several infected people died in ambulances because they could not find hospitals to accept them. Our study aimed to examine the Japanese healthcare system's capacity to accommodate critically ill COVID-19 patients during the pandemic. We created a model to estimate bed and staff capacity at 3 levels of pandemic response (conventional, contingency, and crisis), as defined by the US National Academy of Medicine, and the function of Japan's healthcare system at each level. We then compared our estimates of the number of COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care at peak times with the national health system capacity using expert panel data. Our findings suggest that Japan's healthcare system currently can accommodate only a limited number of critically ill COVID-19 patients. It could accommodate the surge of pandemic demands by converting nonintensive care unit beds to critical care beds and using nonintensive care unit staff for critical care. However, bed and staff capacity should not be expanded uniformly, so that the limited number of physicians and nurses are allocated efficiently and so staffing does not become the bottleneck of the expansion. Training and deploying physicians and nurses to provide immediate intensive care is essential. The key is to introduce and implement the concept and mechanism of tiered staffing in the Japanese healthcare system. More importantly, most intensive care facilities in Japanese hospitals are small-scaled and thinly distributed in each region. The government needs to introduce an efficient system for smooth dispatching of medical personnel among hospitals regardless of their founding institutions.

DOI： 10.1089/hs.2020.0227

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s15010-021-01599-5

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1186/s13054-021-03518-4

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Journal of Clinical Medicine  

Whether a patient with severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) will be successfully liberated from mechanical ventilation (MV) early is important in the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to characterize the time course of parameters and outcomes of severe COVID-19 in relation to the timing of liberation from MV. This retrospective, single-center, observational study was performed using data from mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU between 1 March 2020 and 15 December 2020. Early liberation from ventilation (EL group) was defined as successful extubation within 10 days of MV. The trends of respiratory mechanics and laboratory data were visualized and compared between the EL and prolonged MV (PMV) groups using smoothing spline and linear mixed effect models. Of 52 admitted patients, 31 mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients were included (EL group, 20 (69%); PMV group, 11 (31%)). The patients’ median age was 71 years. While in-hospital mortality was low (6%), activities of daily living (ADL) at the time of hospital discharge were significantly impaired in the PMV group compared to the EL group (mean Barthel index (range): 30 (7.5–95) versus 2.5 (0–22.5), p = 0.048). The trends in respiratory compliance were different between patients in the EL and PMV groups. An increasing trend in the ventilatory ratio during MV until approximately 2 weeks was observed in both groups. The interaction between daily change and earlier liberation was significant in the trajectory of the thrombin–antithrombin complex, antithrombin 3, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, lymphocyte, and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) values. The indicator of physiological dead space increases during MV. The trajectory of markers of the hypercoagulation status, inflammation, and PEEP were significantly different depending on the timing of liberation from MV. These findings may provide insight into the pathophysiology of COVID-19 during treatment in the critical care setting.

DOI： 10.3390/jcm10112513

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PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PLoS ONE  

A previous study has shown that late failure (> 48 hours) of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was associated with intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether failure of non-invasive respiratory support, including HFNC and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), was also associated with the risk of mortality even if it occurs in the earlier phase. We retrospectively analyzed 59 intubated patients for acute respiratory failure due to lung diseases between April 2014 and June 2018. We divided the patients into 2 groups according to the time from starting non-invasive ventilatory support until their intubation: ≤6 hours failure and > 6 hours failure group. We evaluated the differences in the ICU mortality between these two groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the highest mortality in the > 6 hours failure group as compared to the ≤6 hours failure group, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01). It was also associated with a statistically significant increased 30-day mortality and decreased ventilator weaning rate. The ICU mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure caused by lung diseases was increased if the time until failure of HFNC and NPPV was more than 6 hours.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0251030

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Cardiology Cases  

A 37-year-old man diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma two weeks previously, visited our emergency department with sudden dyspnea. He had a severe respiratory failure with saturated percutaneous oxygen at 80% (room air). Chest radiography showed a large amount of left pleural effusion. After 1000 mL of the effusion was urgently drained, reexpansion pulmonary edema (RPE) occurred. Despite ventilator management, oxygenation did not improve and venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) was initiated in the intensive care unit. The next day, contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a massive thrombus in the right pulmonary artery, at this point the presence of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) was revealed. Fortunately, the patient's condition gradually improved with anticoagulant therapy and VV-ECMO support. VV-ECMO was successfully discontinued on day 4, and chemotherapy was initiated on day 8. We speculated the following mechanism in this case: blood flow to the right lung significantly reduced due to acute massive PTE, and blood flow to the left lung correspondingly increased, which could have caused RPE in the left lung. Therefore, our observations suggest that drainage of pleural effusion when contralateral blood flow is impaired due to acute PTE may increase the risk of RPE. <Learning objective: This is a case of reexpansion pulmonary edema (RPE) in the left lung following acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in the right lung associated with malignant lymphoma, managed by venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Contralateral pleural drainage could increase the risk of RPE because contralateral pulmonary blood flow is assumed to increase when PTE obstructs blood flow. Pleural drainage should be performed carefully in patients with malignant tumors because PTE may be hidden.>

DOI： 10.1016/j.jccase.2020.08.013

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PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of Cardiology Cases  

