Faculty Profiles - TANIKAWA, Hiroki

CO2 uptake estimation in Japan's cement lifecycle Reviewed Open Access

Sawa, D; Yamashita, N; Tanikawa, H; Daigo, I; Maruyama, I

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION Vol. 486 2025.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Cleaner Production

Carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) uptake by cement-containing products has attracted significant interest as an important source of CO<inf>2</inf> absorption. This study provides an advanced estimation of CO<inf>2</inf> uptake during the cement lifecycle in Japan by incorporating dynamic material stock-flow analysis into the model. Concrete stock-flow and CO<inf>2</inf> uptake from 1870 to 2070 are estimated by reflecting country-specific characteristics such as concrete mix design, surface-to-volume ratio of buildings, presence or absence of coating resins and/or covering materials, and exposure climate. Annual CO<inf>2</inf> uptake in the cement lifecycle was estimated to be 2.6 million tonnes/year in 2020, corresponding to 13.9% of CO<inf>2</inf> emissions from calcination during cement production. Annual CO<inf>2</inf> uptake by in-use concrete accounted for 86.8% of the total in 2020, whereas that by end-of-life concrete was relatively small throughout the estimation period. CO<inf>2</inf> uptake is expected to increase slightly in the late 2020s, then decrease to 2.3 to 2.4 million tonnes/year by 2070. Our results were lowered by comparing those of previous studies, suggesting that the most critical aspect was affected by the local climate. The high-precision analysis highlighted the importance of integrating local climate factors, surface-to-volume ratio of structures based on the domestic design guidelines and examples, and modeling of end-of-life concrete, providing fundamental knowledge for incorporating CO<inf>2</inf> uptake into the carbon-neutral strategy of Japanese cement industry.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.144542

Assessment of theResearch Paper Impact on Future Construction Material Inflow and CO2 Emissions due to Changes in the Retention Time of Buildings Reviewed Open Access

FUJIKAWA Nana, YAMASHITA Naho, SHIRAKAWA Hiroaki, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Environmental Information Science Vol. 53 ( 4 ) page： 66 - 73 2024.12

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Center for Environmental Information Science

Buildings and infrastructures require a large amount of construction materials and the strategic management of those material stock accumulated in urban structures is very important to realize decarbonized society and material-cycle society. This study aims to estimate the amount of material stock and flow of buildings in the entire Japan and evaluate the impact of lifespan extension of buildings on the future material circulation and CO2 emissions. As results, it was found that the scenario expecting the lifespan extension of in-use stocks, the amount of CO2 emissions in 2100 will be reduced by about 50% compared with the scenario which keeps the current lifespan of buildings. On the other hand, there were no differences among scenarios due to the management of the obsolete stock.

DOI： 10.11492/eis.53.4_66

Global material flows and resource productivity: The 2024 update Reviewed Open Access

Schandl, H; Marcos-Martinez, R; West, J; Miatto, A; Lutter, S; Lieber, M; Giljum, S; Lenzen, M; Li, MY; Wang, HM; Tanikawa, H; Krausmann, F; Eisenmenger, N; Fischer-Kowalski, M

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 28 ( 6 ) page： 2012 - 2031 2024.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Industrial Ecology

Accurate assessments of global primary material extraction, trade of primary materials and products, material use, waste, and emissions support the development of policies that facilitate the decoupling of economic activity, natural resource use, and related environmental impacts. Here, we quantify all crucial aspects of global and country-by-country material requirements needed to fuel economic activities, covering both territorial- and demand-based indicators. These data have been assembled by a consortium of research partners that compile the global material flow and resource productivity online database for the International Resource Panel, which contributes to the global dataset for the System of Environmental–Economic Accounting (SEEA) framework and is employed to monitor progress for the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators 8.4 and 12.2. We present the main findings of the 2024 update, including methodological improvements and result differences, and discuss the main findings and limitations. Since the last update, we have identified a slowing of global materials extraction since about 2014, a continuation of solid growth in direct trade of materials and products, persistent inequality in resource use between high- and low-income countries, and a prolonged improvement in global material productivity. The full dataset used herein can be downloaded from the Global Material Flow Database hosted by the United Nations Environment Program International Resource Panel.

DOI： 10.1111/jiec.13593

An interlinked dynamic model of timber and carbon stocks in Japan's wooden houses and plantation forests Reviewed Open Access

Yamashita, N; Fishman, T; Kayo, C; Tanikawa, H

SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION Vol. 52 page： 314 - 323 2024.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Sustainable Production and Consumption

Carbon absorption in growing trees is an important element of a carbon-neutral society, and the long-term storage of carbon stocks is a crucial sustainability challenge. Previous studies have focused on either live-biomass carbon stocks in plantation forests or anthropogenic carbon stocks in man-made objects. For a comprehensive nature-based climate solution, an analytical framework, dataset, and scenario setup for modeling the interrelationship between timber supply and demand are required. This study developed an interlinked material flow analysis model in which the timber demand for wooden houses is connected with timber supply from managed plantation forestry. We demonstrate the model by quantifying both live-biomass and anthropogenic carbon stocks and their potentials in Japan. We compared multiple scenario-runs of the model for wooden house demands estimated by population change with varying combinations of house types, structures, and lifespans. Our results show that carbon stocks will reach a maximum amount of 1.1 billion t-C by 2050 in a scenario of high demand for wooden detached houses with lifespan extensions. On the other hand, we also found that the aging of plantation forests and their reduced carbon-stocking capacities appear inevitable in any scenario owing to the limited demand for timber. Notably, despite the widely different settings of the various scenarios, our results exhibited narrow variances in future potential carbon storage in Japan. This can be explained by the unique population characteristics and building demographics of Japan. These counterintuitive findings highlight the need for interrelated modeling of the forestry and construction sectors. Our model and its scope are versatile and applicable to other case study areas, estimation periods, and target materials.

DOI： 10.1016/j.spc.2024.11.003

From expansion to efficiency: Machine learning-based forecasting of Japan's building material stocks under demographic declines Reviewed

Wang, L; Zhang, RR; Liu, ZW; Shirakawa, H; Tanikawa, H

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT Vol. 951 page： 175634 2024.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Science of the Total Environment

Japan's unique demographic trajectory, marked by population decline and aging, coupled with continued urbanization, presents distinct challenges for aligning built environment capacity with resource efficiency. This study aims to investigate the historical evolution and project future scenarios of building material stock (MS) and their spatial distribution across Japan's three major metropolitan areas. Through a comprehensive material flow and stock analysis, the historical accumulation of building materials from 2009 to 2020 was quantified, revealing a dominance of concrete and an increasing overall stock. The contributions of various driving factors to changes in construction areas were explored, identifying population dynamics as the predominant influence. Leveraging shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios (SSPs), this research forecasted building floor area and MS until 2050 under five distinct SSPs. The results indicated an overall reduction across all scenarios, yet with a continued concentration in high-density urban cores. The substantial gap between the highest and lowest projected MS scenarios highlighted opportunities for material conservation and emission reductions through sustainable practices. Sustainable urban development in densely populated regions necessitates a balance between infrastructure provision and environmental conservation, while in sparsely populated areas, the focus shifts to the efficient management and utilization of vacant properties and materials to cope with the impacts of significant population declines. By offering insights into the building floor area and MS implications of Japan's demographic changes, this study underscores the necessity of sustainable urban planning and resource management strategies to navigate the challenges posed by demographic shifts, ultimately contributing to sustainable development and environmental conservation goals.

DOI： 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175634

Dynamic analysis of carbon emissions from construction and demolition activities in Japan: Revealed by high-resolution 4D-GIS modeling Reviewed

Adaptive Nighttime-Light-Based Building Stock Assessment Framework for Future Environmentally Sustainable Management Reviewed Open Access

Zhiwei Liu, Jing Guo, Ruirui Zhang, Yuya Ota, Sota Nagata, Hiroaki Shirakawa, Hiroki Tanikawa

Remote Sensing Vol. 16 ( 13 ) 2024.7

Bai, YY; Yamashita, N; Guo, J; Nagata, S; Shirakawa, H; Tanikawa, H

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Vol. 360 page： 121099 2024.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Environmental Management

To meet the 2050 decarbonization target of the global buildings and construction sector, more attention is needed to reduce carbon emissions from construction and demolition. However, current national carbon accounting studies for these activities remain limited in spatial granularity and localized applicability. This study developed a bottom-up spatiotemporal database of carbon emissions from building construction and demolition in Japan via integrating a geographic information system-based building stock model, statistical data, and survey information. Focusing on municipal-level emissions, the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index approach was used to decompose spatiotemporal variations and identify the contributing factors. Results indicate that carbon emissions from Japan's construction and demolition activities fell by more than 50% between 2005 and 2020, largely due to declining new/demolished-to-stock ratio, suggesting a transition to a stock-based society. Central cities' reliance on carbon-intensive buildings positively contributed to spatial variations in their construction emissions, underscoring the importance of sustainable materials and timber designs. Differences between prefectures in demolition emission intensity highlighted the strategic placement of recycling facilities in key regions to curb transportation-related emissions. Overall, these findings provided data reference for local governments to devise tailored policies for managing construction and demolition emissions.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121099

将来の人口変化とインフラの退蔵化リスク Reviewed

喜古響, 蛭田有希, 山下奈穂, 白川博章, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 Vol. 53 ( 1 ) page： 132 - 132 2024.4

気候変動を考慮した洪水ハザードエリアに賦存する建築物ストックの将来推計 Reviewed

細川莉来, 蛭田有希, 山下奈穂, 白川博章, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 Vol. 53 ( 1 ) page： 121 - 121 2024.4

Mapping and modelling global mobility infrastructure stocks, material flows and their embodied greenhouse gas emissions Reviewed Open Access

Wiedenhofer, D; Baumgart, A; Matej, S; Virag, D; Kalt, G; Lanau, M; Tingley, DD; Liu, ZW; Guo, J; Tanikawa, H; Haberl, H

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION Vol. 434 2024.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Cleaner Production

Roads and rail-based mobility infrastructures are the basis for mobility services and underpin several Sustainable Development Goals, but also induce material use and greenhouse gas emissions. To date, no stock-flow consistent study has assessed globally accumulated stocks of mobility infrastructures, associated material flows and emissions, and their spatial patterns. We present global findings on material stocks for all roads, rail-based infrastructures, incl. tunnels and bridges, and model associated material flows and their embodied emissions for the year 2021. The stock-flow consistent model combines crowd-sourced Open Street Maps data with archetypical infrastructure designs, material compositions, assumptions on lifetimes and network growth rates, incl. uncertainty ranges. We derive spatially explicit, national-level stock estimates for 180 countries, map them at a resolution of 5 arcminutes, and derive material flows and their embodied emissions at the country-level. We find that 314 [218–403] Gt of materials (41 [28–53] tons/cap) have accumulated in global mobility infrastructure, the majority in roads as aggregates and asphalt. Stocks are unequally distributed between countries, from averages of 23 [16–30] tons/cap in low income countries, to 130 [89–164] tons/cap in high income countries. Spatial inequality of per capita stocks per area differs by orders of magnitude, from 101-104 between rural, suburban, and dense urban areas. We find that 8 [4–16] Gt/year of material flows are due to expansion and maintenance, amounting to 6 [3–10] % of global resource extraction. These translate into 0.36 [0.19–0.69] Gt CO<inf>2</inf>eq/year, or 1 [0.5–1.9] % of global GHG emissions in 2021. Approximately two-thirds of these flows result from maintenance and replacement of stocks, indicating an important lock-in of resource use due to already existing infrastructure stocks. These findings support the crucial role of improving spatial planning, limiting stock expansion and (sub-)urbanization, to achieve more sustainable resource use and mitigate climate change.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139742

Indicator Development and Integrated Assessment of Environmental, Economic, and Social Aspects for Establishing a Sound Material-cycle Society

HASHIMOTO Seiji, KONDO Yasushi, AOKI-SUZUKI Chika, TANIKAWA Hiroki, TAKAGI Shigesada, NAKANISHI Shotaro, TANIGUCHI Yuri

Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan Vol. 20 ( 1 ) page： 19 - 28 2024

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Institute of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan

This article provides a summay of research supported by Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (JPMEERF20193002). First, the study proposed a group of material flow and stock indicators based on six cross-sections of material life cycle: resource input from the environment, raw material input to production processes, raw material utilization in production processes, product use, end-of-life product treatment, and waste emissions to the environment. After material flow database were developed for major materials, the proposed indicators were applied to demonstrate their usefulness. Second, the study developed methodologies to evaluate integrated efforts for the environment, economy, and society. As for a methodology based on input-output analysis, it was applied to major resource recycling efforts to demonstrate its usefulness. As for an indicator "market size of business for a Sound Material-cycle Society," the study proposed the new target business and its classification with the trial estimations. Third, the circular economy indicators used in the major European countries were reviewed to provide a database of indicators and discuss improvement in international comparability. The indicator database includes definitions, calculation methods, and necessary data. Differences in the definitions of major indicators in Japan and Europe were examined and necessary measures to improve comparability were proposed.

