研究者詳細 - 中西　和樹

論文 - 中西　和樹

分割表示 412 件中 241 - 260 件目／全件表示 >>

Facile Synthesis of Macroporous Cross-Linked Methacrylate Gels by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization 査読有り

Kanamori, K; Hasegawa, J; Nakanishi, K; Hanada, T

MACROMOLECULES 41 巻 ( 19 ) 頁： 7186 - 7193 2008年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Macromolecules

Macroporous cross-linked organic polymer monoliths with well-defined bicontinuous structure have been synthesized from 1,3-glycerol dimethacrylate (GDMA) in a solvent utilizing atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). With the addition of an adequate polymeric agent, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), spinodal decomposition was induced in the course of polymerization of GDMA. A homogeneous gelation by ATRP solidified the temporal biphasic morphology of spinodal decomposition, resulting in well-defined macroporous gels after drying. Macroporous dried gels obtained in this way comprise interconnected skeletons and macropores, which is characteristic for spinodal decomposition. Macropore size and volume were controlled simply by altering the starting composition. The mechanism of spinodal decomposition is deduced that the separation takes place between polymerizing GDMA and PEO, but FTIR and thermal analyses suggested the amount of PEO that is distributed in GDMA-rich phase cannot be neglected. Free radical polymerization, which is generally utilized for synthesis of porous polymeric gels, usually leads to heterogeneous cross-linking forming local microgels and hinders the occurrence of spinodal decomposition in a cross-linking system over extended length scales. On the other hand, living polymerization allowed homogeneous cross-linking; hence, isotropic spinodal decomposition was induced in the copresence of PEO. The facile synthesis method presented here will lead to more precise control of pore properties of cross-linked organic polymer gels. © 2008 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/ma800563p

Scattering-based hole burning through volume speckles in a random medium with tunable diffusion constant 査読有り

Murai Shunsuke, Fujita Koji, Hirao Takayuki, Nakanishi Kazuki, Hirao Kazuyuki, Tanaka Katsuhisa

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 93 巻 ( 15 ) 2008年10月

Preparation and properties of radiofrequency sputtered X-ray amorphous films in the system SiO<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> 査読有り

Sawa, A; Nakanishi, K; Hanada, T

THIN SOLID FILMS 516 巻 ( 15 ) 頁： 4665 - 4672 2008年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Thin Solid Films

Amorphous films in the system SiO2-ZrO2 were prepared by radiofrequency sputtering method and their density, refractive index, elastic constants, and thermal expansion coefficient were measured. All of the physical properties had a similar compositional dependence; that is, they increased, but not proportionally, with increasing ZrO2 content. The coordination states of cations in these amorphous films were estimated by the compositional dependence of volume and molar refractivity. The coordination state of silicon ions in the amorphous films did not change, but the coordination number of zirconium ions changed from 8 to 6, depending on ZrO2 content. These results indicate that, in amorphous films in the system SiO2-ZrO2, the change of the coordination state of zirconium ions in the amorphous films has an important effect on the properties. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.08.012

Preparation of monolithic silica columns for high-performance liquid chromatography 査読有り

Núñez, O; Nakanishi, K; Tanaka, N

JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A 1191 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 231 - 252 2008年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Chromatography A

Preparation methods of monolithic silica columns for HPLC including the surface modification were reviewed. Chemical modification methods recently reported to obtain stationary phases for reversed-phase (RP), chiral, ion-exchange, and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) separations were discussed. Recent results related to preparation methods of monolithic silica were also covered. The characteristics and properties of silica monoliths and some applications of monolithic silica columns for different analytical and bioanalytical fields will be commented. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.029

Alkoxy-derived multiscale porous TiO<sub>2</sub> gels probed by ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering 査読有り

Konishi, J; Fujita, K; Nakanishi, K; Nishitsuji, S; Takenaka, M; Miura, K; Hirao, K

JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 46 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 63 - 69 2008年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

