Faculty Profiles - SUGIYAMA Mariko

Generation and purification of ACTH-secreting hPSC-derived pituitary cells for effective transplantation

Taga, S; Suga, H; Nakano, T; Kuwahara, A; Inoshita, N; Kodani, Y; Nagasaki, H; Sato, Y; Tsumura, Y; Sakakibara, M; Soen, M; Miwata, T; Ozaki, H; Kano, M; Watari, K; Ikeda, A; Yamanaka, M; Takahashi, Y; Kitamoto, S; Kawaguchi, Y; Miyata, T; Kobayashi, T; Sugiyama, M; Onoue, T; Yasuda, Y; Hagiwara, D; Iwama, S; Tomigahara, Y; Kimura, T; Arima, H

STEM CELL REPORTS Vol. 18 ( 8 ) page： 1657 - 1671 2023.8

Language：English Publisher：Stem Cell Reports

Pituitary organoids are promising graft sources for transplantation in treatment of hypopituitarism. Building on development of self-organizing culture to generate pituitary-hypothalamic organoids (PHOs) using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), we established techniques to generate PHOs using feeder-free hPSCs and to purify pituitary cells. The PHOs were uniformly and reliably generated through preconditioning of undifferentiated hPSCs and modulation of Wnt and TGF-β signaling after differentiation. Cell sorting using EpCAM, a pituitary cell-surface marker, successfully purified pituitary cells, reducing off-target cell numbers. EpCAM-expressing purified pituitary cells reaggregated to form three-dimensional pituitary spheres (3D-pituitaries). These exhibited high adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretory capacity and responded to both positive and negative regulators. When transplanted into hypopituitary mice, the 3D-pituitaries engrafted, improved ACTH levels, and responded to in vivo stimuli. This method of generating purified pituitary tissue opens new avenues of research for pituitary regenerative medicine.

DOI： 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.05.002

高脂肪食摂取により生じる視床下部弓状核と中脳腹側被蓋野の炎症は自発運動により抑制される

佐々木智之, 杉山摩利子, 久納光皓, 孫汝楠, 廣瀬友矩, 高木博史, 坂野僚一, 有馬寛

日本内分泌学会雑誌 Vol. 99 ( 1 ) page： 322 - 322 2023.5

線条体ニューロンにおけるPTP1Bは高脂肪食に対する報酬効果を増強する

久納光皓, 坂野僚一, 王思嫻, 佐々木智之, 孫汝楠, 廣瀬友矩, 杉山摩利子, 高木博史, 有馬寛

日本内分泌学会雑誌 Vol. 99 ( 1 ) page： 321 - 321 2023.5

Generation of hypothalamic neural stem cell-like cells in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells. International journal

Tsutomu Miwata, Hidetaka Suga, Yohei Kawaguchi, Mayu Sakakibara, Mayuko Kano, Shiori Taga, Mika Soen, Hajime Ozaki, Tomoyoshi Asano, Hiroo Sasaki, Takashi Miyata, Yoshinori Yasuda, Tomoko Kobayashi, Mariko Sugiyama, Takeshi Onoue, Hiroshi Takagi, Daisuke Hagiwara, Shintaro Iwama, Hiroshi Arima

Stem cell reports Vol. 18 ( 4 ) page： 869 - 883 2023.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

When damaged, restoring the function of the hypothalamus is currently impossible. It is unclear whether neural stem cells exist in the hypothalamus. Studies have reported that adult rodent tanycytes around the third ventricle function as hypothalamic neural stem cell-like cells. However, it is currently impossible to collect periventricular cells from humans. We attempted to generate hypothalamic neural stem cell-like cells from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We focused on retina and anterior neural fold homeobox (RAX) because its expression is gradually restricted to tanycytes during the late embryonic stage. We differentiated RAX::VENUS knockin human ESCs (hESCs) into hypothalamic organoids and sorted RAX+ cells from mature organoids. The isolated RAX+ cells formed neurospheres and exhibited self-renewal and multipotency. Neurogenesis was observed when neurospheres were transplanted into the mouse hypothalamus. We isolated RAX+ hypothalamic neural stem cell-like cells from wild-type human ES organoids. This is the first study to differentiate human hypothalamic neural stem cell-like cells from pluripotent stem cells.

