記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Heterocycles  

Mesothelioma is a severe tumor formed in pleura and peritoneum, for which no useful molecular-targeting therapy is available. We synthesized several derivatives of NMDI14, which is a reported inhibitor for non-sense mediated mRNA decay, and evaluated the activity of the NMDI14 derivatives as potential anti-mesothelioma agents. Some of the synthesized compounds showed promising activity in terms of cytotoxicity toward mesothelioma model cells and promotion of GAS5 expression selectively in mesothelioma cells. These results indicate that the NMDI14 derivatives may be useful for further developing clinically effective anti-mesothelioma drugs.

DOI： 10.3987/COM-19-14191

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin  

Efficient methods for delivery of antisense DNA or small interfering RNA (siRNA) are highly needed. Cationic materials, which are conventionally used for anionic oligonucleotide delivery, have several drawbacks, including aggregate formation, cytotoxicity and a low endosome escape efficiency. In this report a bio-reactive mask (i.e., disulfide unit) for cationic amino groups was introduced, and the mask was designed such that it was removed at the target cell surface. Insolubility and severe cellular toxicity caused by exposed cationic groups are avoided when using the mask. Moreover, the disulfide unit used to mask the cationic group enabled direct delivery of oligonucleotides to the cell cytosol. The molecular design reported is a promising approach for therapeutic applications.

DOI： 10.1248/cpb.c19-00811

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CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Angewandte Chemie - International Edition  

Development of intracellular delivery methods for antisense DNA and siRNA is important. Previously reported methods using liposomes or receptor-ligands take several hours or more to deliver oligonucleotides to the cytoplasm due to their retention in endosomes. Oligonucleotides modified with low molecular weight disulfide units at a terminus reach the cytoplasm 10 minutes after administration to cultured cells. This rapid cytoplasmic internalization of disulfide-modified oligonucleotides suggests the existence of an uptake pathway other than endocytosis. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the modified oligonucleotides are efficiently internalized into the cytoplasm through disulfide exchange reactions with the thiol groups on the cellular surface. This approach solves several critical problems with the currently available methods for enhancing cellular uptake of oligonucleotides and may be an effective approach in the medicinal application of antisense DNA and siRNA.

DOI： 10.1002/anie.201900993

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ChemBioChem  

Controlling PCR fidelity is an important issue for molecular biology and high-fidelity PCR is essential for gene cloning. In general, fidelity control is achieved by protein engineering of polymerases. In contrast, only a few studies have reported controlling fidelity using chemically modified nucleotide substrates. In this report, we synthesized nucleotide substrates possessing a modification on Pγ and evaluated the effect of this modification on PCR fidelity. One of the substrates, nucleotide tetraphosphate, caused a modest decrease in Taq DNA polymerase activity and the effect on PCR fidelity was dependent on the type of mutation. The use of deoxyadenosine tetraphosphate enhanced the A : T→G : C mutation dramatically, which is common when using Taq polymerase. Conversely, deoxyguanosine tetraphosphate (dG4P) suppressed this mutation but increased the G : C→A : T mutation during PCR. Using an excess amount of dG4P suppressed both mutations successfully and total fidelity was improved.

DOI： 10.1002/cbic.202200572

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry  

We herein report a new synthetic method for nucleoside oligophosphates based on electrophilic activation of 5′-phosphorothioate nucleotides. The treatment of phosphorothioate with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) efficiently afforded the key activated species, electrophilic thioester nucleotides (EPT-Ns), which were coupled with various phosphate reagents to afford the target nucleoside oligophosphates, including an mRNA cap analog.

DOI： 10.1039/d2ob02260e

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters  

The medicinal applications of siRNAs have been intensively examined but are still hindered by their low molecular stability under biological conditions and off-target effects, etc. The introduction of chemical modifications to the nucleoside is a promising strategy for solving these limitations. Herein, we describe the development of a new uridine analog, U*, that has a (methylthiomethoxy)methoxy group at the 2′ position. The phosphoramidite reagent corresponding to U* was easily synthesized and the RNA oligonucleotides containing U* were stably prepared using a standard protocol for oligonucleotide synthesis. The introduction of U* into the siRNA resulted in positive or negative effects on the targeted gene silencing in a position-dependent manner, and the positive effects were attributed to the improved stability under biological conditions. The thermodynamic analysis of the U*-modified RNAs revealed a slight destabilization of the dsRNA, based depending on which U was strategically utilized to restrain the off-target effects of the siRNA. This study describes a rare example of nucleoside analogs with a large substitution at the 2′-position in the context of an siRNA application and is informative for the development of other analogs to further improve the molecular properties of siRNAs for medicinal applications.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128939