DOI： 10.3370/lca.20.19

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Material Stock and Flow on Construction Sector in Flood Hazard Areas Open Access

HOSOKAWA Riko, NAGATA Sota, SHIRAKAWA Hiroaki, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Japanese Journal of JSCE Vol. 80 ( 26 ) page： n/a 2024

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers

Understanding the stock and flow on construction sector in flood hazard areas is important for assessing future flood damage and considering land use regulations in flood hazard areas. This study estimated material stock and flow on construction sector at the individual building level and revealed the trends in flood hazard areas. As a result, the building stock in flood hazard areas increased from 2003 to 2020, accounting for approximately 42% of the total national building stock. Especially, the stock of non-durable low-rise wooden buildings in hazard areas with flooding depth of over 3 meters had reached over 195 million tons nationwide by 2020. It was evident that the stock turnover rate is similar both inside and outside flood hazard areas, indicating that buildings have been constructed without considering flood risk.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejj.24-26023

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON DISASTER DEBRIS POTENTIAL USING SHARED SOCIOECONOMIC PATHWAYS Open Access

HIRAYAMA Nagahisa, SHIRAKAWA Hiroaki, YAMASHITA Naho, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Japanese Journal of JSCE Vol. 80 ( 26 ) page： n/a 2024

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers

In this study, the impact of climate change and land use change on disaster debris potential was assessed using inundation depth data from flood inundation analysis by socioeconomic scenario, SSP (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway). As a result, it was pointed out that climate change can increase the amount of disaster debris potential from 1.10 to 1.30 in 2031 to 2050 and from 1.06 to 1.43 in 2081 to 2100, compared to the 1981 to 2000 base climate. The effect of population distribution on the amount of disaster debris potential was analyzed, and it was indicated that the amount of disaster debris potential due to climate change decreases due to population decrease, however, the disaster risk in terms of the amount of disaster debris per capita can increase.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejj.24-26002

Paving the way to the future: Mapping historical patterns and future trends of road material stock in Japan Reviewed

Ruirui Zhang, Naho Yamashita, Zhiwei Liu, Jing Guo, Yuki Hiruta, Hiroaki Shirakawa, Hiroki Tanikawa

Science of The Total Environment Vol. 903 page： 166632 - 166632 2023.12

Obsolescence Risk Assessment of Infrastructure Stocks: A Case Study of Japan's Sewer Pipes Reviewed

YAMASHITA Naho, MATSUSHIRO Tatsuki, HIRUTA Yuki, SHIRAKAWA Hiroaki, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Papers on Environmental Information Science Vol. ceis37 ( 0 ) page： 70 - 77 2023.12

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Center for Environmental Information Science

The aging of urban structures such as buildings and infrastructures has been getting serious in these years. Those material stocks should be appropriately maintained for a long period of time, however, budget constraints and labor shortage due to population decline seem to make the situation more difficult. This study aims to estimate the amount of Japan's sewer pipe stock and compare the obsolescence risk with combinations of soundness of the existing stock and population forecast among prefectures. As results, the amount of sewer pipe stock was estimated to be 115 million t in 2018, and the rates of aged stock requiring urgent maintenance were 29% for concrete pipes and 13% for PVC pipes, respectively. Obsolescence risk was high in Hokkaido, Nara, Yamaguchi, Miyazaki and Kagoshima, indicating that those especially need deliberate countermeasures for a long-term stock management.

DOI： 10.11492/ceispapers.ceis37.0_70

Material Stock and Flow Estimation by Identifying the Congruency of Urban Structures between Generations Reviewed

OTA Yuya, YAMASHITA Naho, HIRUTA Yuki, SHIRAKAWA Hiroaki, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Papers on Environmental Information Science Vol. ceis37 ( 0 ) page： 195 - 201 2023.12

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Center for Environmental Information Science

The accumulation of material stocks within cities raises concerns about the potential future generation of a significant volume of waste. That is caused by the aging of urban structures and the increasing occurrence of natural disasters caused by climate change. Quantifying urban structures stock plays an imperative role in predicting future inflows and outflows, as well as formulating appropriate maintenance and management plans. In this study, Geographic Information System (GIS) was utilized to estimate and reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of construction material stocks in buildings and infrastructures across Japan. The estimated material stock in buildings was 11,800 million tons, while infrastructure accounted for 7,400 million tons in 2020. Moreover, the newly constructed floor area of buildings in a year was 117 million square meters, with 76 million square meters of demolished floor area over the period from 2016 to 2020.

DOI： 10.11492/ceispapers.ceis37.0_195

Sustainable assessment and resource recycling opportunities identification for China's pig industry: Integrating environmental, economic and social perspectives Reviewed

Bai, YY; Zhai, YJ; Zhang, TZ; Ren, K; Jia, YK; Zhou, XY; Cheng, ZY; Tanikawa, H; Hong, JL

SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION Vol. 39 page： 425 - 437 2023.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Sustainable Production and Consumption

Livestock plays a vital role in the livelihoods and nutritional security of people worldwide and leads to significant environmental challenges. Manure management is a major hurdle for sustainable livestock development and serves as a critical source of natural fertilizer and green energy. Given that pork accounts for the highest meat production and consumption share, this study systematically evaluates China's pig production and main manure resource utilization scenarios from life-cycle environmental, economic, and social perspectives. Results show that China's pig production poses considerable potential environmental risks, primarily in the categories of fossil depletion, freshwater ecotoxicity, particulates formation, global warming, and water depletion. Feed production coupled with traditional manure treatment scenario contributes to 94.4 %–98.4 % of the key environmental impact categories and socioeconomic impact, with 32.0 % to 38.3 % of the economic costs also stemming from feed costs. In the energy utilization scenario, the potential benefits of fossil depletion and global warming categories resulting from the replacement of synthetic fertilizers with manure-based organic fertilizers in the traditional pig manure treatment scenario could be expanded by 89.6 % and 39.2 %, respectively. China's pig production contributed 0.72 % of the national carbon emissions in 2020. Fully utilizing energy potential and organic fertilizer from pig manure would achieve 0.63 % of national carbon reduction potential, as well as an economic benefit of $1.45 × 1012 and a social benefit of $8.89 × 109. Precision feeding technology, rebuilding the spatial connection between pig farms and arable land, and internalizing external costs were recommended to ensure the sustainable development of China's pig industry.

DOI： 10.1016/j.spc.2023.05.018

Uncovering urban transportation infrastructure expansion and sustainability challenge in Bangkok: Insights from a material stock perspective Reviewed

Khumvongsa, K; Guo, J; Theepharaksapan, S; Shirakawa, H; Tanikawa, H

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 27 ( 2 ) page： 476 - 490 2023.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Industrial Ecology

Development of transportation infrastructure that extends roads and railways in Bangkok has overlooked the negative environmental impact of construction material accumulation. To analyze the extent of this impact, we originally established road and railway's material intensity coefficients and investigated spatially explicit roadway and railway material stock (MS) for the years of 2004, 2009, 2014, 2019, and 2037, based upon the master plans’ target year. We further analyzed how MS evolution relates to the city's socio-economic indicators and CO<inf>2</inf> emission. Significant growth is found in transportation MS during 2004–2019, and roadways particularly increased from 122 to 164 million metric tons (Mt). The master plans would require 43 and 6.55 Mt construction materials for roadway and railway extension, respectively, by 2037. More material-intensive roads (cross-provincial highways and major local roads) built to the suburbs of the cities and underground/elevated structures of the mass rapid transit system in dense urban areas will require three times the annual cement and steel consumption of that in the 2004–2019 period. Furthermore, a 2–3 fold increase in the number of registered vehicles and associated CO<inf>2</inf> emissions during the study period have brought questions to the transportation infrastructure MS efficiency. The findings of this study will enable informed decision-making regarding the concern of resource consumption and for considering environmentally friendly approaches in urban transportation planning for Bangkok and other developing cities.

DOI： 10.1111/jiec.13342

Does Deep Learning Enhance the Estimation for Spatially Explicit Built Environment Stocks through Nighttime Light Data Set? Evidence from Japanese Metropolitans Reviewed

日本における建設資材ストック・フローの時空間分析 Reviewed

太田裕也, 山下奈穂, 蛭田有希, 白川博章, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 Vol. 52 ( 1 ) page： 120 - 120 2023.3

滞留年数の延長による資源循環及び気候変動緩和への影響評価 Reviewed

藤川奈々, 山下奈穂, 蛭田有希, 白川博章, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 Vol. 52 ( 1 ) page： 119 - 119 2023.3

Liu, ZW; Saito, R; Guo, J; Hirai, C; Haga, C; Matsui, T; Shirakawa, H; Tanikawa, H

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Vol. 57 ( 9 ) page： 3971 - 3979 2023.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Environmental Science and Technology

Built environment stocks have attracted much attention in recent decades because of their role in material and energy flows and environmental impacts. Spatially refined estimation of built environment stocks benefits city management, for example, in urban mining and resource circularity strategy making. Nighttime light (NTL) data sets are widely used and are regarded as high-resolution products in large-scale building stock research. However, some of their limitations, especially blooming/saturation effects, have hampered performance in estimating building stocks. In this study, we experimentally proposed and trained a convolution neural network (CNN)-based building stock estimation (CBuiSE) model and applied it to major Japanese metropolitan areas to estimate building stocks using NTL data. The results show that the CBuiSE model is capable of estimating building stocks at a relatively high resolution (approximately 830 m) and reflecting spatial distribution patterns, although the accuracy needs to be further improved to enhance the model performance. In addition, the CBuiSE model can effectively mitigate the overestimation of building stocks arising from the blooming effect of NTL. This study highlights the potential of NTL to provide a new research direction and serve as a cornerstone for future anthropogenic stock studies in the fields of sustainability and industrial ecology.

DOI： 10.1021/acs.est.2c08468

Spatial-temporal dynamics of the built environment toward sustainability: A material stock and flow analysis in Chinese new and old urban areas Reviewed

Yang, D; Dang, MY; Guo, J; Sun, LW; Zhang, RR; Han, F; Shi, F; Liu, Q; Tanikawa, H

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 27 ( 1 ) page： 84 - 95 2023.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Industrial Ecology

The urban built environment has accumulated massive amounts of resources, which is the main “hot spot” of construction materials and energy consumption in cities. To effectively monitor and manage resources use and waste disposal toward sustainability, this study intended to explore different metabolic paths of the urban built environment, as well as strategies for new and old urban areas separately with the help of material stock and flow analysis. Based on snapshots of 2003, 2010, and 2017 and combined with big data, a four-dimensional geographic information system buildings database of Lixia District in Jinan, China, was compiled for bottom-up stock modeling. Finally, the environmental impact assessment of the buildings’ demolition and disposal stage was carried out. The results showed that the building material stock was 142.31 Mt in 2017, with an increase of 69% from 2003. The reinforced concrete buildings increased rapidly from 2003 to 2017, especially in new urban areas, which has boosted demand for steel and cement by more than 150% during these 15 years. The material stock of the old urban area tends to be saturated, whereas the new urban area has experienced a rapid expansion with the material inflow four times as large as the material outflow. Potential recycling of waste concrete can reduce the generation of building demolition waste by 50%, save 0.15 km2 of land occupation, increase raw material substitution by nearly 10 times, and reduce CO<inf>2</inf> emissions by 2.5 times.

DOI： 10.1111/jiec.13335

What matters most to the material intensity coefficient of buildings? Random forest‐based evidence from China Reviewed

Estimation of the Lifespan of Imported Passenger Vehicles in Mongolia Reviewed Open Access

Tulga Mendjargal, Eiji Yamasue, Hiroki Tanikawa

Sustainability Vol. 14 ( 21 ) 2022.11

Ruirui Zhang, Jing Guo, Dong Yang, Hiroaki Shirakawa, Feng Shi, Hiroki Tanikawa

Journal of Industrial Ecology Vol. 26 ( 5 ) page： 1809 - 1823 2022.10

Application of GIS and Machine Learning to Predict Flood Areas in Nigeria Reviewed Open Access

Ighile, EH; Shirakawa, H; Tanikawa, H

SUSTAINABILITY Vol. 14 ( 9 ) 2022.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Sustainability Switzerland

Floods are one of the most devastating forces in nature. Several approaches for identifying flood-prone locations have been developed to reduce the overall harmful impacts on humans and the environment. However, due to the increased frequency of flooding and related disasters, coupled with the continuous changes in natural and social-economic conditions, it has become vital to predict areas with the highest probability of flooding to ensure effective measures to mitigate impending disasters. This study predicted the flood susceptible areas in Nigeria based on historical flood records from 1985~2020 and various conditioning factors. To evaluate the link between flood incidence and the fifteen (15) explanatory variables, which include climatic, topographic, land use and proximity information, the artificial neural network (ANN) and logistic regression (LR) models were trained and tested to develop a flood susceptibility map. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate both model accuracies. The results show that both techniques can model and predict flood-prone areas. However, the ANN model produced a higher performance and prediction rate than the LR model, 76.4% and 62.5%, respectively. In addition, both models highlighted that those areas with the highest susceptibility to flood are the low-lying regions in the southern extremities and around water areas. From the study, we can establish that machine learning techniques can effectively map and predict flood-prone areas and serve as a tool for developing flood mitigation policies and plans.

DOI： 10.3390/su14095039

From efficiency to equity: Changing patterns of China's regional transportation systems from an in-use steel stocks perspective Reviewed International coauthorship

Xu, ST; Wang, HX; Tian, X; Wang, T; Tanikawa, H

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 26 ( 2 ) page： 548 - 561 2022.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Industrial Ecology

Transportation serves as a bridge for social production, distribution, exchange, and consumption and, thus, plays an important role in boosting the economy. In recent years, the rapid development of China's transportation system has driven a continuous accumulation of steel. In this study, we estimated the in-use steel stocks of 32 types of infrastructure and vehicles in three subsystems (railway, road, and subway) in 31 provinces of China from 1990 to 2019 based on a bottom-up approach. The results show that China's in-use steel stock in the transportation system has increased to 575 Mt in 2019 (34.4% for infrastructure, 65.6% for vehicle). Spatially, this increasing trend shows six diversified patterns among 31 provinces; steel stocks tend to decrease from the east to central and western inland areas. The Gini coefficient curve of the provinces’ stocks shows an inverted “U” shape over time, indicating a shrinking regional gap in recent years; this reflects a transition from efficiency to equity. We also measured the steel stock productivity (GDP per stock) in different regions and observed its diverse evolution types. The stock productivities in all regions climbed up initially, but have dropped in recent years, and the most obvious decrease is observed in western China. For eastern regions, vehicles have been the main growth point in recent years, while western regions are vigorously developing infrastructure. Our results help to illustrate the development status and spatial distribution of China's transportation system and could facilitate improved efficiency and the management of future challenges in China's transformation and development.