DOI： 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.02.006

Mineralocorticoids induce polyuria by reducing apical aquaporin-2 expression of the kidney in partial vasopressin deficiency.

Dapagliflozinは脂質と食塩の過剰摂取によって生じる耐糖能異常を改善する

廣瀬友矩, 高木博史, 久納光皓, 佐々木智之, 孫汝楠, 杉山摩利子, 坂野僚一, 有馬寛

糖尿病 Vol. 66 ( Suppl.1 ) page： S - 232 2023.4

Junki Kurimoto, Hiroshi Takagi, Takashi Miyata, Yohei Kawaguchi, Yuichi Hodai, Tetsuro Tsumura, Daisuke Hagiwara, Tomoko Kobayashi, Yoshinori Yasuda, Mariko Sugiyama, Takeshi Onoue, Shintaro Iwama, Hidetaka Suga, Ryoichi Banno, Takeshi Katsuki, Fumiaki Ando, Shinichi Uchida, Hiroshi Arima

Endocrine journal Vol. 70 ( 3 ) page： 295 - 304 2023.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Endocrine Society

The symptoms of diabetes insipidus may be masked by the concurrence of adrenal insufficiency and emerge after the administration of hydrocortisone, occasionally at high doses. To elucidate the mechanism underlying polyuria induced by the administration of high-dose corticosteroids in the deficiency of arginine vasopressin (AVP), we first examined the secretion of AVP in three patients in whom polyuria was observed only after the administration of high-dose corticosteroids. Next, we examined the effects of dexamethasone or aldosterone on water balance in wild-type and familial neurohypophysial diabetes insipidus (FNDI) model mice. A hypertonic saline test showed that AVP secretion was partially impaired in all patients. In one patient, there were no apparent changes in AVP secretion before and after the administration of high-dose corticosteroids. In FNDI mice, unlike dexamethasone, the administration of aldosterone increased urine volumes and decreased urine osmolality. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that, after the administration of aldosterone in FNDI mice, aquaporin-2 expression was decreased in the apical membrane and increased in the basolateral membrane in the collecting duct. These changes were not observed in wild-type mice. The present data suggest that treatment with mineralocorticoids induces polyuria by reducing aquaporin-2 expression in the apical membrane of the kidney in partial AVP deficiency.

DOI： 10.1507/endocrj.EJ22-0339

Resting energy expenditure depends on energy intake during weight loss in people with obesity: a retrospective cohort study. International journal

Tomoko Handa, Takeshi Onoue, Tomoko Kobayashi, Eri Wada, Ayaka Hayase, Tamaki Kinoshita, Ayana Yamagami, Yoshinori Yasuda, Shintaro Iwama, Yohei Kawaguchi, Takashi Miyata, Mariko Sugiyama, Hiroshi Takagi, Daisuke Hagiwara, Hidetaka Suga, Ryoichi Banno, Motomitsu Goto, Hiroshi Arima

Archives of endocrinology and metabolism Vol. 67 ( 2 ) page： 233 - 241 2023.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: Resting energy expenditure (REE) decreases if there is reduced energy intake and body weight (BW). The decrease in REE could make it difficult for patients with obesity to maintain decreased BW. This study aimed to investigate the correlation among changes in REE, energy intake, and BW during the weight loss process in patients with obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized for the treatment of obesity in Japan. Patients received fully controlled diet during hospitalization and performed exercises if able. REE was measured once a week using a hand-held indirect calorimetry. Energy intake was determined by actual dietary intake. RESULTS: Of 44 inpatients with obesity, 17 were included in the analysis. Their BW decreased significantly after 1 week (-4.7 ± 2.0 kg, P < 0.001) and 2 weeks (-5.7 ± 2.2 kg, P < 0.001). The change in REE after 1 and 2 weeks was positively correlated with the energy intake/energy expenditure ratio (r = 0.66, P = 0.004 at 1 week, r = 0.71, P = 0.002 at 2 weeks). Using a regression equation (y = 0.5257x - 43.579), if the energy intake/energy expenditure ratio within the second week was 82.9%, the REE after 2 weeks was similar to the baseline level. There was no significant correlation between the change in REE and BW. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that changes in REE depend on energy intake/energy expenditure ratio and that the decrease in REE can be minimized by matching energy intake to energy expenditure, even during the weight loss process.