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：American Chemical Society (ACS)  

Removing immunogenic uncapped mRNA from in vitro transcribed mRNA is critical in mRNA research and clinical applications. Commonly used capping methods provide a maximum capping efficiency of around 80-90% for widely used Cap-0- and Cap-1-type mRNAs. However, uncapped and capped mRNA possesses almost identical physicochemical properties, posing challenges to their physical separation. Herein, we developed hydrophobic photocaged tag-modified cap analogs, which separated capped mRNA from uncapped mRNA by reversed-phase HPLC. Subsequent photo-irradiation recovers footprint-free native capped mRNA. This approach provided 100% capping efficiency even in Cap-2-type mRNA with versatility applicable to 650 nt and 4,247 nt mRNA. The Cap-2-type mRNA showed up to 3 to 4-fold higher translational activity in cultured cells and animals than mRNA prepared by the standard capping method. Notably, the purification process simultaneously removed immunogenic double-stranded mRNA, another major contaminant of in vitro transcribed mRNA, drastically reducing mRNA immunogenicity in cultured cells.

DOI： 10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-vfjt6

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ChemMedChem  

Synthetic phosphate-derived functional groups are important for controlling the function of bioactive molecules in vivo. Herein we describe the development of a new type of biocompatible phosphate analog, a fluorophosphoramidate (FPA) functional group that has characteristic P−F and P−N bonds. We found that FPA with a primary amino group was relatively unstable in aqueous solution and was converted to a monophosphate, while FPA with a secondary amino group was stable. Furthermore, by improving the molecular design of FPA, we developed a reaction in which a secondary amino group is converted to a primary amino group in the intracellular environment and clarified that the FPA group functions as a phosphate prodrug of nucleoside. Various FPA-gemcitabine derivatives were synthesized and their toxicity to cancer cells were evaluated. One of the FPA-gemcitabine derivatives showed superior toxicity compared with gemcitabine and its ProTide prodrug, which methodology is widely used in various nucleoside analogs, including anti-cancer and anti-virus drugs.

DOI： 10.1002/cmdc.202200188

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACS Chemical Biology  

Site-specific chemical modification of mRNA can improve its translational efficiency and stability. For this purpose, it is desirable to develop a complete chemical synthesis method for chemically modified mRNA. The key is a chemical reaction that introduces a cap structure into the chemically synthesized RNA. In this study, we developed a fast and quantitative chemical capping reaction between 5′-phosphorylated RNA and N7-methylated GDP imidazolide in the presence of 1-methylimidazole in the organic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide. It enabled quantitative preparation of capping RNA within 3 h. We prepared chemically modified 107-nucleotide mRNAs, including N6-methyladenosine, insertion of non-nucleotide linkers, and 2′-O-methylated nucleotides at the 5′ end and evaluated their effects on translational activity in cultured HeLa cells. The results showed that mRNAs with non-nucleotide linkers in the untranslated regions were sufficiently tolerant to translation and that mRNAs with the Cap_2 structure had higher translational activity than those with the Cap_0 structure.

DOI： 10.1021/acschembio.1c00996

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ChemBioChem  

We have found that antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA molecules modified with repeat structures of disulfide units can be directly introduced into the cytoplasm and exhibit a suppressive effect on gene expression. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism of cellular uptake of these membrane-permeable oligonucleotides (MPONs). Time-course analysis by confocal microscopy showed that the uptake of MPONs from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm reached 50 % of the total uptake in about 5 min. In addition, analysis of the plasma membrane proteins to which MPONs bind, identified several proteins, including voltage-dependent anion channel. Next, we analyzed the behavior of MPONs in the cell and found them to be abundant in the nucleus as early as 24 h after addition with the amount increasing further after 48 and 72 h. The amount of MPONs was 2.5-fold higher than that of unmodified oligonucleotides in the nucleus after 72 h. We also designed antisense oligonucleotides and evaluated the effect of MPONs on mRNA exon skipping using DMD model cells; MPONs caused exon skipping with 69 % efficiency after 72 h, which was three times higher than the rate of the control. In summary, the high capacity for intracytoplasmic and nuclear translocation of MPONs is expected to be useful for therapeutic strategies targeting exon skipping.