DOI： 10.1111/jiec.13203

Estimation of Material Stocks Based on Building Structure Determination Using Image Recognition

第24 回（2021 年度）学術大会公開シンポジウム「循環経済（サーキュラーエコノミー）とSDGs」報告 Reviewed

松本亨, 中村崇, 工藤里恵, 林志浩, 松尾康志, 藤井実, 谷川寛樹

環境共生 Vol. 38 ( 1 ) page： 119 - 124 2022.3

GIS を用いた同一性判定に基づく建築物のLCA 環境負荷の評価 Reviewed

太田裕也, 吉田英立, 白川博章, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 Vol. 51 ( 1 ) page： 117 - 117 2022.3

都市構造物ストック推計手法の再検討 Reviewed

松代竜毅, 山下奈穂, 白川博章, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 Vol. 51 ( 1 ) page： 82 - 82 2022.3

衛星画像を用いた畳み込みニューラルネットワークによる建物延床面積推計に関する研究 Reviewed

齋藤隆成, LIU Zhiwei, 平井千津子, 芳賀智宏, 松井孝典, 白川博章, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 Vol. 51 ( 1 ) page： 84 - 84 2022.3

名古屋市中心部における建設資材ストックと構造種割合の変遷 Reviewed

玉崎美結, 白川博章, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 Vol. 51 ( 1 ) page： 83 - 83 2022.3

NAGAO Masahiro, TAKEUCHI Junki, TAMASAKI Miyu, MORITA Masato, KITA Eisuke, SHIRAKAWA Hiroaki, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 78 ( 6 ) page： II_19 - II_25 2022

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers

Estimation of material stock of buildings in urban areas is important for recycling and proper disposal of resources. For the purpose of more accurate stock estimation, glasses and walls were extracted from images of building walls using a machine learning model of image recognition, and then calculated the percentage of glass in the walls based on the number of pixels in each. The classification of building structures based on the glass percentage showed that a threshold value of 67% is suitable for classifying steel-framed buildings with curtain walls. Classification result obtained from 262 buildings around Nagoya Station was used for stock estimation, and the result was compared with those calculated by the method proposed by previous study. The estimated amount of concrete decreased by 18% and the estimated amount of steel increased by 325%.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.78.6_ii_19

Compilation of Physical Input Output Table of Non-metallic Mineral Resources in Japan and Application to Material Flow Indicators Reviewed

YAMASHITA Naho, HASHIMOTO Seiji, SHIRAKAWA Hiroaki, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Human and Environmental Symbiosis Vol. 38 ( 2 ) page： 176 - 187 2021.11

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Association for Human and Environmental Symbiosis

The 4th Fundamental Plan for Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society aims to achieve exhaustive resource use though the development of new methods and indicators considering all stages of material lifecycle. In this study, material flow and stock analysis of non-metallic mineral resources and its compilation to physical input output table are conducted for the period 1990 to 2015. Also, the results are applied to 6 material flow indicators to discuss the efficiency in each stage of lifecycle. According to the results, the amount of direct material input has decreased since 1990, while the amount of domestic processed output has relatively increased in recent years. It was also found the recovery rate of used products has been over 90% since 2003. This indicates the utilization of used materials has been consistently promoted although the amount of outflow from used products has increased. The difference between the amount of outflow from statistics and estimates implies that there is a certain amount of so-called missing stock such as obsolete stock and dissipated stock. These stocks could be great concern in terms of its impact on material use time and future waste generation.

DOI： 10.32313/jahes.38.2_176

The urbanisation-environment conflict: Insights from material stock and productivity of transport infrastructure in Hanoi, Vietnam Reviewed International coauthorship Open Access

Miatto, A; Dawson, D; Nguyen, PD; Kanaoka, KS; Tanikawa, H

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Vol. 294 page： 113007 2021.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Environmental Management

Developing regions experience rapid population growth and urbanisation, which require large quantities of materials for civil infrastructure. The production of construction materials, especially for urban transport systems, however, contributes to local and global environmental change. Political agendas may overlook the environmental implications of urban expansion, as economic growth tends to be prioritised. While elevating the standard of living is imperative, decision-making without careful environmental assessments can undermine the overall welfare of society. In this study, we evaluate the material demand and in-use stock productivity for the large-scale development plan for transport infrastructure in the city of Hanoi, Vietnam, from 2010 to 2030, combining geospatial and socioeconomic data with statistics on roads and railways. The results show that the total material stock could rise threefold from 66 Tg in 2010 to 269 Tg in 2030, which roughly translates to an addition of 30 Empire State Buildings per year by mass. The materials we account are required for construction exceed the availability of local sand and will need to be gathered farther away. Furthermore, the material stock productivity of the transport infrastructure appears to have been declining overall since 2010, and this trend may continue to 2030. These findings demonstrate the importance of informing urban planning with a comprehensive assessment of construction materials demand, supply capacity, and environmental impacts. Policy priorities for improving the in-use stock productivity are also recommended towards achieving a more efficient utilisation of natural resources.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113007

Scenario Analysis of Carbon Stock in Forest and Wooden Houses—Considering the Supply and Demand of Timber— Reviewed

YAMASHITA Naho, KAYO Chihiro, TANIKAWA Hiroki

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol. 34 ( 4 ) page： 184 - 195 2021.7

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SOCIETY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, JAPAN

This paper estimates the total amount of carbon stock in forest and wooden houses of Japan throughout the years of 2017 to 2100 under various scenarios. Although the amount of carbon stock in Japan has been estimated by various approaches, most of previous researches focused either on the forest or residential buildings separately. In this study, we introduced a model which considered the impacts of the timber demand of wooden houses on the carbon stock in forest to estimate the total carbon stock. Moreover, the scenarios are set up with combination of demand for wooden houses and long lifespan. As a result, the carbon stock of the scenario with high demand of wooden houses and long lifespan reaches the largest amount of 1.1 billion t-C and shows 132 million t-C higher than BAU in 2100. On the other hand, the carbon stock of the scenario with high demand of wooden houses and current lifespan shows the smallest amount of 1.0 billion t-C in 2100. Although the increase of carbon stock is predicted to diminish as lifespan is set longer, promotion of longer lifespan for wooden houses can contribute to the growth of carbon stock.

DOI： 10.11353/sesj.34.184

EMPIRICAL RESEARCH OF RESOURCE PRODUCTIVITY DECOMPOSITION CONSIDERING MATERIAL STOCK -CASE STUDY OF JAPAN’S RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS-

High-Resolution Maps of Material Stocks in Buildings and Infrastructures in Austria and Germany Reviewed International coauthorship Open Access

Haberl, H; Wiedenhofer, D; Schug, F; Frantz, D; Virág, D; Plutzar, C; Gruhler, K; Lederer, J; Schiller, G; Fishman, T; Lanau, M; Gattringer, A; Kemper, T; Liu, G; Tanikawa, H; van der Linden, S; Hostert, P

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Vol. 55 ( 5 ) page： 3368 - 3379 2021.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Environmental Science and Technology

The dynamics of societal material stocks such as buildings and infrastructures and their spatial patterns drive surging resource use and emissions. Two main types of data are currently used to map stocks, night-Time lights (NTL) from Earth-observing (EO) satellites and cadastral information. We present an alternative approach for broad-scale material stock mapping based on freely available highresolution EO imagery and OpenStreetMap data. Maps of built-up surface area, building height, and building types were derived from optical Sentinel-2 and radar Sentinel-1 satellite data to map patterns of material stocks for Austria and Germany. Using material intensity factors, we calculated the mass of different types of buildings and infrastructures, distinguishing eight types of materials, at 10 m spatial resolution. The total mass of buildings and infrastructures in 2018 amounted to 5 Gt in Austria and 38 Gt in Germany (AT: 540 t/cap, DE: 450 t/cap). Cross-checks with independent data sources at various scales suggested that the method may yield more complete results than other data sources but could not rule out possible overestimations. The method yields thematic differentiations not possible with NTL, avoids the use of costly cadastral data, and is suitable for mapping larger areas and tracing trends over time.

DOI： 10.1021/acs.est.0c05642

Urban development and sustainability challenges chronicled by a century of construction material flows and stocks in Tiexi, China Reviewed International coauthorship

Jing Guo, Tomer Fishman, Yao Wang, Alessio Miatto, Wendy Wuyts, Licheng Zheng, Heming Wang, Hiroki Tanikawa

Journal of Industrial Ecology Vol. 25 ( 1 ) page： 162 - 175 2021.2

YAMASHITA Naho, GUO Jing, SHIRAKAWA Hiroaki, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 77 ( 6 ) page： II_23 - II_31 2021

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers

Resource productivity is a material flow index that is set as a major goal of the Fundamental Plan for Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society, but it could not well evaluate the indirect impact of the material stock that supports the material flow. A few of existing studies have conducted the resource productivity decomposition with material stock factors though, it is difficult to apply the same fashion to all types of material stock whose value greatly varies depending on its usage. In this study, we mainly considered the factors of Japan’s housing material stock, to clarify the impact of changes in housing stock on the resource productivity. The results show that the resource productivity is negatively impacted by the decrease of the service provided with a unit of housing stock and the increase of vacant houses from 2008 to 2017, while it can be improved through the prolonging the housing lifetime.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.77.6_ii_23

Life cycle assessment of cleaner production measures in monosodium glutamate production: A case study in China Reviewed International coauthorship

Dong Yang, Xuexiu Jia, Mengyuan Dang, Feng Han, Feng Shi, Hiroki Tanikawa, Jiří Jaromír, Klemeš

Journal of Cleaner Production Vol. 270 page： 122126 2020.10

日本全国の利用度別物質ストックの定量化 -住宅におけるケーススタディ- Reviewed

谷川寛樹, 山本大陸, 山下奈穂, 白川博章

土木学会論文集 G（環境） Vol. 76 ( 6 ) page： 9 - 16 2020.10

衛星夜間光情報に基づく深層学習による建築物の延べ床面積推計に関する研究 Reviewed

齋藤隆成、平井千津子、芳賀智宏、松井孝典、白川博章、谷川寛樹

土木学会論文集 G（環境） Vol. 76 ( 6 ) page： 1 - 7 2020.10

A spatiotemporal urban metabolism model for the Canberra suburb of Braddon in Australia Reviewed International coauthorship

Heinz Schandl, Raymundo Marcos-Martinez, Tim Baynes, Zefan Yu, Alessio Miatto, Hiroki Tanikawa

Journal of Cleaner Production Vol. 265 page： 121770 2020.8

Urban Buildings Material Intensity in China from 1949 to 2015 Invited Reviewed International coauthorship

Yang Dong, Jing Guo, Lingwen Sun, Feng Shi, Jingru Liu, Hiroki Tanikawa

Resources, Conservation and Recycling Vol. 159 page： 104824 2020.8

CO2 emissions from the Chinese cement sector: Analysis from both the supply and demand sides Reviewed International coauthorship

Du, T; Wang, J; Wang, HM; Tian, X; Yue, Q; Tanikawa, H

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 24 ( 4 ) page： 923 - 934 2020.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Industrial Ecology

China is the largest producer and consumer of cement worldwide, and cement production entails the release of substantial carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) emissions. As the cement sector is a crucial sector of the Chinese economy, understanding the role of supply- and demand-side factors may help accelerate efforts to mitigate CO<inf>2</inf> emissions. However, few studies have analyzed the critical factors affecting CO<inf>2</inf> emissions in the sector based on a combined supply- and demand-side perspective. In this study, we developed an integrated framework that included eleven indicators covering both the supply and demand sides. Results revealed that improving cement production technology cannot offset CO<inf>2</inf> emissions from the growth in demand for cement. Improving technology on the supply side would considerably reduce CO<inf>2</inf> emissions from Chinese cement production; nevertheless, the combination of rapid urbanization, GDP growth, and an ultra-high fixed capital formation ratio on the demand side increased CO<inf>2</inf> emissions nearly 25-fold from 1990 to 2015. Notably, some demand-side factors also had an effect that reduced CO<inf>2</inf> emissions. The in-use stock per unit of fixed capital formation and output per in-use stock reduced CO<inf>2</inf> emissions by 332 million metric tons, which is comparable to the contribution of technological progress. Based on these results, we examine why these demand-side factors substantially influence CO<inf>2</inf> emissions in the Chinese cement sector, and we provide recommendations for policy-makers on carbon-reduction measures in this CO<inf>2</inf>-intensive sector.

DOI： 10.1111/jiec.12986

Understanding and managing vacant house in support of a material stock type society-The case of Kitakyushu,Japan Invited Reviewed International coauthorship Open Access

Wendy Wuyts, Raphael Sedlitzky, Masato Morita, Hiroki Tanikawa

Sustainability Vol. 12 ( 13 ) page： 5653 2020.7

Challenges towards carbon dioxide emissions peak under in-depth socioeconomic transition in China: Insights from Shanghai Reviewed International coauthorship

Shangwei Liu, Xin Tian, Yiling Xiong, Yan Zhang, Hiroki Tanikawa

Journal of Cleaner Production Vol. 247 page： 119083 2020.2

Lost Material Stock in Buildings due to Sea Level Rise from Global Warming: The Case of Fiji Islands Reviewed International coauthorship Open Access

Merschroth, S; Miatto, A; Weyand, S; Tanikawa, H; Schebek, L

SUSTAINABILITY Vol. 12 ( 3 ) 2020.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Sustainability Switzerland

This study developed a methodology to estimate the amount of construction material in coastal buildings which are lost due to climate change-induced sea level rise. The Republic of Fiji was chosen as a case study; sea level rise is based on predictions by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for the years 2050 and 2100. This study combines the concept of a geographic information system based digital inundation analysis with the concept of a material stock analysis. The findings show that about 4.5% of all existing buildings on Fiji will be inundated by 2050 because of an expected global sea level rise of 0.22 m (scenario 1) and 6.2% by 2100 for a sea level rise of 0.63 m (scenario 2). The number of buildings inundated by 2050 is equivalent to 40% of the average number of new constructed buildings in Fiji Islands in a single year. Overall, the amount of materials present in buildings which will be inundated by 2050 is 900,000 metric tons (815,650 metric tons of concrete, 52,100 metric tons of timber, and 31,680 metric tons of steel). By 2100, this amount is expected to grow to 1,151,000 metric tons (1,130,160 metric tons of concrete, 69,760 metric tons of timber, and 51,320 metric tons of steel). The results shall contribute in enhancing urban planning, climate change adaptation strategies, and the estimation of future demolition flows in small island developing states.