DOI： 10.20945/2359-3997000000532

放射線治療とパシレオチドの併用が奏功したクッシング病の1例

村瀬萌絵, 安田康紀, 杉山摩利子, 永田雄一, 竹内和人, 井下尚子, 有馬寛

日本内分泌学会雑誌 Vol. 98 ( 5 ) page： 1401 - 1401 2023.3

Knockdown of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP leads to the death of parvocellular AVP/CRH neurons in mice. International journal

Yohei Kawaguchi, Daisuke Hagiwara, Tetsuro Tsumura, Takashi Miyata, Tomoko Kobayashi, Mariko Sugiyama, Takeshi Onoue, Yoshinori Yasuda, Shintaro Iwama, Hidetaka Suga, Ryoichi Banno, Valery Grinevich, Hiroshi Arima

Journal of neuroendocrinology Vol. 35 ( 1 ) page： e13223 2023.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is expressed in both magnocellular (magnAVP) and parvocellular AVP (parvAVP) neurons of the paraventricular nucleus, and AVP colocalizes with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) only in the parvocellular neurons. The immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP) is a major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone which regulates the unfolded protein response under ER stress. We previously demonstrated that knockdown of BiP in magnAVP neurons exacerbated ER stress, which resulted in the autophagy-associated cell death of magnAVP neurons. Using the same approach, in the present study we examined the role of BiP in mouse parvAVP/CRH neurons. Our data demonstrate that BiP is expressed in mouse parvAVP/CRH neurons under nonstress conditions and is upregulated in proportion to the increase in CRH expression after adrenalectomy. For BiP knockdown in parvAVP/CRH neurons, we utilized a viral approach in combination with shRNA interference. Knockdown of BiP expression induced ER stress in parvAVP/CRH neurons, as reflected by the expression of C/EBP homologous protein. Furthermore, BiP knockdown led to the loss of parvAVP/CRH neurons after 4 weeks. In summary, our results demonstrate that BiP plays a pivotal role in parvAVP/CRH neurons, which function as neuroendocrine cells producing a large number of secretory proteins.

DOI： 10.1111/jne.13223

Mineralocorticoids induce polyuria by reducing apical aquaporin-2 expression of the kidney in partial vasopressin deficiency

Kurimoto Junki, Takagi Hiroshi, Miyata Takashi, Kawaguchi Yohei, Hodai Yuichi, Tsumura Tetsuro, Hagiwara Daisuke, Kobayashi Tomoko, Yasuda Yoshinori, Sugiyama Mariko, Onoue Takeshi, Iwama Shintaro, Suga Hidetaka, Banno Ryoichi, Katsuki Takeshi, Ando Fumiaki, Uchida Shinichi, Arima Hiroshi

ENDOCRINE JOURNAL Vol. 70 ( 3 ) page： 295 - 304 2023

Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into hypothalamic vasopressin neurons with minimal exogenous signals and partial conversion to the naive state. International journal

Hajime Ozaki, Hidetaka Suga, Mayu Sakakibara, Mika Soen, Natsuki Miyake, Tsutomu Miwata, Shiori Taga, Takashi Nagai, Mayuko Kano, Kazuki Mitsumoto, Takashi Miyata, Tomoko Kobayashi, Mariko Sugiyama, Takeshi Onoue, Hiroshi Takagi, Daisuke Hagiwara, Shintaro Iwama, Ryoichi Banno, Genzo Iguchi, Yutaka Takahashi, Keiko Muguruma, Haruhisa Inoue, Hiroshi Arima