Titania (TiO2) monoliths with well-defined bicontinuous macropores and gel skeletons were prepared through the alkoxy-derived sol-gel process accompanied by spinodal decomposition, and the structural evolution during evaporation drying and heat treatment was probed by a combination of ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering. X-ray scattering profiles of wet and dried gels revealed that microporous structures related to the existence of primary particles are present in the gel skeletons at the wet stage and are preserved during drying. Additionally, it is found that the primary particles swollen in the wet condition are dried to compact aggregates to produce the smooth surface of gel skeletons. Upon heating at 400 °C, the particle-particle correlation associated with regularity of mesostructures is enhanced. From nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, the average pore size is less than 1 nm in the dried gel and increases to 3.1 nm by the heat treatment. Homogeneous growth of primary particles due to interparticle-polycondensation reaction is responsible for the increased size and uniform distribution of mesopores in the heat-treated gel. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

DOI： 10.1007/s10971-008-1694-3

Crystalline ZrO<sub>2</sub> monoliths with well-defined macropores and mesostructured skeletons prepared by combining the alkoxy-derived sol-gel process accompanied by phase separation and the solvothermal process 査読有り

Konishi, J; Fujita, K; Oiwa, S; Nakanishi, K; Hirao, K

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS 20 巻 ( 6 ) 頁： 2165 - 2173 2008年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Chemistry of Materials

We have successfully prepared multiscale porous crystalline zirconia (ZrO2) monoliths by combining the alkoxy-derived sol-gel process accompanied by phase-separation and the solvothermal process. The gelation can be controlled by the addition of N-methylformamide to the starting solution, while the phase separation is induced by the incorporation of poly(ethylene oxide). Amorphous ZrO2 monolithic gels with well-defined bicontinuous macropores and microstractured skeletons are obtained when the transient structure of polymerization-induced phase separation is fixed by the gelation. The size of the macropores is controlled in the range of 300 nm to 2 μm by adjusting the amount of poly(ethylene oxide). The solvent exchange of the mother liquor in the as-gelled wet specimens with absolute ethanol, followed by the solvothermal treatment at temperatures above 210 °C, brings about the formation of mesopores and stabilizes tetragonal ZrO2 nanocrystals without disturbing the macroporous morphology. The resultant macro-mesoporous crystalline ZrO2 gels possess the surface area over 200 m2 g-1. © 2008 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/cm703351d

Cr3+-doped macroporous Al2O3 monoliths prepared by the metal-salt-derived sol-gel method 査読有り

Fujita Koji, Tokudome Yasuaki, Nakanishi Kazuki, Miura Kiyotaka, Hirao Kazuyuki

JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS 354 巻 ( 2-9 ) 頁： 659 - 664 2008年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

Cr3+-doped alumina (Al2O3) monoliths with well-defined macropores have been synthesized from the aqueous and ethanolic solution of aluminum and chromium salts in the presence of propylene oxide (PO) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) using the sol-gel method accompanied by phase separation. The addition of PEO to the starting solution induces the phase separation, whereas the introduction of PO controls the gelation. The bicontinuous macroporous structures are obtained by inducing the phase separation parallel to the gelation, and the pore size can be controlled by adjusting the composition of starting solutions. The dried gel and that heat-treated at 700 °C are amorphous. As the heat-treatment temperature is increased over 700 °C, nanocrystalline γ-Al2O3 is precipitated at 800 °C, a mixture of θ- and α-Al2O3 phases appears at 1100 °C, and a single of α-Al2O3 is obtained at 1200 °C, while keeping the bicontinuous macroporous structure. Cr3+-doped α-Al2O3 monoliths with well-defined macropores exhibit photoluminescence as observed for ruby, indicating that Cr3+ ions are homogenously dispersed into the skeletons of bicontinuous network and substitute uniformly for the Al3+ sites. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.06.091

Cr3+-doped macroporous Al2O3 monoliths prepared by the metal-salt-derived sol-gel method 査読有り

Koji Fujita, Yasuaki Tokudome, Kazuki Nakanishi, Kiyotaka Miura, Kazuyuki Hirao

JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS 354 巻 ( 2-9 ) 頁： 659 - 664 2008年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Cr3+-doped alumina (Al2O3) monoliths with well-defined macropores have been synthesized from the aqueous and ethanolic solution of aluminum and chromium salts in the presence of propylene oxide (PO) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) using the sol-gel method accompanied by phase separation. The addition of PEO to the starting solution induces the phase separation, whereas the introduction of PO controls the gelation. The bicontinuous macroporous structures are obtained by inducing the phase separation parallel to the gelation, and the pore size can be controlled by adjusting the composition of starting solutions. The dried gel and that heat-treated at 700 degrees C are amorphous. As the heat-treatment temperature is increased over 700 degrees C, nanocrystalline gamma-Al2O3 is precipitated at 800 degrees C, a mixture of theta- and (alpha-Al2O3 phases appears at 1100 degrees C, and a single of alpha-Al2O3 is obtained at 1200 degrees C, while keeping the bicontinuous macroporous structure. Cr3+-doped alpha-Al2O3 monoliths with well-defined macropores exhibit photoluminescence as observed for ruby, indicating that Cr3+ ions are homogenously dispersed into the skeletons of bicontinuous network and substitute uniformly for the Al3+ sites. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jnonerysol.2007.06.091