DOI： 10.3390/su12030834

Estimation of the amount of disaster waste generated by Nankai Megathrust Earthquake:comparison with previous research Reviewed

NOZUE KOSUKE, Yazawa Taishi, Okuoka Keijirou, Tanikawa Hiroki, Hashimoto Seiji

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 31 ( 0 ) page： 107 2020

QUANTIFICATION OF IN-USE MATERIAL STOCK RATE - CASE STUDY OF JAPAN’S RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS -

TANIKAWA Hiroki, YAMAMOTO Hiromu, YAMASHITA Naho, SHIRAKAWA Hiroaki

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 76 ( 6 ) page： II_9 - II_16 2020

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers

For the establishment of Recycling-based Society, Stock-type Society becomes increasingly important. Material stock plays an important role in the society and serves someone well in one way, whereas it has inevitable impact on material flow. For the reason that material stock is inextricably linked with material flow, the excess material stock can induce unnecessary resource input and increase waste generation from obsolete stock. To bring down high-quality material stock for the future generation, proper management of materials stored or hibernating in the society is required. In order to grasp the status of stock, material stock should be estimated and evaluated with in-use rate. In this study, by the method of lifespan modeling approach, material stock in Japan’s residential buildings and the amount of that obsolete stock/in-use stock were estimated. As a result of the estimation, there were 5.2 billion tons of residential building in 2018. In the amount of material stock in empty houses out of residential buildings, the amount of obsolete stock was estimated at 0.3 billion ton. As the number of residential building keeps increasing, the amount of obsolete stock is expected to increase in future.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.76.6_ii_9

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD OF ESTIMATION OF TOTAL FLOOR AREA USING DEEP LEARNING BASED ON NIGHTTIME-LIGHT DATA

SAITO Ryusei, HIRAI Chizuko, HAGA Chihiro, MATSUI Takanori, SHIRAKAWA Hiroaki, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 76 ( 6 ) page： II_1 - II_7 2020

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers

In order to achieve the recycling society worldwide, it is important to analyze material stock and flow on a global scale and understand their accumulation trends and patterns. World-wide satellite images data is easily and quickly accessible, and it breaks the restriction of statistical data. Recently, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is received a lot of attentions as a technique in the analysis of satellite images. Our study made efforts to develop an advanced model for estimating the total floor area of buildings based on night light data using CNN. Three major metropolitans in Japan (Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya metropolitan area) were selected as the estimation areas and the learning areas, setting one metropolitan as learning area to estimate the buildings floor areas for the other two. And same procedure has been done three times as each metropolitan was changed to be learning area in turns. Additionally, we verified the accuracy of results to examine the effectiveness of our model. In the case of “Osaka learning for Nagoya estimation”, it was clear that the total floor area of buildings in Nagoya metropolitan area was 450 million m2, which is close to the real value and indicates our model can be useful?

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.76.6_ii_1

Transferability of Material Composition Indicators for Residential Buildings: A Conceptual Approach Based on a German-Japanese Comparison Reviewed

Extending or ending the life of residential buildings in Japan: A social circular economy approach to the problem of short-lived constructions Reviewed International coauthorship

Wendy Wuyts, Alessio Miatto, Raphael Sedlitzky, Hiroki Tanikawa

Journal of Cleaner Production Vol. 231 page： 660 - 670 2019.9

Schiller, G; Miatto, A; Gruhler, K; Ortlepp, R; Deilmann, C; Tanikawa, H

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 23 ( 4 ) page： 796 - 807 2019.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Industrial Ecology

Most anthropogenic material stocks and flows are associated with the building sector. Several recent studies have developed material composition indicators (MCIs) suitable for calculating material stocks and flows of the building sector using bottom-up approaches, which hold great potential to provide information to support resource efficiency policies. A major limitation is the lack of country-specific MCIs. This study aims to introduce a concept for a better transferability of MCI across different contexts by proposing requirements for defining MCIs and to discuss options and limits of the transferability. We take existing MCIs for residential buildings in Germany and Japan as case studies and make them comparable by applying harmonization methods. Based on that, similarities and differences are systematically identified and discussed, considering their socioeconomic, cultural, technical, and environmental factors. Our results indicate significant limitations to the transferability of MCIs for detached houses, while bigger apartment complexes show greater homogeneity despite the very different environments in which they are constructed. This indicates that while it is possible to assume foreign MCIs as plausible for large constructions, local coefficients need to be estimated for smaller single-family homes.

DOI： 10.1111/jiec.12817

A spatial analysis of material stock accumulation and demolition waste potential of buildings: A case study of Padua Reviewed

Spatially explicit material stock analysis of buildings in Eastern China metropoles Reviewed International coauthorship

Jing Guo, Alessio Miatto, Feng Shi, Hiroki Tanikawa

Resources, Conservation and Recycling Vol. 146 page： 45 - 54 2019.7

Estimating the Material Stock of Roads: The Vietnamese Case Study Reviewed International coauthorship

Thi Cuc Nguyen, Tomer Fishman, Alessio Miatto, Hiroki Tanikawa

Journal of Industrial Ecology Vol. 23 ( 3 ) page： 663 - 673 2019.6

Estimation of Mining and Landfilling Activities with Associated Overburden through Satellite Data: Germany 2000–2010 Invited Reviewed International coauthorship Open Access

Keisuke Yoshida, Keijiro Okuoka, Alessio Miatto, Liselotte Schebek, Hiroki Tanikawa

Resources Vol. 8 ( 3 ) page： 126 2019.5

Estimating the Material Stock of Roads: The Vietnamese Case Study Reviewed International coauthorship

Thi Cuc Nguyen, Tomer Fishman, Alessio Miatto, Hiroki Tanikawa

Journal of Industrial Ecology Vol. 23 ( 3 ) page： 663 - 673 2019.5

Estimation of Mining and Landfilling Activities with Associated Overburden through Satellite Data: Germany 2000–2010 Invited Reviewed International coauthorship

Keisuke Yoshida, Keijiro Okuoka, Alessio Miatto, Liselotte Schebek, Hiroki Tanikawa

Resources Vol. 8 ( 3 ) page： 126 2019.5

Spatially explicit material stock analysis of buildings in Eastern China metropoles Reviewed International coauthorship

Jing Guo, Alessio Miatto, Feng Shi, Hiroki Tanikawa

Resources, Conservation and Recycling Vol. 146 page： 45 - 54 2019.3

Miatto A.

Resources, Conservation and Recycling Vol. 142 page： 245 - 256 2019.3

A study on disparity and metabolism of construction materials using identification of buildings in Greater Tokyo Reviewed

ASAKUMA Tomoya, OKUOKA Keijiro, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 30 ( 0 ) page： 59 2019

Examination of temporary storage space by municipality in Nankai Trough huge earthquake: Case study of Osaka prefecture, Hyogo prefecture, Okayama prefecture Reviewed

Ishikawa YUSUKE, Tachio Koichi, Okuoka Keijirou, Hashimoto Seiji, Tanikawa HIroki

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 30 ( 0 ) page： 141 2019

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management

The Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred in March 2011 highlighted the problems of huge disaster waste, but the disaster waste volume of the Nankai Trough Earthquake, which is expected to occur in recent years, is up to about 11 of the Great East Japan Earthquake. It is estimated to be doubled. Essential to prompt disposal of disaster waste is securing temporary storage for disaster waste. In the Great East Japan Earthquake, and also in the Kumamoto earthquake that occurred in April 2016, the lack of temporary storage was a major issue.

DOI： 10.14912/jsmcwm.30.0_141

Anthropogenic Disturbance by Domestic Extraction of Gold Mining in Mongolia

ENKHMUNKH Ganbold, YAMASUE Eiji, MIATTO Alessio, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 75 ( 6 ) page： II_285 - II_290 2019

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers

Mining, husbandry, and construction activities are consuming a large amount of natural resources. These processes have multiple impacts on the environment, including the excavation of large areas. This research focuses on gold mining in Mongolia, and aims (1) to identify the gold mining activities and allocated them on a map, and (2) to quantify the material flows related to gold mining. Statistical datasets, sourced by the Mineral Resources of Mongolia and the National Statistical Office of Mongolia, were used to account for domestic extraction. Two methods were used for mapping mining activities: firstly, the degraded areas were identified through a geographic information system (GIS) software; secondly, the domestic extraction of gold mining was estimated by the standardized method of material flow accounting. Results indicate the Mongolian gold mining activities exploited 9,812 ha of land across 18 different provinces. In addition, 745,300 m3 of soil was excavated to produce 132 tons of gold in 2007-2017. Particularly, during this period 100.8 tonnes of green gold was extracted which means the gold extraction that does not include any chemical process and just washing soil to obtain gold. "Green Gold" is recognized as less environmental impact by the European market. This study will be beneficial to the Mongolian government to better understand the environmental burden related to the gold mining activities in the country.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.75.6_ii_285

Future Estimation of Construction By-product Using Maximum Likelihood Method by 4d-GIS -Case Study of the Central Area of Nagoya- Reviewed

Masaki Kohei, Okuoka Keijiro, Tanikawa Hiroki

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 30 ( 0 ) page： 61 2019

The Assessment of Wooden Resources with Waste Input-Output Table and Forest and Urban Dynamic Model Reviewed

Yamashita Naho, Okuoka Keijiro, Tanikawa Hiroki

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 30 ( 0 ) page： 75 2019

Sustainability indicators from resource flow trends in the Philippines Reviewed

Martinico-Perez Marianne, Faith G, Schandl Heinz, Tanikawa Hiroki

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING Vol. 138 page： 74 - 86 2018.11

Stagnating CO<inf>2</inf>emissions with in-depth socioeconomic transition in Beijing Reviewed

Wang J

Applied Energy Vol. 228 page： 1714 - 1725 2018.10

Proliferation of district heating using local energy resources through strategic building-stock management: A case study in Fukushima, Japan Reviewed

Dou Yi, Okuoka Keijiro, Fujii Minoru, Tanikawa Hiroki, Fujita Tsuyoshi, Togawa Takuya, Dong Liang

FRONTIERS IN ENERGY Vol. 12 ( 3 ) page： 411 - 425 2018.9

Global Material Flows and Resource Productivity: Forty Years of Evidence Reviewed

Schandl Heinz, Fischer-Kowalski Marina, West James, Giljum Stefan, Dittrich Monika, Eisenmenger Nina, Geschke Arne, Lieber Mirko, Wiela, Hanspeter, Schaffartzik Anke, Krausmann Fridolin, Gierlinger Sylvia, Hosking Karin, Lenzen Manfred, Tanikawa Hiroki, Miatto Alessio, Fishman Tomer

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 22 ( 4 ) page： 827 - 838 2018.8

The Socio-Economic Metabolism of an Emerging Economy: Monitoring Progress of Decoupling of Economic Growth and Environmental Pressures in the Philippines Reviewed

Marianne Faith G. Martinico-Perez, Heinz Schandl, Tomer Fishman, Hiroki Tanikawa

Ecological Economics Vol. 147 page： 155 - 166 2018.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Elsevier B.V.

In many Asian developing countries, policy makers face tension between the needs of economic growth, human development and environmental sustainability. In a similar vein, the new global agreement on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) calls for the harmonization of economic and environmental goals. To shed light on the relationship between the economy and natural resources, our research investigates the case of the Philippines, employing a material flow accounting approach based on national statistical sources. We analyze domestic extraction, trade of materials and economic development from 1980 to 2014. We also explore differences between territorial (production) and footprint (consumption) accounts. We find that the Philippine economy managed to grow while reducing material intensity because of an increasing share of services sector activities. From net resource trade dependence in the 1980s, the Philippines become a net resource provider in 2014 because of increased extraction and exports of metal ores. Overall, the material requirements grew over the past two decades at lower rate than GDP, signifying relative decoupling. The new data and indicators we present are aimed to inform the national policy agenda. They may help to formulate policies that integrate economic and environmental priorities and guide the Philippines towards achieving the SDGs.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.01.012

Anthropogenic Disturbance by Domestic Extraction of Construction Minerals in Japan Reviewed

Potential of Waste Heat Exchange Considering Industrial Location Changes: A Case of Shinchi-Soma Region in Fukushima, Japan Reviewed

Yi Dou, Minoru Fujii, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Kei Gomi, Seiya Maki, Hiroki Tanikawa

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers 2018.4

Keisuke Yoshida, Keijiro Okuoka, Hiroki Tanikawa

Journal of Industrial Ecology Vol. 22 ( 1 ) page： 145 - 154 2018.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Blackwell Publishing

Accompanying the huge amount of material accumulation in the socioeconomic sphere is anthropogenic disturbance, namely, artificial landform transformation attributed to mining, soil excavation, construction, and physical development. Anthropogenic disturbance impacts the natural environment and is strongly related to hidden material flow (HMF). However, only few studies have considered anthropogenic disturbance as the starting point of material transfer in the ecosphere. The objectives of the present study are: (1) to spatially quantify the impact of humans on the natural environment by estimating the anthropogenic disturbance attributed to mining and (2) to contribute to the knowledge of HMF by examining the phenomenon using the relatively unexplored methodology of assessing the relationship between anthropogenic disturbance and material transfer by means of a geographical information system and digital elevation model. Statistical data obtained by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan were used to account for domestic extraction. By comparing the respective results of bottom-up and top-down accountings, we estimated the potential HMF. The database developed in this study not only reflects the amount of anthropogenic disturbance and potential HMF, but also reveals their destructive effect on the environment and the spatial distribution of anthropogenic disturbance.