DOI： 10.1002/cbic.202100413

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ChemBioChem  

Chemical ligation reaction of DNA is useful for the construction of long functional DNA using oligonucleotide fragments that are prepared by solid phase chemical synthesis. However, the unnatural linkage structure formed by the ligation reaction generally impairs the biological function of the resulting ligated DNA. We achieved the complete chemical synthesis of 78 and 258 bp synthetic DNAs via multiple chemical ligation reactions with phosphorothioate and haloacyl-modified DNA fragments. The latter synthetic DNA, coding shRNA for luciferase genes with a designed truncated SV promoter sequence, successfully induced the expected gene silencing effect in HeLa cells.

DOI： 10.1002/cbic.202100312

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ChemMedChem  

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although treatments against HIV infection are available, AIDS remains a serious disease that causes many deaths annually. Although a variety of anti-HIV drugs have been synthesized and marketed to treat HIV-infected patients, nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), which mimic nucleosides, are used extensively and remain a subject of interest to medicinal chemists. However, HIV has acquired drug resistance against NRTIs, and thus the struggle to find novel therapies continues. In this review, we trace the trajectory of NRTIs, focusing on the synthesis, mechanisms of action and applications of NRTIs that have been developed.

DOI： 10.1002/cmdc.202000695

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その他リンク： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/cmdc.202000695

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Angewandte Chemie - International Edition  

Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) with phosphorothioate modification (PS-mRNA) to the phosphate site of A, G, C, and U with all 16 possible combinations were prepared, and the translation reaction was evaluated using an E. coli cell-free translation system. Protein synthesis from PS-mRNA increased in 12 of 15 patterns when compared with that of unmodified mRNA. The protein yield increased 22-fold when the phosphorothioate modification at A/C sites was introduced into the region from the 5′-end to the initiation codon. Single-turnover analysis of PS-mRNA translation showed that phosphorothioate modification increases the number of translating ribosomes, thus suggesting that the rate of translation initiation (rate of ribosome complex formation) is positively affected by the modification. The method provides a new strategy for improving translation by using non-natural mRNA.

DOI： 10.1002/anie.202007111

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その他リンク： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/anie.202007111

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation  

Can current simulations quantitatively predict the stability of ribonucleic acids (RNAs)? In this research, we apply a free-energy perturbation simulation of RNAs containing inosine, a modified ribonucleic base, to the derivation of RNA nearest-neighbor parameters. A parameter set derived solely from 30 simulations was used to predict the free-energy difference of the RNA duplex with a mean unbiased error of 0.70 kcal/mol, which is a level of accuracy comparable to that obtained with parameters derived from 25 experiments. We further show that the error can be lowered to 0.60 kcal/mol by combining the simulation-derived free-energy differences with experimentally measured differences. This protocol can be used as a versatile method for deriving nearest-neighbor parameters of RNAs with various modified bases.

DOI： 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00270

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Chemical Communications  

Circular RNA without a stop codon enables rolling circle translation. To produce circular RNAs, we carried out one-pot chemical synthesis of circular RNA from RNA fragments with the use of an EDC/HOBt-based chemical ligation reaction. The synthesized circular RNAs acted as translation templates, despite the presence of unnatural phosphoramidate linkages.

DOI： 10.1039/d0cc02140g

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids  

Eukaryotic mRNA has a cap structure at the 5′ end and a poly(A) tail at the 3′ end. The cap and poly(A) tail form a complex with multiple translation factors, and mRNA forms a circularized structure called a closed-loop model. This circularized structure reportedly not only stabilizes mRNA but also promotes ribosome recycling during translation, which improves translation efficiency. We designed an artificial mRNA that forms a circularized structure without a cap structure and poly(A) tail and found that its translational efficiency was improved compared with that of a sequence without the circularized structure in a eukaryotic translation system.

DOI： 10.1080/15257770.2019.1671593

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：RNA Biology  

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play essential roles in the regulation of gene function by a mechanism known as RNA silencing. In a previous study, we revealed that miRNA-mediated silencing efficacy is correlated with the combinatorial thermodynamic properties of the miRNA seed–target mRNA duplex and the 5´-terminus of the miRNA duplex, which can be predicted using ‘miScore’. In this study, a robust refined-miScore was developed by integrating the thermodynamic properties of various miRNA secondary structures and the latest thermodynamic parameters of wobble base-pairing, including newly established parameters for I:C base pairing. Through repeated random sampling and machine learning, refined-miScore models calculated with either melting temperature (Tm) or free energy change (ΔG) values were successfully built and validated in both wild-type and adenosine-to-inosine edited miRNAs. In addition to the previously reported contribution of the seed–target duplex and 5´-terminus region, the refined-miScore suggests that the central and 3´-terminus regions of the miRNA duplex also play a role in the thermodynamic regulation of miRNA-mediated silencing efficacy.