22aYE-7 シリカゲル中液体^4Heの音響特性におけるゲル構造の効果(22aYE 多孔体・2次元電子,領域6(金属,超低温,超伝導・密度波))

大森光一, 田中太基, 阿部聡, 辻井宏之, 鈴木治彦, 松本宏一, 中西和樹, 金森主祥

日本物理学会講演概要集 63 巻 ( 0 ) 2008年

Hierarchically porous oxides, hybrids and polymers via sol-gel accompanied by phase separation 査読有り

Kazuki Nakanishi

ORGANIC/INORGANIC HYBRID MATERIALS - 2007 1007 巻頁： 51 - 62 2008年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）出版者・発行元：MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY

In various crosslinking systems containing metal oxides, organo-siloxane polymers and pure hydrocarbons, monolithic materials with hierarchical well-defined macropores and controlled mesopores have been synthesized. Synthetic progress in alkoxy-derived macroporous silica lead to the preparation of long-range ordered mesoporous skeletons in well-defined. macroporous framework. Alkylene-bridged silicon alkoxides can also be prepared into similarly hierarchical porous structures with broadened variations in framework morphology. Macro-mesoporous alkoxy-derived pure titania and zirconia have been prepared using hydrochloric acid - mediated processes. Compared with those prepared from colloidal dispersions, alkoxy-derived macroporous titania exhibited much higher mechanical strength. Titania monolith is a promising candidate as a separation medium to discriminate phosphorylated compounds in a liquid chromatography mode. Pure alumina macroporous monolith has been first synthesized from aluminum salt using propylene glycol as a proton scavenger to thrust the solution pH from acidic into neutral conditions. Alumina-based complex oxides such as garnets and spinels can also be prepared in pure phases. Polymerization and phase separation in organic crosslinker system was also controlled to obtain well-defined co-continuous macro-frameworks instead of those composed of aggregated particles. These examples demonstrate the versatility of using phase-separation in gelling systems to obtain well-defined macroporous structures.

Phase separation in alkoxy-derived silica system containing polyacrylamide 査読有り

Kousuke Kawamoto, Kazuki Nakanishi, Teiichi Hanada

ORGANIC/INORGANIC HYBRID MATERIALS - 2007 1007 巻頁： 63 - 68 2008年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）出版者・発行元：MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY

By inducing phase separation parallel to the sol-gel transition of alkoxy-derived silica systems, gels having both macroporous and mesoporous structures can be obtained. Using poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) as a phase-separation inducer, macro/mesoporous silica gels were synthesized. After solvent exchange by water, the size distribution of mesopores of wet gels was evaluated by thermoporometry using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Alternatively, gels were evaporation-dried after solvent exchange by ethanol or water/ethanol, followed by heat-treatment to completely remove volatile and organic components. Characterization of the dried or heat-treated samples was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and by nitrogen adsorption measurements. Experimental results showed that the interaction between PAAm and silica is not so strong as the case of polymers having poly(oxyethylene) chains. The contribution of the secondary phase separation within the crosslinking silica-rich phase was suggested to be responsible for the mesopore formation in the PAAm-silica system.