DOI： 10.1111/jiec.12543

Feasibility of developing heat exchange network between incineration facilities and industries in cities: Case of Tokyo Metropolitan Area Reviewed

Yi Dou, Satoshi Ohnishi, Minoru Fujii, Takuya Togawa, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Hiroki Tanikawa, Liang Dong

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION Vol. 170 page： 548 - 558 2018.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD

Energy conservation is critical for promoting urban low-carbon and sustainable development. Because a large amount of heat energy is wasted during energy conversion and transportation, the recovery of waste heat and its cascading use would substantially save resources and reduce CO2 emissions. As a typical case of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, direct extracting steam from incinerators for industrial use is considered more efficient than power generation, but hard to be popularized because of long distance heat transport. On the basis of the heat atlas, this study develops an integrated model to assess the feasibility of developing heat exchange network between incineration facilities and industries in city scale, and evaluates the impacts from land use on economic and environmental indices. The result reveals that maximum 45.2% of the incineration waste heat can be utilized to cover 13.8% of the heat consumption in industries, where annual net benefit and CO2 emission reduction could achieve 63 billion JPY (approximate to 0.6 billion USD) and 2200 kt CO2/year, respectively. However, current geographic separation between incineration facilities and industries brings a dilemma between economic and environmental benefits which will obstruct the popularization of waste heat exchange. Given this result, a cluster map to classify involved incineration facilities is provided which helps in establishing a renewal strategy considering positive land use adjustment. These results are also referable in urban planning integrated with distributed energy system as well as provide a case for promoting Urban Symbiosis. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.147

Innovative planning and evaluation system for district heating using waste heat considering spatial configuration: A case in Fukushima, Japan Reviewed

Yi Dou, Takuya Togawa, Liang Dong, Minoru Fujii, Satoshi Ohnishi, Hiroki Tanikawa, Tsuyoshi Fujita

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING Vol. 128 page： 406 - 416 2018.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Energy shortage and global climate change have created a dilemma in Japan, especially after the great earthquake of 2011 in eastern Japan. District Heating System (DHS) using waste heat is highlighted as an attractive solution. However, because of low heat demand in urban areas and the geographic separation of industries, popularizing this solution is considerably difficult in Japan. Previous studies have focused on technical improvements on existing district heating networks, but these studies lack sufficient discussion on an early-stage integrated land-use planning. Supported by technological assessment and emerging concepts of Industrial-Urban Symbiosis (I-US), this study combines the system development of DHS and land use scenarios into a symbiotic design based on inventory survey and geographic database, and conducts a cost-benefit analysis to scientifically and quantitatively evaluate the effects brought from land-use policies. Results from a case study of Shinchi Town in the Fukushima Prefecture indicate DHS using waste heat can realize significant benefits of energy saving and CO2 reduction, provided positive guidance on land use planning is implemented. Moreover, the model framework of this study also supports a quantitative assessment on policy implementation to help in decision making on urban sustainable energy planning. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.03.006

Establishing A Building Lifespan Model and Estimating Material Stocks and Flows Using 4d-GIS in the Central Area of Nagoya

OKUOKA Keijiro, NONAKA Ikko, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 74 ( 6 ) page： II_267 - II_273 2018

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers

Understanding quality and quantity of material stocks and urban metabolism, forecasting demolition waste are essential in order to establish a sound material-cycle society. The influence of socio-economic changes and geo-spatial characteristics to building lifespan are required for a detailed urban metabolism analysis. In this study, we construct an urban structure (Building, Road, Railway) database of the city center of Nagoya (approximately 12 km2) from 1949 to 2009, and we established a building lifespan model for urbam metabolism analysis considering socio-economic changes and geo-spatial characteristics parameter. As a result, we quantified the building lifespan by floor number, population density, building structure type and official discount rate. In adition, we compare and examine between the actual demolished builing data from 2003 to 2009 in Nagoya city center and result of the simulated demolished building using building lifespan model. Simulated demolished building was 4.85 Mtonnes in the actual demolished building which is 6.03 Mtonnes. Demolition judgement using building lifespan model can estimate for high rise building such as RC building.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.74.ii_267

Estimation of accumulation of construction material using identification of buildings in time-series in the Greater Tokyo Reviewed

ASAKUMA Tomoya, OKUOKA Keijiro, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Papers on Environmental Information Science Vol. ceis32 ( 0 ) page： 13 - 18 2018

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Center for Environmental Information Science

Toward the sound material-cycle society, it is required to understand the detailed distribution of material stock in urban areas over a wide range in time-series. This research estimated the replacement of construction material and visualized spatial information in timeseries in the Greater Tokyo. Total floor area of renewal construction materials is 112 million m2 (2003~2009), and 75.6 million m2 (2009~2015) using identification of buildings in time-series. Moreover, total floor area of demolished construction materials is 54.2 million m2 (2003~2009), and 46.4 million m2(2009~2015). The total floor area of renewal construction materials which estimated in this study was about 0.7-1.2 times and demolished construction materials was about 3 times compared to the Tokyo Metropolitan Statistical Annual Report.

DOI： 10.11492/ceispapers.ceis32.0_13

The Socio-Economic Metabolism of an Emerging Economy: Monitoring Progress of Decoupling of Economic Growth and Environmental Pressures in the Philippines Reviewed International coauthorship

谷川寛樹

Journal of Ecological Economics Vol. 147 page： 155 - 166 2018

Modeling material flows and stocks of the road network in the United States 1905-2015 Reviewed Open Access

Alessio Miatto, Heinz Schandl, Dominik Wiedenhofer, Fridolin Krausmann, Hiroki Tanikawa

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING Vol. 127 page： 168 - 178 2017.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the potential for a more circular economy and the application of material flow accounting to increase knowledge on materials accumulating in in-use stocks. This study assesses the dynamics of stocks and flows related to road networks, which are a significant destination for recycled construction and demolition waste.
We develop a bottom-up stock-driven model to assess long-term inflows, outflows, and materials accumulated in roads to assess requirements for construction minerals of the road network in the United States. We estimate material requirements using the expansion of the transport network as a driver, and scheduled maintenance and technological coefficients from engineering literature to assess input and output flows. We apply the model to historical data for the United States road network from 1905 to 2015 and show that the current material stock of construction minerals in the road network of the United States is 15.1 billion tonnes, growing 21-fold since 1905.
During the 20th century, the material requirements of road construction have declined from 35% to 15% of economy-wide material consumption of non-metallic minerals in the United States. The share of roads in economy-wide in-use stocks has also declined from 17% to 13%. This shows that roads, once established, remain in place and most material flows are due to extending and refurbishing them, while the construction of completely new roads makes up a much smaller part of the material flows related to the road network.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.08.024

Material Stock and Flow Analysis and its Indicators in a Stock-type Society

鉄軌道輸送システム整備に関わるマテリアルストック・フロー分析 Reviewed

金城鐘顕, 吉田圭介, 奥岡桂次郎, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学会誌 Vol. 45 ( 4 ) page： 58-63 2017.12

Tanikawa Hiroki, Daigo Ichiro, Oguchi Masahiro, Okuoka Keijiro, Takagi Shigesada

Material Cycles and Waste Management Research Vol. 28 ( 6 ) page： 431 - 437 2017.11

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management

In order to establish a “stock-type” society as opposed to a “flow-type” society, the effects of resource consumption on the natural environment must be fully understood. The research fields of material flow and stock accounting offer systematic methods for that analysis. The material flow in Japan calculated by the Ministry of Environment covers inflow, outflow, and net addition of stock (NAS) however, it does not indicate the material stock which has been accumulated within the society. Material stock is closely related to services provided to society and the resource value recycled from output to demolish the stocks. This research focuses on the importance of material stock to achieve welfare, and aims to evaluate the time-series quantity of material stock for the sake of having knowledge and information that can clarify the material stock being accumulated in Japan. Classification of material stock is examined on the basis of structural objects, instruments and services. Then, in order to measure the actual mass of material stock by year, a method of statistical processing is established at a high level, which fits national census requirements. Additionally, the question of how to figure out material stock and flow is examined at a practical level. Finally, three indicators related to material stock are proposed for supporting material flow indicators.

DOI： 10.3985/mcwmr.28.431

Material Flow Accounts and Driving Factors of Economic Growth in the Philippines Reviewed

Marianne Faith G. Martinico-Perez, Tomer Fishman, Keijiro Okuoka, Hiroki Tanikawa

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 21 ( 5 ) page： 1226 - 1236 2017.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

This study looks into material flow trends in the Philippines from 1985 to 2010 by utilizing the methodology of economy-wide material flow analysis. Using domestic data sources, this study presents disaggregated annual material flow trends in terms of four major material categories, namely: biomass; fossil energy carriers; ores and industrial minerals; and construction minerals. The results describe in detail the growth of material flows in a high-density country at the onset of its development and reveal the shift of material consumption from dominance of renewable materials in 1985 to nonrenewable materials in 2010. IPAT analysis shows that the increase in material consumption was driven by population growth from 1985 to 1998 and by growth in affluence from 1999 to 2010. However, high inequalities amidst the growing economy suggest that a small group of wealthy people have influenced the acceleration of material consumption in the Philippines. The results of this research are intended to provide a thorough analysis of the processes occurring in Philippine economic growth in order to assist in tackling implications for the important issue of sustainable resource management.

DOI： 10.1111/jiec.12496

Material stock's overburden: Automatic spatial detection and estimation of domestic extraction and hidden material flows Reviewed

Keisuke Yoshida, Tomer Fishman, Keijiro Okuoka, Hiroki Tanikawa

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING Vol. 123 page： 165 - 175 2017.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Anthropogenic material stocks are expanding at ever-increasing rates across the world, and their environmental and economic impacts draw more and more attention from academia, policy makers, and economic and environmental bodies. As the knowledge base regarding anthropogenic material stocks expands, it is important to not only comprehend the societal side of material stock growth but also its counterpart to the material balance the natural environment from which the materials used for stocks come from. However, due to difficulties of data procurement, and muted interest in materials which are considered low-value high volume, the environmental burdens related to construction minerals have received less attention so far despite the huge amounts involved. In this study, we employ geographic information systems (GIS) with digital elevation model (DEM) datasets, to form an automated method of detection and measurement of the anthropogenic disturbance of soil and earth at excavation and mining sites, which accounts not only for the material extracted for usage in the anthroposphere, but also its related unused extraction. This geographically explicit method allows to directly pinpoint the location and volume of anthropogenic disturbance. Using Japan as a case study, the results suggest that the ratio of unused extraction to used extraction may exceed 1:1 for construction minerals in Japan. We also find that the environmental effects of anthropogenic activity are bigger than natural soil disturbance by several orders of magnitude, highlighting the need to reduce raw material extraction and increase the efficient use of the existing material stock. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.09.010

Global Patterns and Trends for Non-Metallic Minerals used for Construction Reviewed

Alessio Miatto, Heinz Schandl, Tomer Fishman, Hiroki Tanikawa

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 21 ( 4 ) page： 924 - 937 2017.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

Despite accounting for almost 50% of global material use, nonmetallic minerals-mostly used for construction of buildings and infrastructure-are the material flow analysis (MFA) category with the highest uncertainty. The main reason for this is incomplete reporting in official national statistics because of ease of availability and the low per-unit cost of these materials. However, the environmental burden associated with nonmetallic minerals, which include energy use for extraction and transport, land-use change, and disposal of large amounts of construction demolition waste, call for a thorough understanding of the magnitude of nonmetallic mineral flows. Previous estimates for nonmetallic minerals have used simplistic assumptions. This study aims to increase the precision of nonmetallic mineral accounts at national and global level using consumption of bitumen, bricks, cement, and railways in combination with technical coefficients from the engineering literature to infer the actual yearly consumption of nonmetallic minerals. We estimate the extraction of nonmetallic minerals and provide uncertainty estimates for the new accounts as well as information about consumption by different sectors. Analyzing the evolution of consumption for seven world regions, we find that, in North America and Europe, the consumption of nonmetallic minerals over the past 40 years has followed the growth patterns of population, whereas for all other regions consumption has been closely related to gross domestic product (GDP). A more accurate account of global and country-by-country extraction of nonmetallic minerals may provide insights into supply shortages and inform waste management strategies for construction and demolition waste.

DOI： 10.1111/jiec.12471

EcoBalance 2016-responsible value chains for sustainability (October 3-6, 2016, Kyoto, Japan) Reviewed

Feasibility of a new-generation nighttime light data for estimating in-use steel stock of buildings and civil engineering infrastructures Reviewed Open Access

Hanwei Liang, Liang Dong, Hiroki Tanikawa, Ning Zhang, Zhiqiu Gao, Xiao Luo

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING Vol. 123 page： 11 - 23 2017.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Regional scale estimation of in-use steel stock (IUSS) using satellite observation of nighttime lights (NTL) is essential for urban resource consumption management and resource recovery monitoring. S-NPP VIIRS (Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership's Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) NTL product is newly released in 2013, which has enhancements in both spatial and radiometric resolutions compared with the DMSP-OLS (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System) NTL products. To evaluate whether these enhancements can improve the estimations of IUSS of buildings (IUSSB) and civil engineering infrastructure (IUSSCE), the S-NPP VIIRS NTL products were used to estimate IUSSB and IUSSCE at both sub-national level of Japan and national level of world, and their performances were compared with those of using DMSP-OLS radiance calibrated (RC) NTL data. Our results indicate that the S-NPP VIIRS NTL data can offer more accurate estimates of IUSSB and IUSSCE (R-2 values of 0.952 and 0.909) than those of DMSP-OLS RC NTL (R-2 of 0.929 and 0.884) at prefectural level of Japan. Similar to DMSP-OLS RC NTL product, urban NTL of S-NPP VIIRS data has a stronger relationship with IUSSB, and IUSSCE was more closely related to total NTL. At national level, S-NPP VIIRS NTL also showed better estimations of IUSSB and IUSSCE. We confirmed that dividing the world into different regional groups is also required for estimating IUSSB and IUSSCE from S-NPP VIIRS NIL For estimation of IUSSCE, two classifications including Asia region and Non-Asia region are appropriate when using S-NPP VIIRS NTL product, which is superior to DMSP-OLS RC NTL. For estimation of IUSSB, more classifications may be still required which is similar to DMSP-OLS RC NTL. Overall, our study indicated that S-NPP VIIRS data have greater capability in modeling IUSSB and IUSSCE than DMSP-OLS RC data. Our results are critical for ever-improvement of policy making on urban resource management. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.04.001

Keisuke Nansai, Masaharu Motoshita, Ichiro Daigo, Seiji Hashimoto, Kiyotada Hayashi, Keiichiro Kanemoto, Aiichiro Kashiwagi, Yoshinori Kobayashi, Shinsuke Kondo, Yuki Kudoh, Yasunari Matsuno, Hiroki Tanikawa, Eiji Yamasue, Naoki Yoshikawa

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT Vol. 22 ( 7 ) page： 1165 - 1174 2017.7

How important are realistic building lifespan assumptions for material stock and demolition waste accounts? Reviewed

Alessio Miatto, Heinz Schandl, Hiroki Tanikawa

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING Vol. 122 page： 143 - 154 2017.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Accurate assessments of construction materials stocked in the built environment have received increased attention in the Industrial Ecology literature over the past few years. Many recent models that estimate building material inflows, stock accumulation and end-of-life waste, however, rely on simplistic assumptions about the lifespan of built infrastructure. While several probability distributions have been proposed (normal, Weibull, log-normal, and so on) there is no agreement on which model is best suited for modelling the accumulation of building material stock at urban and national levels. In this study we introduce an analysis of the hazard rate of buildings and discuss alternative distribution functions to model lifespan, testing the fit of five commonly used distributions to real data from the cities of Nagoya (Japan), Wakayama (Japan), and Salford (UK). The results highlight how cities with fast replacement rates are overall best modelled by right-skewed distributions, but single cohort levels express independent behaviours based on their characteristics. We investigate the sensitivity of a top-down stock accumulation model to the choice of different distributions and input parameters uncertainties. The results show that different lifespan distribution functions result in very similar overall stock accumulation at the national level, but have large impacts on calculated demolition waste flows. Differences are more pronounced for cities and the choice of a certain distribution will significantly affect the calculation of the average lifetime. Our results suggest that top-down national material stock accounts have high reliability, and are only weakly affected by the choice of one distribution over another. For cities, it is beneficial to use a distribution based on the characteristics of the buildings analysed, with regard to density and building characteristics. Stock accumulation research would profit from future bottom-up research into building lifespans to validate top-down estimation procedures. Crown Copyright (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.01.015