DOI： 10.1080/15476286.2019.1678364

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Royal Society of Chemistry ({RSC})  

We herein report a new approach for RNA interference, so-called "build-up RNAi" approach, where single-strand circular RNAs with a photocleavable unit or disulfide moiety were used as siRNA precursors. The advantages of using these circular RNA formats for RNAi were presented in aspects of immunogenicity and cellular uptake.

DOI： 10.1039/c9cc04872c

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Taylor & Francis  

PMID: 31298608

DOI： 10.1080/15257770.2019.1641205

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/ange.201900993

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ChemBioChem  

Glutathione S-transferase π (GSTP 1-1 ) is overexpressed in many types of cancer and is involved in drug resistance. Therefore, GSTP 1-1 is an important target in cancer therapy, and many GST inhibitors have been reported. We had previously developed an irreversible inhibitor, GS-ESF, as an effective GST inhibitor; however, its cellular permeability was too low for it to be used in inhibiting intracellular GST. We have now developed new irreversible inhibitors by introducing sulfonyl fluoride (SF) into chloronitrobenzene (CNB). The mechanism of action was revealed to be that CNBSF first reacts with glutathione (GSH) through an aromatic substitution in the cell, then the sulfonyl group on the GSH conjugate with CNBSF reacts with Tyr108 of GST to form a sulfonyl ester bond. Our new inhibitor irreversible inhibited GSTP 1-1 both in vitro and in cellulo with a long duration of action.

DOI： 10.1002/cbic.201800671

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その他リンク： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3609-602X

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory  

DOI： 10.1101/454124

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin  

Chemical ligation of oligonucleotides (ONs) is the key reaction for various ON-based technologies. We have tried to solve the problems of RNA interference (RNAi) technology by applying ON chemical ligation to RNAi. We designed a new RNAi system, called intracellular buildup RNAi (IBR-RNAi), where the RNA fragments are built up into active small-interference RNA (siRNA) in cells through a chemical ligation reaction. Using the phosphorothioate and iodoacetyl groups as reactive functional groups for the ligation, we achieved RNAi effects without inducing immune responses. Additionally, we developed a new chemical ligation for IBR-RNAi, which affords a more native-like structure in the ligated product. The new ligation method should be useful not only for IBR-RNAi but also for the chemical synthesis of biofunctional ONs.

DOI： 10.1248/cpb.c17-00615

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CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：生命科学系学会合同年次大会運営事務局  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Chemical Communications  

We herein report the first covalent G-site-binding inhibitor for GST, GS-ESF (1), which irreversibly inhibited the GSTP1-1 function. LC-MS/MS and X-ray structure analyses of the covalently linked GST-inhibitor complex suggested that 1 reacted with Tyr108 of GSTP1-1. The mechanism of covalent bond formation was discussed based on MD simulation results.

DOI： 10.1039/c7cc05829b

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Nucleic Acids Research  

We developed a new approach for chemical ligation of oligonucleotides using the electrophilic phosphorothioester (EPT) group. A nucleophilic phosphorothioate group on oligonucleotides was converted into the EPT group by treatment with Sanger's reagent (1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene). EPT oligonucleotides can be isolated, stored frozen, and used for the ligation reaction. The reaction of the EPT oligonucleotide and an amino-modified oligonucleotide took place without any extra reagents at pH 7.0-8.0 at room temperature, and resulted in a ligation product with a phosphoramidate bond with a 39-85% yield. Thismethod has potential uses in biotechnology and chemical biology.

DOI： 10.1093/nar/gkx459

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/cbic.201500448

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1021/ol401810b

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/bph.12102

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：KOREAN CHEMICAL SOC  

Two types of resin-conjugated Tamiflu analogs were synthesized by modifying our original synthetic route of oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu). The prepared resins bound to influenza virus neuraminidase, the main target of Tamiflu. The resins will be useful for isolating and identifying presumed endogenous vertebrate proteins that interact with Tamiflu, which might relate to the rarely observed abnormal behavior exhibited by some influenza patients treated with Tamiflu.

DOI： 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.03.588

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

A resin linked with the Tamiflu core was synthesized by modifying our original synthetic route Of oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu). The prepared resin bound to the influenza virus enzyme neuraminidase, the main target of Tamiflu. The immobilized Tamiflu analog will be useful for isolating and identifying presumed endogenous vertebrate proteins that interact with Tamiflu, which might relate to the abnormal behavior exhibited by some influenza patients treated with Tamiflu. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.01.142

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/anie.200804777

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J-GLOBAL

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）   出版者・発行元：生命科学系学会合同年次大会運営事務局  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

J-GLOBAL

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

J-GLOBAL