Phase separation in Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sol-gel system incorporated with high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) 査読有り

Y. Tokudome, K. Nakanishi, K. Fujita, K. Miura, K. Hirao

Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings 1007 巻頁： 69 - 74 2008年

Phase separation in Al2O3 sol-gel system incorporated with high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) 査読有り

Yasuaki Tokudome, Kazuki Nakanishi, Koji Fujita, Kiyotaka Miura, Kazuyuki Hirao

ORGANIC/INORGANIC HYBRID MATERIALS - 2007 1007 巻頁： 69 - 74 2008年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）出版者・発行元：MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY

Pure alumina monoliths with well-defined macropores and mesostructured skeleton have been synthesized via a spontaneous route from the aqueous and ethanolic solution of aluminum salts in the presence of propylene oxide and high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO). The addition of propylene oxide to the starting solution controls the gelation, while the addition of PEO induces the phase separation. Appropriate choice of the starting composition, with which the phase separation and gelation concur, produces large-dimension (10mmx10mmx10mm), bicontinuous macroporous Al2O3 monoliths. The mean size of the continuously connected pores is controlled in the micrometer range, depending on the PEO concentration and polarity of the solution. On the other hand, micropores and mesopores, originated from the interstices among primary particles, exhibit median pore size of about 2.6 mn and the BET surface area as high as 396 m(2)/g after dried temperature at 40 degrees C.

Sol-gel synthesis of macroporous YAG from ionic precursors via phase separation route 査読有り

Tokudome, Y; Fujita, K; Nakanishi, K; Kanamori, K; Miura, K; Hirao, K; Hanada, T

JOURNAL OF THE CERAMIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN 115 巻 ( 1348 ) 頁： 925 - 928 2007年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan

Yttrium aluminum garnet, Y3Al5O12, (YAG) monoliths with well-defined macropores have been prepared from ionic precursors using the sol-gel method accompanied by phase separation. The addition of propylene oxide to the starting solution controls the gelation, while the addition of poly (ethylene oxide) induces the phase separation. Polymerization-induced phase separation and gelation concur by an appropriate selection of the starting composition, which allows the production of bicontinuous macroporous nanocomposite gels in large dimensions (∼10 × 10 × 10 mm3). During heat treatment at 800°C, the monolithic nanocomposite gels crystallize into YAG without the formation of any intermediate phases or the precipitation of impurity phases, indicating higher homogeneity of cation distribution in the dried gels. The macroporous YAG network was maintained even after heat treatment at 1000"C for 10 h.

DOI： 10.2109/jcersj2.115.925

Sur-face interaction of well-defined, concentrated poly,(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) brushes with proteins 査読有り

Yoshikawa, C; Goto, A; Tsujii, Y; Ishizuka, N; Nakanishi, K; Fukuda, T

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY 45 巻 ( 21 ) 頁： 4795 - 4803 2007年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry

The interaction of concentrated polymer brushes with proteins was chromatographically investigated. By the use of surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization, a low-polydispersity poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) was densely grafted onto the inner surfaces of silica monoliths with mesopores of about 50 and 80 nm in mean size. The graft density reached 0.4-0.5 chains/nm2. The 80-nm-mesopore monolithic column with the concentrated PHEMA brush was characterized through the elution of low-polydispersity pullulans with different molecular weights, clearly showing two modes of size exclusion, that is, one by the mesopores and the other by the brush phase. The latter mode gave a sharp separation with a critical molecular weight (size-exclusion limit) of about 1000. This molecular size of pullulan was comparable to the distance between the nearest-neighbor graft points. The elution behaviors of five proteins of different sizes (bovine serum thyroglobulin, bovine serum immunoglobulin G, bovine serum albumin, horse heart myoglobin, and bovine serum aprotinin) were studied with this PHEMA-grafted column. The smallest protein, aprotinin, with a pullulan-reduced molecular weight slightly larger than the critical value of 1000, was eluted much behind the corresponding pullulan, and this indicated that it barely got into the brush layer, suffering from a strong affinity interaction within the brush. On the other hand, the other four larger proteins were eluted at the same elution volumes as the equivalent pullulans, and this meant that they were perfectly excluded from the brush layer and separated only in the size-exclusion mode by the mesopores without an affinity interaction with the brush surface. This excellent inertness of the concentrated brush in the interaction with the large proteins should afford the system long-term stability against biofouling. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DOI： 10.1002/pola.22224

Real space observation of silica monoliths in the formation process 査読有り

Saito H., Kanamori K., Nakanishi K., Hirao K.