Decoding the effect of socioeconomic transitions on carbon dioxide emissions: Analysis framework and application in megacity Chongqing from inland China Reviewed

Global socioeconomic material stocks rise 23-fold over the 20th century and require half of annual resource use Reviewed International coauthorship Open Access

Fridolin Krausmann, Dominik Wiedenhofer, Christian Lauk, Willi Haas, Hiroki Tanikawa, Tomer Fishman, Alessio Miatto, Heinz Schandl, Helmut Haberl

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Vol. 114 ( 8 ) page： 1880 - 1885 2017.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：NATL ACAD SCIENCES

Human-made material stocks accumulating in buildings, infrastructure, and machinery play a crucial but underappreciated role in shaping the use of material and energy resources. Building, maintaining, and in particular operating in-use stocks of materials require raw materials and energy. Material stocks create long-term pathdependencies because of their longevity. Fostering a transition toward environmentally sustainable patterns of resource use requires a more complete understanding of stock-flow relations. Here we show that about half of all materials extracted globally by humans each year are used to build up or renew in-use stocks of materials. Based on a dynamic stock-flow model, we analyze stocks, inflows, and outflows of all materials and their relation to economic growth, energy use, and CO2 emissions from 1900 to 2010. Over this period, global material stocks increased 23-fold, reaching 792 Pg (+/- 5%) in 2010. Despite efforts to improve recycling rates, continuous stock growth precludes closing material loops; recycling still only contributes 12% of inflows to stocks. Stocks are likely to continue to grow, driven by large infrastructure and building requirements in emerging economies. A convergence of material stocks at the level of industrial countries would lead to a fourfold increase in global stocks, and CO2 emissions exceeding climate change goals. Reducing expected future increases of material and energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions will require decoupling of services from the stocks and flows of materials through, for example, more intensive utilization of existing stocks, longer service lifetimes, and more efficient design.

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.1613773114

Xin Tian, Miao Chang, Feng Shi, Hiroki Tanikawa

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION Vol. 142 page： 2114 - 2124 2017.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD

Understanding the impact of dramatic socioeconomic transitions on soaring CO2 emissions is essential for developing targeted and effective CO2 mitigation policies. Taking Chongqing as a representative case in inland China, we proposed an analysis framework to evaluate the socioeconomic transition effects on CO2 emissions during the period 1997-2012. Based on the framework, we found that the industrialization process, with its rapid expansion of construction and heavy manufacturing industries, had a strong impact on the structure of CO2 emissions growth. Meanwhile, the development of transport equipment manufacturing and high-tech industry contributed to low-carbon development. The framework further showed that the urbanization process contributed to the increased CO2 emissions mainly by intensive investments in the construction sector and changing urban household consumption. Particularly, the fast-growing urban population, the urban household consumption level, as well as the associated consumption pattern transition towards a growing demand for manufacturing products, transport, shelter, and services together lead to tripled urban household consumption related CO2 emissions. These empirical results suggest that a targeted CO2 mitigation policy in Chongqing should focus on multiple significant socioeconomic driving factors with diverse leading sectors. This implication should be applicable for other inland regions with similar geographical and socioeconomic features. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.072

EcoBalance 2016 - Responsible value chains for sustainability

NANSAI Keisuke, MOTOSHITA Masaharu, DAIGO Ichiro, HASHIMOTO Seiji, HAYASHI Kiyotada, KANEMOTO Keiichiro, KASHIWAGI Aiichiro, KOBAYASHI Yoshinori, KONDO Shinsuke, KUDOH Yuki, MATSUNO Yasunari, TANIKAWA Hiroki, YAMASUE Eiji, YOSHIKAWA Naoki

Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan Vol. 13 ( 2 ) page： 180 - 189 2017

ESTABLISHMENT OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL SUBWAY GIS DATA FOR INUNDATION ANALYSIS IN URBAN AREA Reviewed

SUGIMOTO Kenji, OKUOKA Keijiro, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 73 ( 5 ) page： I_283-I_289 2017

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

 The development of the city occurs not only above ground but also underground. Underground infrastructure is especially vulnerable to flood damage, caused by extreme events and natural disasters, as it forms the lowest layer un the hierarchy of urban structure. However, despite the increasing importance of urban inundation analysis, the lack of availability of data regarding underground space restricted analysis in previous studies. In this study, we established three-dimensional GIS data of subways using records and drawings of construction, which can be used for underground infrastructure inundation analysis in urban areas. Utilizing this established three-dimensional subway GIS data, we modeled and analyzed the areas of subway stations and train lines to be inundated by the projected Nankai Trough Earthquake. 82% of Nagoya city's Meiko Line close to the coastal area is expected to be submerged by an over 1m-deep flooding, and tsunami run-up through the train line is estimated to occur.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.73.I_283

ESTIMATION OF LOST BUILDING STOCK DUE TO THE 2016 KUMAMOTO EARTHQUAKES Reviewed

SUGIMOTO Kenji, OKUOKA Keijiro, AKIYAMA Yuki, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 73 ( 6 ) page： II_293-II_300 2017

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

 In order to restore and redevelop areas affected by natural disasters, understanding of the material inputs needed to restore the community back to a pre-disaster state and a plan for efficient disaster waste disposal are needed. Lost building stocks were estimated for Kumamoto Prefcture, which suffered severe damage by 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes, by estimating the spatial distribution of building stocks using a micro-building data, overlaying the distribution of seismic intensity, and framing the result in a collapse fragility curve. The result showed that 58% of building stocks in Kumamoto Prefecture were standing on areas that recorded a strong motion of seismic intensity 6-upper, and lost stocks form collapsed or damaged buildings amounted to 260.7 million ton, and it was revealed that half of the stocks were concrete by material.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.73.II_293

The influence of wood use promotion on carbon fixation in urban and forest:Case study in Tokai district using geographical information Reviewed

ONO Satoshi, OKUOKA Keijiro, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Papers on Environmental Information Science Vol. 31 ( 0 ) page： 13-18 2017

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Wood has an important role in realizing a low-carbon society. This study estimated carbon stocks in urban and forest areas with a view to promoting wood use. The study involved network analysis using a geographic information system in forest areas and urban areas. The study explored six scenarios, including the substitution of wooden houses for non-wooden houses and extending the life span of houses. One scenario showed that substituting three percent of non-wooden houses and doubling the life span of wooden houses could fix 160 million tons of carbon. Moreover, this study visualized the gap between supply and demand for wood in urban and forest areas and analyzed the spatial distribution of supply and demand.

DOI： 10.11492/ceispapers.ceis31.0_13

Feasibility of a new-generation nighttime light data for estimating in use steel stock of buildings and civil engineering infrastructures Reviewed International coauthorship

谷川寛樹

Resources Conservation and Recycling Vol. online 2017

Estimating Materials Stocked by Land-Use Type in Historic Urban Buildings Using Spatio-Temporal Analytical Tools Reviewed

Kimberlee A. Marcellus-Zamora, Patricia M. Gallagher, Sabrina Spatari, Hiroki Tanikawa

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 20 ( 5 ) page： 1025 - 1037 2016.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

The construction industry is an important contributor to urban economic development and consumes large volumes of building material that are stocked in cities over long periods. Those stocked spaces store valuable materials that may be available for recovery in the future. Thus quantifying the urban building stock is important for managing construction materials across the building life cycle. This article develops a new approach to urban building material stock analysis (MSA) using land-use heuristics. Our objective is to characterize buildings to understand materials stocked in place by: (1) developing, validating, and testing a new method for characterizing building stock by land-use type and (2) quantifying building stock and determining material fractions. We conduct a spatial MSA to quantify materials within a 2.6-square-kilometer section of Philadelphia from 2004 to 2012. Data were collected for buildings classified by land-use type from many sources to create maps of material stock and spatial material intensity. In the spatial MSA, the land-use type that returned the largest footprint (by percentage) and greatest (number) of buildings were civic/institutional (42%; 147) and residential (23%; 275), respectively. The model was validated for total floor space and the absolute overall error (n = 46; 20%) in 2004 and (n = 47; 24%) in 2012. Typically, commercial and residential land-use types returned the lowest overall error and weighted error. We present a promising alternative method for characterizing buildings in urban MSA that leverages multiple tools (geographical information systems [GIS], design codes, and building models) and test the method in historic Philadelphia.

DOI： 10.1111/jiec.12327

Stochastic Analysis and Forecasts of the Patterns of Speed, Acceleration, and Levels of Material Stock Accumulation in Society Reviewed

Tomer Fishman, Heinz Schandl, Hiroki Tanikawa

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Vol. 50 ( 7 ) page： 3729 - 3737 2016.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER CHEMICAL SOC

The recent acceleration of urbanization and industrialization of many parts of the developing world, most notably in Asia, has resulted in a fast-increasing demand for and accumulation of construction materials in society. Despite the importance of physical stocks in society, the empirical assessment of total material stock of buildings and infrastructure and reasons for its growth have been underexplored in the sustainability literature. We propose an innovative approach for explaining material stock dynamics in society and create a country typology for stock accumulation trajectories using the ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) methodology, a stochastic approach commonly used in business studies and economics to inspect and forecast time series. This enables us to create scenarios for future demand and accumulation of building materials in society, including uncertainty estimates. We find that the so-far overlooked aspect of acceleration trends of material stock accumulation holds the key to explaining material stock growth, and that despite tremendous variability in country characteristics, stock accumulation is limited to only four archetypal growth patterns. The ability of nations to change their pattern will be a determining factor for global sustainability.

DOI： 10.1021/acs.est.5b05790

Understanding Tsunami Damage as "Lost Stock" Reviewed

Tanikawa H.

Disaster Resilient Cities: Concepts and Practical Examples page： 85-97 2016.3

The Metabolism Analysis of Urban Building by 4d-GIS - A Useful Method for New-type Urbanization Planning in China Reviewed

Chang Chen, Feng Shi, Keijiro Okuoka, Hiroki Tanikawa

Universal Journal of Materials Science Vol. 4 ( 2 ) page： 40-46 2016.3

Socioeconomic metabolism and sustainability Reviewed

Tanikawa H.

Basic Studies in Environmental Knowledge, Technology, Evaluation, and Strategy: Introduction to East Asia Environmental Studies page： 149-157 2016.1

Feasibility of a Simplified, Clinically Oriented, Three-dimensional Gait Analysis System for the Gait Evaluation of Stroke Patients. Reviewed

Mukaino M, Ohtsuka K, Tsuchiyama K, Matsuda F, Inagaki K, Yamada J, Tanikawa H, Saitoh E

Progress in rehabilitation medicine Vol. 1 page： 20160001 2016

Innovative Planning and Evaluation System for District Heating Using Waste Heat Considering Spatial Configuration: A Case in Fukushima, Japan Reviewed

谷川寛樹

Resources Conservation and Recycling Vol. 21 2016

The Weight of Society Over Time and Space: A Comprehensive Account of the Construction Material Stock of Japan, 1945-2010 Reviewed International coauthorship

Hiroki Tanikawa, Tomer Fishman, Keijiro Okuoka, Kenji Sugimoto

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 19 ( 5 ) page： 778 - 791 2015.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

In order to fully comprehend the socioeconomic metabolic (SEM) dynamics and material balance of nations, long-term accounting of economy-wide material stock is necessary in parallel to material flow accounts. Nevertheless, material stock accounts have been scarce, isolated, and mostly focused either on single materials, short time spans, or small regions. This study has two objectives: (1) review the state of the art of material stock research in the SEM discourse and (2) present a project to map, in a high level of detail, the in-use construction material stocks of Japan and its 47 prefectures from the 1940s until the present era. This project documents the two major depositories of material stock: buildings and infrastructure. We describe the challenges and benefits of utilizing a bottom-up approach, in order to promote its usage in material stock studies. The resulting database presents the accumulation of stock over time, as well as visually displaying the spatial distribution of the stock using geographical information systems (GIS), which, we argue, is an essential aspect of material stock analysis in the context of socioeconomic metabolism research.