Scientific reports Vol. 12 ( 1 ) page： 17381 - 17381 2022.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (FNDI) is a degenerative disease of vasopressin (AVP) neurons. Studies in mouse in vivo models indicate that accumulation of mutant AVP prehormone is associated with FNDI pathology. However, studying human FNDI pathology in vivo is technically challenging. Therefore, an in vitro human model needs to be developed. When exogenous signals are minimized in the early phase of differentiation in vitro, mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs)/induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiate into AVP neurons, whereas human ESCs/iPSCs die. Human ESCs/iPSCs are generally more similar to mouse epiblast stem cells (mEpiSCs) compared to mouse ESCs. In this study, we converted human FNDI-specific iPSCs by the naive conversion kit. Although the conversion was partial, we found improved cell survival under minimal exogenous signals and differentiation into rostral hypothalamic organoids. Overall, this method provides a simple and straightforward differentiation direction, which may improve the efficiency of hypothalamic differentiation.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-22405-8

Elevated TSH level, TgAb and prior use of ramucirumab or TKIs as risk factors for thyroid dysfunction in PD-L1 blockade. International journal

Tomoko Kobayashi, Shintaro Iwama, Ayana Yamagami, Yoshinori Yasuda, Takayuki Okuji, Masaaki Ito, Xin Zhou, Masahiko Ando, Takeshi Onoue, Takashi Miyata, Mariko Sugiyama, Daisuke Hagiwara, Hidetaka Suga, Ryoichi Banno, Tetsunari Hase, Masahiro Morise, Takanori Ito, Toyone Kikumori, Megumi Inoue, Yuichi Ando, Norikazu Masuda, Hiroki Kawashima, Naozumi Hashimoto, Hiroshi Arima

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Vol. 107 ( 10 ) page： E4115 - E4123 2022.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: Thyroid dysfunction is frequently caused by treatment with anti-programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 antibodies (PD-L1-Abs) as well as anti-cancer drugs, including ramucirumab (RAM) and multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (multi-TKIs), which are often used prior to PD-L1-Ab treatment in cancer patients. METHODS: A total of 148 patients treated with PD-L1-Abs were evaluated for anti-thyroid antibodies at baseline and for thyroid function every six weeks for 24 weeks after treatment initiation and then were observed until the visits stopped. RESULTS: Of the 148 patients, 15 (10.1%) developed thyroid dysfunction after PD-L1-Ab treatment (destructive thyroiditis in eight and hypothyroidism without preceding thyrotoxicosis in seven). The prevalences of an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level at baseline (3/15 [20.0%] vs. 4/133 [3.0%], p < 0.05), positive anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) at baseline (4/15 [26.7%] vs. 5/133 [3.8%], p < 0.05) and prior treatment with RAM or multi-TKIs (3/15 [20.0%] vs. 5/133 [3.8%], p < 0.05) were significantly higher in patients with versus without thyroid dysfunction. In a multivariate analysis, elevated TSH level at baseline, TgAb positivity at baseline and prior treatment with RAM or multi-TKIs were significantly associated with the development of thyroid dysfunction, with odds ratios of 7.098 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.154-43.638), 11.927 (95% CI, 2.526-56.316) and 8.476 (95% CI, 1.592-45.115), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this real-world study suggest that the risk of thyroid dysfunction induced by PD-L1-Abs can be predicted by the TSH level at baseline, TgAb positivity at baseline and prior treatment with RAM or multi-TKIs.