Journal of Separation Science 30 巻 ( 17 ) 頁： 2881 - 2887 2007年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Separation Science

The macropore structure evolution of a silica monolith during the formation process was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) for two kinds of systems. The obtained LSCM images were further subjected to image analysis, and the geometrical parameters were calculated. On the basis of the parameters obtained, improved compositions for high efficiency preparation of macroporous monoliths are discussed. © 2007 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

DOI： 10.1002/jssc.200700360

Synthesis of monolithic Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with well-defined macropores and mesostructured skeletons via the sol-gel process accompanied by phase separation 査読有り

Tokudome, Y; Fujita, K; Nakanishi, K; Miura, K; Hirao, K

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS 19 巻 ( 14 ) 頁： 3393 - 3398 2007年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Chemistry of Materials

Alumina (Al2O3) monoliths with well-defined macropores and mesostructured skeletons have been synthesized via a spontaneous route from the aqueous and ethanolic solution of aluminum salts in the presence of propylene oxide and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The addition of propylene oxide to the starting solution controls the gelation, whereas the addition of PEO induces the phase separation. Appropriate choice of the starting composition, by which the phase separation and gelation concur, allows the production of bicontinuous macroporous Al2O3 monoliths in large dimensions (10 ×10 ×10 mm3). The size of macropores is controlled in the range of 400 nm to 1.8 μm, depending on the PEO content in starting solutions. The dried gel is amorphous, whereas heating at temperatures above 800°C leads to the formation of crystalline phases without spoiling the macroporous morphology; nanocrystalline γ-Al 2O3 is precipitated at 800°C, α-Al 2O3 starts to form at 1000°C, and complete transformation into α-Al2O3 is achieved at 1100°C for 5 h. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements revealed that the skeletons of dried gels possess the mesostructure with a median pore size of about 2.6 nm and a surface area as high as 396 m2/g. Heat treatment at 300°C increases the pore size and surface area to 3.5 nm and 512 m 2/g, respectively. Even after heat treatment at 800°C, which results in the formation of nanocrystalline γ-Al2O3, the surface area is 182 m2/g, with the pore size being 4.5 nm. © 2007 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/cm063051p

Three-dimensional observation of macroporous silica gels and the study on structural formation mechanism 査読有り

Saito, H; Kanamori, K; Nakanishi, K; Hirao, K; Nishikawa, Y; Jinnai, H

COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS 300 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 245 - 252 2007年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects

Three-dimensional (3D) observation of co-continuous macropore structure was performed using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The obtained LSCM images were reconstructed into 3D images, and further subjected to image analysis. The LSCM observation and the following image analysis provided geometrical parameters of the macropore surfaces, which cannot be obtained by classical techniques for macropore characterization, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation or mercury intrusion method. Based on the obtained structural parameters, influences of viscoelastic properties on the liquid-phase structural formation mechanism were examined. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.12.075

Simple liquid chromatography using monolithic silica rod and capillary 査読有り

Oi, N; Morisato, K; Minakuchi, H; Nakanishi, K

BUNSEKI KAGAKU 56 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 227 - 229 2007年4月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Bunseki Kagaku

Simple liquid chromatography by capillary action using a monolithic silica rod and a capillary as the separation media instead of a thin-layer plate in conventional thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was examined. Possibilities of this chromatography were demonstrated by the separation of some organic compounds. Monolithic silica rod and capillary are very handy and useful as separation media for simple open liquid chromatography. © 2007 The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.

DOI： 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.56.227

Temperature-tunable scattering strength based on the phase transition of liquid crystal infiltrated in well-defined macroporous random media 査読有り

Murai, S; Fujita, K; Hirao, T; Nakanishi, K; Hirao, K

OPTICAL MATERIALS 29 巻 ( 8 ) 頁： 949 - 954 2007年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Optical Materials

Temperature dependence of scattering strength for the visible light (488 nm) has been investigated for a siloxane-based macroporous monolith infiltrated with liquid crystal molecules. A macroporous gel with interconnected pores and organosiloxane skeletons is prepared via a sol-gel route by inducing the phase separation parallel to the hydrolysis and condensation of silicon alkoxide. The interconnected macropores of the dried gel are infiltrated with liquid crystal 4-cyano-4′-n-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) which undergoes the phase transition between nematic and isotropic at 35 °C. Temperature variation of the scattering strength for 5CB-filled gel is measured by means of coherent backscattering and total transmission, both of which exhibit a significant change in transport mean free path at around the phase transition temperature of 5CB. The results indicate that the scattering strength of 5CB-filled monolith gel can be tuned externally via temperature. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.optmat.2005.11.032

　前のページ - 次のページ　

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21