DOI： 10.1111/jiec.12284

Concrete transformation of buildings in China and implications for the steel cycle Reviewed

Tao Wang, Xin Tian, Seiji Hashimoto, Hiroki Tanikawa

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING Vol. 103 page： 205 - 215 2015.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Urbanization and real estate development are two mighty impetuses for the growth of China. An enhanced dynamic modeling has been devised to explore stocks and flows of buildings in the country and to quantify the related steel cycle. The uncertainties of the variables and results are investigated by the means of Monte Carlo method and sampling analysis. The building stocks are expected to increase to some 85-130 billion m(2) in the mid-century, about 40-100% up from the current level. Throughout China but in urban areas in particular, concrete structures are replacing the buildings made of wood, clay brick, and primitive materials. By 2050 every two out of three buildings in China will be reinforced concrete- or steel-framed, leading to substantial demand for ferrous metals.
Scenarios analysis shows that a slowing down in the building stock expansion will likely occur in China in no more than ten years. This may open up a transition with profound industrial and resource implications. Increasing businesses for the construction industry may emerge from maintenance, retrofitting, and end-of-life management of existing buildings. The steel industry shall reform its capacity to conform to the growingly available secondary resources and the declining requirement for construction steel. Efficient and appropriate recycling of steel content from waste concrete will play an important role in material conservation. A collaboration of improvements in process material efficiency with lifetime extension and application of high-strength steel may save nearly 40% of primary iron ores for building use in the coming four decades. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.07.021

Comparative studies on the driving factors of resource flows in Myanmar, the Philippines, and Bangladesh Reviewed

Maung Kyaw Nyunt, Martinico-Perez Marianne Faith G., Komatsu Takahiro, Mohammad Sujauddin, Murakami Shinsuke, Tanikawa Hiroki

ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND POLICY STUDIES Vol. 17 ( 3 ) page： 407 - 429 2015.7

Comparative Studies on Driving Factors of Resource Flow in Myanmar, the Philippines and Bangladesh Reviewed

Kyaw Nyunt Maung, Marianne Faith G. Martinico-Perez, Takahiro Komatsu, Sujauddin Mohammad, Shinsuke Murakami, Hiroki Tanikawa

Environmental Economics and Policy Studies 2015.7

福島県北部沿岸地域におけるフライアッシュのクリンカー代替利用に関する地域循環圏の検討 Reviewed

木下卓大, 奥岡桂次郎, 谷川寛樹

土木学会論文集G (環境) Vol. 71 ( 6 ) page： 133-138 2015.6

マテリアルストックデータベースの拡充とストック利用効率の検討 Reviewed

山下剛弥, 奥岡桂次郎, 谷川寛樹　

土木学会論文集G (環境) Vol. 71 ( 6 ) page： 319-327 2015.6

低炭素化に向けた日本全国の土石系資源ストックフローの将来シナリオ分析 Reviewed

松井健吾,　長谷川正利,　高木重定,　奥岡桂次郎,　谷川寛樹

土木学会論文集G (環境) Vol. 71 ( 6 ) page： 309-317 2015.6

名古屋市中心部における4d−GISを用いた都市の経年変化によるMSFAに関する研究 Reviewed

青柳淳之介, 杉本賢二, 奥岡桂次郎, 谷川寛樹

土木学会論文集G (環境) Vol. 71 ( 6 ) page： 467-474 2015.6

The socio-economic drivers of material stock accumulation in Japan's prefectures Reviewed

Tomer Fishman, Heinz Schandl, Hiroki Tanikawa

ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS Vol. 113 page： 76 - 84 2015.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Physical economy research has, thus far, focused on the throughput of materials that underpin economic development. The role of stocks of buildings and infrastructure has remained underexplored, yet it is the physical stock that provides service to society. To fill this gap, this research investigates stock dynamics in Japan in relation to population and economic drivers using panel regression and IPAT analyses for the past five decades. We recognize characteristic changes in the strength and relative influence of the drivers throughout time, in different subnational regions, and on the dynamics of buildings compared to transportation infrastructure. We find that material stock accumulation mainly occurred due to growth in economic activity, specifically by tertiary sector demand. Apart from a period of government-driven stock accumulation in the 1990s to stimulate economic growth, as economic and population growth slowed stock accumulation dynamics also changed signaling a new stock saturation trend. Migration from rural to urban areas has recently become an influential driver, leaving behind underused buildings and roads. This analysis provides a case study on how socio-economic drivers and stock accumulation interacted and changed while the country matured, which may have implications for understanding stock dynamics in rapidly industrializing economies. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.03.001

Greening China's Wastewater Treatment Infrastructure in the Face of Rapid Development Analysis Based on Material Stock and Flow through 2050 Reviewed

Hou, Wanxin, Tian, Xin, Tanikawa, Hiroki

Journal of Industrial Ecology Vol. 19 ( 1 ) page： 129 - 140 2015.2

FUTURE SENARIO ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL STOCK AND FLOW OF CONSTRUCTION MINERALS TOWARD DECARBONIZATION

MATSUI Kengo, HASEGAWA Masatoshi, TAKAGI Shigesada, OKUOKA Keijiro, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 71 ( 6 ) page： II_309 - II_317 2015

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers

This study estimated future construction minerals stock and flow, and calculated its intensities. The intensities were calculated by construction mineral shipment and stock increase figures. The construction mineral stock and flow data was used to estimate CO2 emissions with a scenario type of using mixed cement, and to estimate recycling potential as recycled aggregate. The results show that buildings, roads, and other civil infrastructure have accumulated 100Mton, 120Mton, and 87Mton respectively. CO2 emissions in a scenario using mixed cement is 3.9Mton in 2050, which was found to be less than the 0.8Mton emissions in a scenario status type of not using mixed cement. Recycled aggregate demands would accumulate to 47Mton in 2050, and concrete waste by demolished buildings in 2050 would accumulate to 140Mton, therefore it is clarified that there is a large recycling potential.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.71.ii_309

A STUDY ON MATERIAL STOCK AND FLOW ANALYSIS OVER TIME USING 4d-GIS IN NAGOYA CITY Reviewed

AOYAGI Junnosuke, SUGIMOTO Kenji, OKUOKA Keijiro, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 71 ( 6 ) page： II_467-II_474 2015

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

 A large amount of minerals become material flows in and out of urban areas when buildings and infrastructure, such as roads, are constructed and reconstructed. In order to do effective management of materials in a sound material-cycle society, it is necessary to estimate and grasp these material flows. This study describes a comparative MSFA (Material Stock and Flow Analysis) using 4d-GIS in the Nagoya city center for 1970, 1980, 1990, 1997, 2003, and 2009. Material stock in the case study area was found to be increasing, with large material accumulation in the commercial area. Additionaly, it was clarified that changes in the urban structure system has huge impacts on urban metabolism.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.71.II_467

REVISION OF JAPAN'S MATERIAL STOCK DATABASE AND REASSESMENT OF THE STOCK EFFICIENCY TRENDS Reviewed

YAMASHITA Takaya, OKUOKA Keijiro, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 71 ( 6 ) page： II_319-II_327 2015

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Japan has large numbers of seaports, fishing harbors, and coastal facilities. Therefore, quantifying the kinds of material stock in there infrastructures is important. This study showed that seaports, fishing harbors, and coastal facilities have accumulated 783Mton, 1714Mton, 472Mton of material stock, respectively. In this way, this study expands the database of Japan's material stock to include seaports, fishing harbors, and coastal facilities, and provides a reassessment of these stock efficiency trends compared with other stock types. These results help to evaluate society's metabolism (inflows, stocking, and demolition of material).  Reassessment of stock efficiency trends regarding units of transportation showed that airports' efficiency trends grew. Roads' and rails' trends regarding freight increased, while seaports' stock trends in regards to number of passengers declined.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.71.II_319

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ROOFTOP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND CO2 REDUCTION EFFECTS OF BUILDINGS WITH GREEN ROOFS

HIRANO Yujiro, TANIKAWA Hiroki, FUJITA Tsuyoshi

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) Vol. 71 ( 4 ) page： I_439 - I_444 2015

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers

This research evaluates evapotranspiration from rooftop vegetation and its effects of urban heat island mitigation and CO2 reduction in office building areas. First we conducted urban microclimate and air conditioning load simulation by using a coupled urban-canopy and building energy model (CM-BEM).Next, we calculated evapotranspiration on rooftops from latent heat flux derived from surface heat balance simulated by CM-BEM. From calculated evapotranspiration result, we determined required water volume and CO2 emissions for sprinkling water. Then, we quantified the CO2 reduction effects of rooftop greening by comparing the CO2 emissions for sprinkling water and the CO2 reduction by cooling energy savings calculated from air-conditioning load simulation. Finally, we evaluated the relationships between evapotranspiration and urban heat island mitigation effects and CO2 reduction effects.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejhe.71.i_439

Anthropogenic Disturbance Estimation Based on Surface Elevation Change Using DEM Reviewed

SUGIMOTO Kenji, KUROIWA Fumi, OKUOKA Keijiro, TANIKAWA Hiroki

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol. 28 ( 2 ) page： 153 - 161 2015

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SOCIETY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, JAPAN

For analyzing the relationship with natural environment and socio-economy that characterized huge materials flow, it is important to understand the dynamics of soil and stone. However, quantitative grasp of “hidden material flow” is not sufficiency performed since it is out of material calculation process. This study presents and discusses the effectiveness of a method to estimate anthropogenic disturbance of soil and sand, based on surface elevation change over time using Digital Elevation Model (DEM). First, a case study was conducted focusing on an area where a large-scale extraction of soil and sand has occurred in Misaki-cho, Osaka Prefecture. In the case study, the viability to estimate the changes of soil movement with GIS by creating raster surface model from DEM based on counter map, aerial photo and satellite image was confirmed. As a result of the estimation sediment movement do to the volume changes as from 75.81 to 81.68 million ton between before and after soil excavation. The differences between estimates and statistics are due to the vertical accuracy of DEM, conversion rate to rock products and natural processes. Despite the estimate error induced by the vertical accuracy, satellite DEM is useful to grasp anthropogenic disturbance in data limited area.

DOI： 10.11353/sesj.28.153

A STUDY ON A REGIONAL RECYCLING ZONE FOR EFFECIENT USE OF FLY ASH AS CLINKER SUBSTITUTE MATERIAL IN THE NOETHERN COSTAL AREAS OF FUKUSHIMA

Time-series analysis and prediction of building material stock and flow using 4d-GIS Reviewed

Kenji Sugimoto, Hiroyoshi Morita, Hiroki Tanikawa

Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management page： 243 1-17 2015

KINOSHITA Takahiro, OKUOKA Keijiro, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 71 ( 6 ) page： II_133 - II_138 2015

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers

In order to realize a recycling-oriented society, it is important to advance industrial symbiosis, considering characteristics of area and material. After the Great East Japan Earthquake disaster, coal power generation replaced nuclear power generation, increasing the amount of Fly-ash (FA) byproduct whose utilization is a future problem. This study evaluates the potential of FA recycling as construction material to be used in the reconstruction and restoration of buildings, and construction of coastal protection facilities in Fukushima. It was found that there is big FA input potential in the city of Sendai which is located 50km north of the power station. In addition, the amount of FA produced by the power station is bigger than the FA input potential in the recycling zone.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.71.ii_133

Time-series analysis and prediction of building material stock and flow using 4d-GIS Reviewed

Sugimoto K., Morita H., Tanikawa H.

Cupum 2015 14th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management 2015

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Cupum 2015 14th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management

We developed 4d-GIS, which is a database of spatial 3D GIS data with a time scale, to estimate building material stock and flow and visualize the transition of buildings in urban districts for contribution to spatial designs. By utilizing 4d-GIS, it was found that steel buildings initially accounted for 60%, but the number of reinforced concrete buildings increased. As for building material stock, it has increased from 0.35 million ton in 1961 to 97.5 million tons in 2010, because of the increase of RC buildings and vir-tualization. We predicted the building renovation for Business As Usual (BAU) and District Renewal Plan (DRP) scenarios up to 2050. The results show that building material stock does not differ much between BAU and DRP scenarios in 2050, but it was observed in the DRP scenario, building material stock increased by 0.2 million ton because buildings will be re-built collectively in units.

China's carbon footprint: A regional perspective on the effect of transitions in consumption and production patterns Reviewed

人為的攪拌による土石移動量の推計に関する研究 Reviewed

奥岡桂次郎, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学論文集 Vol. 28 page： 88 - 94 2015

人為的攪拌による土石移動量の推計に関する研究 Reviewed

吉田圭介, 奥岡桂次郎, 杉本賢二, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学論文集 2014.12

Greening China's Wastewater Treatment Infrastructure in the Face of Rapid Development: Analysis Based on Material Stock and Flow through 2050 Reviewed

Wanxin Hou, Xin Tia, Hiroki Tanikawa

Vol. 19 ( 1 ) page： 129-140 2014.9

衛星夜間光と合成開口レーダを用いた建物延床面積の推計モデルの開発 Reviewed

黒田将平，杉本賢二，奥岡桂次郎，谷川寛樹

土木学会論文集G (環境) Vol. 70 ( 6 ) page： 97-106 2014.7

Xin Tian, Miao Chang, Chen Lin, Hiroki Tanikawa

APPLIED ENERGY Vol. 123 page： 19 - 28 2014.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD

A better understanding of CO2 emission trends caused by domestic consumption (referred to as the carbon footprint) in China, especially in the context of changes in consumption and production patterns triggered by economic development in recent years, is important to develop effective approaches for curbing the fast-growing emissions. As the various regions in mainland China exhibit great disparities in socioeconomic factors and are thus in different stages of development, this study aims to obtain a regional map of carbon footprints in China, and address the changes, sources, and drivers of regional carbon footprints. Result indicates that regional per-capita carbon footprint varied greatly from 2.9 ton in the Southwest to 8.4 ton in Jingjin in 2007, and this disparity can be attributed to differences in regional income. On average, construction and services accounted for about 70% of the regional footprint in 2007. From a view of contributions from final demand activities, it was found that on average 56% of the regional footprint was associated with investment activity, 35% was related to household consumption, and 9% was attributable to government consumption. The results of structural decomposition show that while changes in consumption patterns have promoted rapid growth in the carbon footprint across all regions, the contribution from changes in production patterns varied widely, depending on what changes in production structure and CO2 intensity improvements were undertaken. Further CO2 intensity improvements and low-carbon optimization of the production structure will be important approaches for curbing the rapid growth of the carbon footprint across all regions of China. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.016

Estimates of Lost Material Stock of Buildings and Roads Due to the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Reviewed

Accounting for the Material Stock of Nations Reviewed Open Access

Tomer Fishman, Heinz Schandl, Hiroki Tanikawa, Paul Walker, Fridolin Krausmann

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 18 ( 3 ) page： 407 - 420 2014.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

National material stock (MS) accounts have been a neglected field of analysis in industrial ecology, possibly because of the difficulty in establishing such accounts. In this research, we propose a novel method to model national MS based on historical material flow data. This enables us to avoid the laborious data work involved with bottom-up accounts for stocks and to arrive at plausible levels of stock accumulation for nations. We apply the method for the United States and Japan to establish a proof of concept for two very different cases of industrial development. Looking at a period of 75 years (1930-2005), we find that per capita MS has been much higher in the United States for the entire period, but that Japan has experienced much higher growth rates throughout, in line with Japan's late industrial development. By 2005, however, both Japan and the United States arrive at a very similar level of national MS of 310 to 375 tonnes per capita, respectively. This research provides new insight into the relationship between MS and flows in national economies and enables us to extend the debate about material efficiency from a narrow perspective of throughput to a broader perspective of stocks.