DOI： 10.1210/clinem/dgac467

Inflammation in VTA Caused by HFD Induces Activation of Dopaminergic Neurons Accompanied by Binge-like Eating. International journal

Runan Sun, Mariko Sugiyama, Sixian Wang, Mitsuhiro Kuno, Tomoyuki Sasaki, Tomonori Hirose, Takashi Miyata, Tomoko Kobayashi, Taku Tsunekawa, Takeshi Onoue, Yoshinori Yasuda, Hiroshi Takagi, Daisuke Hagiwara, Shintaro Iwama, Hidetaka Suga, Hiroshi Arima

Nutrients Vol. 14 ( 18 ) 2022.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Binge eating is a characteristic symptom observed in obese individuals that is related to dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons (DNs). Intermittent administration of a high-fat diet (HFD) is reported to induce binge-like eating, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We generated dopaminergic neuron specific IKKβ deficient mice (KO) to examine the effects of inflammation in DNs on binge-like eating under inflammatory conditions associated with HFD. After administration of HFD for 4 weeks, mice were fasted for 24 h, and then the consumption of HFD was measured for 2 h. We also evaluated that the mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines, glial markers, and dopamine signaling-related genes in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and striatum. Moreover, insulin was administered intraventricularly to assess downstream signaling. The consumption of HFD was significantly reduced, and the phosphorylation of AKT in the VTA was significantly increased in female KO compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Analyses of mRNA expressions revealed that DNs activity and inflammation in the VTA were significantly decreased in female KO mice. Thus, our data suggest that HFD-induced inflammation with glial cell activation in the VTA affects DNs function and causes abnormal eating behaviors accompanied by insulin resistance in the VTA of female mice.

DOI： 10.3390/nu14183835

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Deficiency Improves Glucose Homeostasis in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Leptin. International journal

Yoshihiro Ito, Runan Sun, Hiroshi Yagimuma, Keigo Taki, Akira Mizoguchi, Tomoko Kobayashi, Mariko Sugiyama, Takeshi Onoue, Taku Tsunekawa, Hiroshi Takagi, Daisuke Hagiwara, Shintaro Iwama, Hidetaka Suga, Hiroyuki Konishi, Hiroshi Kiyama, Hiroshi Arima, Ryoichi Banno

Diabetes Vol. 71 ( 9 ) page： 1902 - 1914 2022.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Leptin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes, exhibits therapeutic potential for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key enzyme that negatively regulates leptin receptor signaling. Here, the role of PTP1B in the treatment of IDDM was investigated using PTP1B deficient (KO) mice and a PTP1B inhibitor. IDDM wild-type (WT) mice induced by streptozotocin showed marked hyperglycemia compared to non-IDDM WT mice. KO mice displayed significantly improved glucose metabolism equivalent to non-IDDM WT mice, whereas peripheral or central administration of leptin partially improved glucose metabolism in IDDM WT mice. Peripheral combination therapy of leptin and a PTP1B inhibitor in IDDM WT mice improved glucose metabolism to the same level as non-IDDM WT mice. Leptin was shown to act on the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus to suppress gluconeogenesis in liver and enhance glucose uptake in both brown adipose tissue and soleus muscle via the sympathetic nervous system. These effects were enhanced by PTP1B deficiency. Thus, treatment of IDDM with leptin, PTP1B deficiency or a PTP1B inhibitor was shown to enhance leptin activity in the hypothalamus to improve glucose metabolism. These findings suggest a potential alternative therapy for IDDM.

DOI： 10.2337/db21-0953

Increased Risk of Thyroid Dysfunction by PD-1 and CTLA-4 Blockade in Patients Without Thyroid Autoantibodies at Baseline. International journal