We treated two patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation. Case 1 was a 73-year-old Japanese man. Computed tomography (CT) revealed ground-glass opacities in both lungs. He had severe respiratory failure with a partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fraction of inspiratory oxygen ratio (P/F ratio) of 203. Electrocardiogram showed a heart rate (HR) of 56 beats/min, slight ST depression in leads II, III, and aVF, and mild saddle-back type ST elevation in leads V1 and V2. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (cTnT) level was slightly elevated. Despite a high fever and hypoxemia, his HR remained within 50–70 beats/min. Case 2 was a 52-year-old Japanese woman. CT revealed ground-glass opacities in the lower left lung. Electrocardiogram showed a HR of only 81 beats/min, despite a body temperature of 39.2 °C, slight ST depression in leads V4, V5, V6, and a prominent U wave in multiple leads. She had an elevated cTnT and a P/F ratio of 165. Despite a high fever and hypoxemia, her HR remained within 50–70 beats/min. Both patients had a poor compensatory increase in their HR, despite their critical status. Relative bradycardia could be a cardiovascular complication and is an important clinical finding in patients with COVID-19. <Learning objective: We report two Japanese cases of COVID-19 pneumonia with relative bradycardia as a condition and no significant compensatory increase in heart rate despite high fever and severe hypoxemia. Relative bradycardia in COVID-19 might be associated with myocardial injury due to not only direct viral involvement but also systemic inflammation. We should carefully observe the occurrence of relative bradycardia because it could potentially be a clinical sign of COVID-19.>

DOI： 10.1016/j.jccase.2020.07.015

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Intensive Care Medicine  

Background: The management of refractory septic shock remains a major challenge in critical care and its early indicators are not fully understood. We hypothesized that the maximum norepinephrine dosage within 24 hours of intensive care unit (ICU) admission may be a useful indicator of early mortality in patients with septic shock. Methods: In this retrospective single-center observational study, patients with septic shock admitted to the emergency ICU of an academic medical center between April 2011 and March 2017 were included. Individuals with cardiac arrest and those with do-not-resuscitate orders before admission were excluded. We analyzed if the maximum norepinephrine dosage within 24 hours of ICU admission (MD24) was associated with 7-day mortality. Results: Among 152 patients with septic shock, 20 (15%) did not survive by day 7. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for predicting 7-day mortality revealed a cutoff of MD24 of 0.6 μg/kg/min (sensitivity 47%, specificity 93%). In the multivariable regression analysis, a higher MD24 was significantly associated with 7-day mortality (odds ratio: 7.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.02-25.7; P =.002) but not with 30-day mortality. Using the inverse probability of treatment weighting method in a propensity scoring analysis, a higher MD24 was significantly associated with 7-day (hazard ratio [HR]: 8.9; 95% CI: 3.2-25.0; P <.001) and 30-day mortality (HR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2-5.8; P =.012). Conclusions: An MD24 ≥0.6 μg/kg/min was significantly associated with 7-day mortality in patients with septic shock and may therefore be a useful indicator of refractory septic shock.

DOI： 10.1177/0885066619860736

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Diagnostics  

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication of sepsis that induces acid-base imbalances. While creatinine levels are the only indicator for assessing the prognosis of AKI, prognostic importance of metabolic acidosis is unknown. We conducted a retrospective observational study by analyzing a large China-based pediatric critical care database from 2010 to 2018. Participants were critically ill children with AKI admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). The study included 1505 children admitted to ICUs with AKI, including 827 males and 678 females. The median age at ICU admission was 22 months (interquartile range 7–65). After a median follow-up of 10.87 days, 4.3% (65 patients) died. After adjusting for confounding factors, hyperlactatemia, low pH, and low bicarbonate levels were independently associated with 28-day mortality (respective odds ratio: 3.06, 2.77, 2.09; p values: <0.01, <0.01, <0.01). The infection had no interaction with the three parameters. The AKI stage negatively interacted with bicarbonate and pH but not lactate. The current study shows that among children with AKI, hyperlactatemia, low pH, and hypobicarbonatemia are associated with 28-day mortality.

DOI： 10.3390/diagnostics10110937

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記述言語：英語  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Medicine  

RATIONALE: Capillary leak syndrome is a condition that increases systemic capillary permeability and causes characteristic manifestations such as recurrent hypovolemia, systemic edema, and hemoconcentration. Acute limb compartment syndrome is a possible complication of severe capillary leak syndrome. However, timely diagnosis and prompt treatment are challenging because of atypical presentation. PATIENT CONCERNS: An 18-year-old woman with a history of clinical depression was admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) because of metformin and vildagliptin overdose. She developed marked vasodilatory shock with recurrent severe hypovolemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. After urgent hemodialysis and plasma exchange, she started to stabilize hemodynamically. However, her limbs became stone-hard with massive edema. Her serum creatinine kinase level increased to an extremely high level. DIAGNOSIS: Extremities were distended, and her skin developed pallor with blistering. Intramuscular pressure in both forearms and lower legs was significantly elevated. INTERVENTIONS: Decompressive fasciotomy was performed. Hemodialysis was continued because of rhabdomyolyses-induced acute kidney injury. OUTCOMES: The patient was finally able to walk by herself at the time of hospital discharge on day 109. LESSONS: The possibility of acute compartment syndrome should be considered in patients with marked capillary leakage, especially after aggressive fluid resuscitation. It is important to be aware of the compartment syndrome in an ICU setting because communication barriers often mask typical symptoms and make diagnosis difficult.

DOI： 10.1097/MD.0000000000021202

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記述言語：日本語  

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開催年月日： 2021年2月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

開催地：WEB   国名：日本国