Shintaro Iwama, Tomoko Kobayashi, Yoshinori Yasuda, Takayuki Okuji, Masaaki Ito, Masahiko Ando, Xin Zhou, Ayana Yamagami, Takeshi Onoue, Yohei Kawaguchi, Takashi Miyata, Mariko Sugiyama, Hiroshi Takagi, Daisuke Hagiwara, Hidetaka Suga, Ryoichi Banno, Tetsunari Hase, Masahiro Morise, Keiko Wakahara, Kenji Yokota, Masashi Kato, Naoki Nishio, Chie Tanaka, Kazushi Miyata, Atsushi Ogura, Takanori Ito, Tsunaki Sawada, Tomoya Shimokata, Kaoru Niimi, Fumiharu Ohka, Masatoshi Ishigami, Momokazu Gotoh, Naozumi Hashimoto, Ryuta Saito, Hitoshi Kiyoi, Hiroaki Kajiyama, Yuichi Ando, Hideharu Hibi, Michihiko Sone, Masashi Akiyama, Yasuhiro Kodera, Hiroshi Arima

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Vol. 107 ( 4 ) page： E1620 - E1630 2022.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that although the risk of thyroid dysfunction [thyroid immune-related adverse events (irAEs)] induced by anti-programmed cell death-1 antibodies (PD-1-Ab) was as low as 2% to 7% in patients negative for anti-thyroid antibodies (ATAs) at baseline, it was much higher (30%-50%) in patients positive for ATAs. However, whether a similar increase occurs with combination therapy using PD-1-Ab plus anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody (CTLA-4-Ab) is unknown. METHODS: A total of 451 patients with malignancies treated with PD-1-Ab, CTLA-4-Ab, or a combination of PD-1-Ab and CTLA-4-Ab (PD-1/CTLA-4-Abs) were evaluated for ATAs at baseline and for thyroid function every 6 weeks for 24 weeks after treatment initiation and then observed until the last clinical visit. RESULTS: Of the 451 patients, 51 developed thyroid irAEs after immunotherapy [41 of 416 (9.9%) treated with PD-1-Ab, 0 of 8 (0%) treated with CTLA-4-Ab, and 10 of 27 (37.0%) treated with PD-1/CTLA-4-Abs]. The cumulative incidence of thyroid irAEs was significantly higher in patients who were positive vs negative for ATAs at baseline after both PD-1-Ab [28/87 (32.2%) vs 13/329 (4.0%), P < 0.001] and PD-1/CTLA-4-Abs [6/10 (60.0%) vs 4/17 (23.5%), P < 0.05] treatments. The risk of thyroid irAEs induced by PD-1/CTLA-4Abs, which was significantly higher than that induced by PD-1-Ab, in patients negative for ATAs at baseline was not statistically different from that induced by PD-1-Ab in patients positive for ATAs at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the incidence of thyroid irAEs was high and not negligible after PD-1/CTLA-4-Abs treatment even in patients negative for ATAs at baseline.

DOI： 10.1210/clinem/dgab829

Functional lactotrophs in induced adenohypophysis differentiated from human iPS cells. Reviewed International journal

Natsuki Miyake, Takashi Nagai, Hidetaka Suga, Satoko Osuka, Takatoshi Kasai, Mayu Sakakibara, Mika Soen, Hajime Ozaki, Tsutomu Miwata, Tomoyoshi Asano, Mayuko Kano, Ayako Muraoka, Natsuki Nakanishi, Tomoko Nakamura, Maki Goto, Yoshinori Yasuda, Yohei Kawaguchi, Takashi Miyata, Tomoko Kobayashi, Mariko Sugiyama, Takeshi Onoue, Daisuke Hagiwara, Shintaro Iwama, Akira Iwase, Naoko Inoshita, Hiroshi Arima, Hiroaki Kajiyama

Endocrinology Vol. 163 ( 3 ) 2022.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Prolactin (PRL), a hormone involved in lactation, is mainly produced and secreted by the lactotrophs of the anterior pituitary (AP) gland. We previously reported a method to generate functional adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing cells by differentiating the AP and hypothalamus simultaneously from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, PRL-producing cells in the induced AP have not been investigated. Here, we confirmed the presence of PRL-producing cells and evaluated their endocrine functions. We differentiated pituitary cells from human iPSCs using serum-free floating culture of embryoid-like aggregates with quick reaggregation (SFEB-q) method and evaluated the appearance and function of PRL-producing cells. Secretion of PRL from the differentiated aggregates was confirmed, which increased with further culture. Fluorescence immunostaining and immunoelectron microscopy revealed PRL-producing cells and PRL-positive secretory granules, respectively. PRL secretion was promoted by various prolactin secretagogues such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and prolactin-releasing peptide, and inhibited by bromocriptine. Moreover, the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic nerves in the hypothalamic tissue area around the center of the aggregates connecting to PRL-producing cells indicated the possibility of recapitulating PRL regulatory mechanisms through the hypothalamus. In conclusion, we generated pituitary lactotrophs from human iPSCs; these displayed similar secretory responsiveness as human pituitary cells in vivo. In the future, this is expected to be used as a model of human PRL-producing cells for various studies, such as drug discovery, prediction of side effects, and elucidation of tumorigenic mechanisms using disease-specific iPSCs. Furthermore, it may help to develop regenerative medicine for the pituitary gland.

DOI： 10.1210/endocr/bqac004

Predicting non-insulin-dependent state in patients with slowly progressive insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Reply to Sugiyama K and Saisho Y [letter]. International journal

高脂肪食摂取に伴う中脳腹側被蓋野の炎症は絶食後の摂餌量を増加させる

孫汝楠, 杉山摩利子, 佐々木智之, 廣瀬友矩, 恒川卓, 高木博史, 坂野僚一, 有馬寛

肥満研究 Vol. 27 ( Suppl. ) page： 342 - 342 2022.3

Eri Wada, Takeshi Onoue, Tamaki Kinoshita, Ayaka Hayase, Tomoko Handa, Masaaki Ito, Mariko Furukawa, Takayuki Okuji, Tomoko Kobayashi, Shintaro Iwama, Mariko Sugiyama, Hiroshi Takagi, Daisuke Hagiwara, Hidetaka Suga, Ryoichi Banno, Motomitsu Goto, Hiroshi Arima

Diabetologia Vol. 65 ( 1 ) page： 252 - 253 2022.1

Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes identified by glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies: a retrospective cohort study. International journal

Diabetologia Vol. 64 ( 10 ) page： 2183 - 2192 2021.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Patients with GAD antibodies (GADAb) showing clinical features of type 2 diabetes typically exhibit progression to an insulin-dependent state in several months or years. This condition is diagnosed as slowly progressive insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus (SPIDDM) or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, a subtype of adult-onset autoimmune diabetes. However, some patients diagnosed with adult-onset autoimmune diabetes do not progress to an insulin-dependent state. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to identify patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes among those diagnosed with adult-onset autoimmune diabetes using measurable indicators in routine clinical practice. METHODS: We surveyed data from the electronic medical records of all patients with GADAb from eight medical centres in Japan for selecting and analysing patients who matched the diagnostic criteria of SPIDDM. RESULTS: Overall, 345 patients were analysed; of these, 162 initiated insulin therapy (insulin therapy group), whereas 183 did not (non-insulin therapy group) during the follow-up period (median 3.0 years). Patients in the non-insulin therapy group were more likely to be male and presented a later diabetes onset, shorter duration of diabetes, higher BMI, higher blood pressure levels, lower HbA1c levels, lower GADAb levels and lesser antidiabetic agent use than those in the insulin therapy group when GADAb was first identified as positive. A Cox proportional hazards model showed that BMI, HbA1c levels and GADAb levels were independent factors for progression to insulin therapy. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that 86.0% of the patients with diabetes having GADAb who presented all three factors (BMI ≥ 22 kg/m2, HbA1c < 75 mmol/mol [9.0%] and GADAb <10.0 U/ml) did not require insulin therapy for 4 years. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Higher BMI (≥22 kg/m2), lower HbA1c (<75 mmol/mol [9.0%]) and lower GADAb levels (<10.0 U/ml) can predict a non-insulin-dependent state for at least several years in Japanese patients with diabetes having GADAb.

DOI： 10.1007/s00125-021-05516-1