DOI： 10.1111/jiec.12114

Hiroki Tanikawa, Shunsuke Managi, Cherry Myo Lwin

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 18 ( 3 ) page： 421 - 431 2014.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

This article describes research conducted for the Japanese government in the wake of the magnitude 9.0 earthquake and tsunami that struck eastern Japan on March 11, 2011. In this study, material stock analysis (MSA) is used to examine the losses of building and infrastructure materials after this disaster. Estimates of the magnitude of material stock that has lost its social function as a result of a disaster can indicate the quantities required for reconstruction, help garner a better understanding of the volumes of waste flows generated by that disaster, and also help in the course of policy deliberations in the recovery of disaster-stricken areas. Calculations of the lost building and road materials in the five prefectures most affected were undertaken. Analysis in this study is based on the use of geographical information systems (GIS) databases and statistics; it aims to (1) describe in spatial terms what construction materials were lost, (2) estimate the amount of infrastructure material needed to rehabilitate disaster areas, and (3) indicate the amount of lost material stock that should be taken into consideration during government policy deliberations. Our analysis concludes that the material stock losses of buildings and road infrastructure are 31.8 and 2.1 million tonnes, respectively. This research approach and the use of spatial MSA can be useful for urban planners and may also convey more appropriate information about disposal based on the work of municipalities in disaster-afflicted areas.

DOI： 10.1111/jiec.12126

Exploring China's Materialization Process with Economic Transition: Analysis of Raw Material Consumption and Its Socioeconomic Drivers Reviewed

Modeling In-Use Steel Stock in China's Buildings and Civil Engineering Infrastructure Using Time-Series of DMSP/OLS Nighttime Lights Reviewed Open Access

Hanwei Liang, Hiroki Tanikawa, Yasunari Matsuno, Liang Dong

REMOTE SENSING Vol. 6 ( 6 ) page： 4780 - 4800 2014.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：MDPI AG

China's rapid urbanization has led to increasing steel consumption for buildings and civil engineering infrastructure. The in-use steel stock in the same is considered to be closely related to social welfare and urban metabolism. Traditional approaches for determining the in-use steel stock are labor-intensive and time-consuming processes and always hindered by the availability of statistical data. To address this issue, this study proposed the use of long-term nighttime lights as a proxy to effectively estimate in-use steel stock for buildings (IUSSB) and civil engineering infrastructure (IUSSCE) at the provincial level in China. Significant relationships between nighttime lights versus IUSSB and IUSSCE were observed for provincial variables in a single year, as well as for time series variables of a single province. However, these relationships were found to differ among provinces (referred to as. inter-individual differences.) and with time (referred to as. temporal differences.). Panel regression models were therefore proposed to estimate IUSSB and IUSSCE in consideration of the temporal and inter-individual differences based on a dataset covering 1992-2007. These models were validated using data for 2008, and the results showed good estimation for both IUSSB and IUSSCE. The proposed approach can be used to easily monitor the dynamic of IUSSB and IUSSCE in China. This should be critical in providing valuable information for policy making regarding regional development of buildings and infrastructure, sustainable urban resource management, and cross-boundary material recycling.

DOI： 10.3390/rs6064780

Heming Wang, Xin Tian, Hiroki Tanikawa, Miao Chang, Seiji Hashimoto, Yuichi Moriguchi, Zhongwu Lu

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Vol. 48 ( 9 ) page： 5025 - 5032 2014.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER CHEMICAL SOC

China's rapidly growing economy is accelerating its materialization process and thereby creating serious environmental problems at both local and global levels. Understanding the key drivers behind China's mass consumption of raw materials is thus crucial for developing sustainable resource management and providing valuable insights into how other emerging economies may be aiming to accomplish a low resource-dependent future. Our results show that China's raw material consumption (RMC) rose dramatically from 11.9 billion tons in 1997 to 20.4 billion tons in 2007, at an average annual growth rate at 5.5%. In particular, nonferrous metal minerals and iron ores increased at the highest rate, while nonmetallic minerals showed the greatest proportion (over 60%). We find that China's accelerating materialization process is closely related to its levels of urbanization and industrialization, notably demand for raw materials in the construction, services, and heavy manufacturing sectors. The growing domestic final demand level is the strongest contributor of China's growth in RMC, whereas changes in final demand composition are the largest contributors to reducing it. However, the expected offsetting effect from changes in production pattern and production-related technology level, which should be the focus of future dematerialization in China, could not be found.

DOI： 10.1021/es405812w

How does industrial structure change impact carbon dioxide emissions? A comparative analysis focusing on nine provincial regions in China Reviewed

Xin Tian, Miao Chang, Feng Shi, Hiroki Tanikawa

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY Vol. 37 page： 243 - 254 2014.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD

China as a whole is undergoing rapid industrial structure change, but this process is proceeding in a particularly unequal manner across regions. Understanding these changes and their associated impacts on CO2 emissions in these regions is a vital step toward appropriately targeted policy making. In this paper, we conduct both regional analysis throughout the nation and case studies focused on nine typical regions in order to identify regional patterns of industrial structure change and CO2 emissions. Results indicate that structural change in primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors was highly correlated, but structural change by industrial sector did not correspond well, with the stage of economic development. The disparity in regional industrial structure impacts regional CO2 emissions substantially. First, industrial structure changes involving a shift from agriculture, mining, and light manufacturing-to resource-related heavy manufacturing in many regions led to a rapid increase in CO2 emissions at the national level. Second, production structure change, especially in construction and services sectors, is an important source of CO2 emission growth in regions. Some developed regions with vastly improved input efficiency in resource-related heavy manufacturing demonstrate the immense potential for reducing CO2 emissions in regions lagging in input efficiency. Third, regions with a more developed industrial structure avoided local CO2 emissions by importing carbon-intensive products while exporting less carbon-intensive but higher-value-added products in the machinery and equipment and service sectors. Several policy implications are also discussed based on the main findings of this study. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.envsci.2013.10.001

Study of Effect of Introducing Photovoltaic and Construction of Estimation Model for CO2 Emissions from Japanese Prefectures Reviewed

合成開口レーダと建築物面積との相関性評価 Reviewed

杉本賢二，奥岡桂次郎，谷川寛樹

土木学会論文集G (環境) Vol. 70 ( 5 ) page： 79-85 2014.3

HASEGAWA Masatoshi, ONISHI Akio, TOGAWA Takuya, OKUOKA Keijiro, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 70 ( 5 ) page： I_157-I_165 2014

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

In aiming at continuous development, global warming is a challenge that must be acknowledged. It would be necessary to shift to the low-carbon society in order to solve this challenge. When examining the environmental load of urban structure, it is desirable to consider and analyze life cycles at various scales. In this study, we estimate future CO2 emission scenarios from Japan's prefectures. We compared the effects of energy-saving measures such as compacting of urban areas and photovoltaic systems have on the CO2 emissions.  The result for the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario was 1,985 million tons of CO2 emissions from 2045 to 2049. However, a scenario of energy saving measures reduces CO2 emissions to 1,250 million tons, a 40% reduction. It was found that the introduction of photovoltaic affected the results most significantly.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.70.I_157

Multi-scale assessment of floor area disparity using spatial database : An empirical study in Japan Reviewed

Hanwei Liang, Hiroki Tanikawa

Journal of International Review of Civil Engineering Vol. 5 ( 2 ) page： 48-55 2014

Exploring the Characterization of Building Stock and its Relationship with Nighttime Light Distribution in Japan : A Spatial Perspective Reviewed

Hanwei Liang, Wanxin Hou, Cherry Myo Lwin, Hiroki Tanikawa

Journal of Environmental Information Science Vol. 42 ( 5 ) page： 25-32 2014

A comparative study on assessment of economy-wide material flow accounts and its implications in Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Philippines. Reviewed

Maung, K. N, T. Komatsu, M. F. G. Martinico-Perez, C. M. Lwin, S. Mohammad, K. Sugimoto, K. Okuoka, S. Murakami, H. Tanikawa

Journal of Environmental Information Science Vol. 42 ( 5 ) page： 51 - 60 2014

夜間衛星光と合成開口レーダを用いた建物延床面積の推計モデルの開発 Reviewed

谷川寛樹

土木学会論文集G (環境) Vol. 70 2014

都道府県別CO2排出量推計モデルの構築および太陽光発電の導入効果の検討 Reviewed

大西暁生, 奥岡桂次郎, 谷川寛樹

土木学会論文集G(環境）Vol.70 No.5,地球環境研究論文集 Vol. 第22巻 2014

都市重量と循環性持続可能性評価 Reviewed

谷川寛樹

海外環境協力センター OECC会報 Vol. 72 page： 8 - 9 2014

Exploring the Characterization of Building Stock and its Relationship with Nighttime Light Distribution in Japan : A Spatial Perspective Reviewed

谷川寛樹

Journal of Environmental Information Science Vol. 42 page： 25 - 32 2014

Multi-scale assessment of floor area disparity using spatial database : An empirical study in Japan Reviewed

谷川寛樹

Journal of International Review of Civil Engineering Vol. 5 page： 48 - 55 2014

Evaluation of wildfire propagation susceptibility in grasslands using burned areas and multivariate logistic regression Reviewed

Xin Cao, Xihong Cui, Miao Yue, Jin Chen, Hiroki Tanikawa, Yu Ye

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING Vol. 34 ( 19 ) page： 6679 - 6700 2013.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD

This research simulated wildfire propagation susceptibility based on multivariate logistic regression. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS)-derived fuel indicators and topographic factors were the independent variables, and burnt areas served as the dependent variable. MODIS data were collected daily during the wildfire seasons of April to May and September to October from 2001 to 2007 to acquire information about live and dead fuel in the Mongolia-China grasslands. The inputs for the independent parameters for wildfire propagation susceptibility modelling were the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI), moisture stress index (MSI), global vegetation moisture index (GVMI), dead fuel INDEX (DFI), elevation, slope, and aspect. Multivariate logistic regression ranking indicates that DFI, MSI, DEM, and OSAVI are the top four factors, with an overall accuracy of 80%. Leave one out' cross-validation demonstrated that the overall accuracy of the propagation susceptibility modelling ranged from 65% to 87%. Finally, the model was used to produce 10 day average wildfire propagation susceptibility maps during the wildfire seasons of 2001-2007 and to predict the location of burned areas. This research will be useful for understanding the propagation susceptibility of wildfires in grassland areas and for creating policies for preventing wildfire spread.

DOI： 10.1080/01431161.2013.805280

Quality Evaluation of Steel, Aluminum, and Road Material Recycled from End-of-Life Urban Buildings in Japan in Terms of Total Material Requirement Reviewed

Eiji Yamasue, Ryota Minamino, Hiroki Tanikawa, Ichiro Daigo, Hideyuki Okumura, Keiichi N. Ishihara, Paul H. Brunner

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 17 ( 4 ) page： 555 - 565 2013.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

In this study we introduce the concept of total material requirement (TMR) to quantify the quality of materials from end-of-life buildings. The TMRs for the recycling of materials (urban ore TMR [UO-TMR]) from four types of Japanese buildings (Japanese traditional wooden structure [JTWS], wooden frame with walls structure [WFS], reinforced-concrete structure [RCS], and steel-based structure [SS]) have been estimated and the trade-off between the increase in function of recycled materials such as steel made from scrap and the additional inputs of energy and materials required to create the increase in function were evaluated. Steel made from scrap, aluminum made from scrap, and road material are assumed to be recycled from steel products, aluminum products, and aggregate and cement concrete in the buildings, respectively. Case study analyses were carried out to determine the effect of recycling only aboveground materials compared to recycling both aboveground and subsurface materials. Also, the effect of varying the recycling rate of wooden demolition debris is determined.The UO-TMRs of steel made from scrap range from 4.7 kilograms per kilogram (kg/kg) to 18.2 kg/kg. Urban tailings (unrecycled components) account for the greatest proportion of the UO-TMR of steel made from scrap, and the next largest contributor is the recycling process. In the case of aluminum made from scrap, the UO-TMRs range from 22 to 196 kg/kg, with the contribution of urban tailings generally dominant, and the second largest contributor being on-site demolition and shredding. The UO-TMRs of recycled road material range from 1.04 to 1.16 kg/kg and are similar for different recycling cases and types of buildings.

DOI： 10.1111/jiec.12014

Materials demand and environmental impact of buildings construction and demolition in China based on dynamic material flow analysis Reviewed

Evaluation of material stocks, GAS and NAS for infrastructure in Japan : Moving towards a sustainable stock-type society

Cherry Myo Lwin, Hiroki Tanikawa, Seiji Hashimoto

Journal of International Review of Civil Engineering Vol. 4 ( 3 ) page： 118-127 2013.5

Tao Huang, Feng Shi, Hiroki Tanikawa, Jinling Fei, Ji Han

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING Vol. 72 page： 91 - 101 2013.3

An Analysis of material stocks for the construction of transport infrastructure in Japan: Moving towards a sustainable stock-type society

Cherry Myo Lwin, Hiroki Tanikawa, Seiji Hashimoto

Journal of Environmental Information Science Vol. 41 ( 5 ) page： 63-72 2013.3

Comparing Gross and Net Additions to Material Stock for Roadways in Japan Reviewed

Cherry Myo Lwin, Seiji Hashimoto, Hiroki Tanikawa

International Journal of Engineering and Research and Applications Vol. 3 ( 1 ) page： 1119-1124 2013.2

Structural decomposition analysis of the carbonization process in Beijing: A regional explanation of rapid increasing carbon dioxide emission in China Reviewed

Xin Tian, Miao Chang, Hiroki Tanikawa, Feng Shi, Hidefumi Imura

ENERGY POLICY Vol. 53 page： 279 - 286 2013.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD

Methods to control China's CO2 emissions under its rapid economic development process have received much attention. As the top industrialized and urbanized region in China, Beijing is a good case to show the trends of CO2 emissions in China, and examining how different drivers influence the CO2 emissions direction of Beijing can give valuable insights to other regions on dealing with the emerging climate change issues. To this end, we conducted structural decomposition analysis to quantify the contributions of technological and socio-economic factors to the rapid CO2 emissions growth in Beijing from 1995 to 2007. An increasing final demand level and production structure change led to carbonizing Beijing significantly, while energy intensity improvement was Beijing's sole prominent source on decarbonizing its economic development in 1995-2007. Further, results highlighted the importance of trading and investment in CO2 emissions variations in Beijing. The industrial structure change toward heavy manufacturing and services sectors led to the significant role of these sectors in CO2 emissions growth in Beijing. Beijing's carbonizing process is a reminder to other regions in China to reconsider the direction of their industrial structure change and implement consistent and strict energy-saving policies. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.10.054

地理情報を考慮した木造住宅寿命の変化による木材需給量と炭素固定量のシナリオ分析 Reviewed

時間の投入構造に関する基礎的研究 Reviewed

鬼頭祐介, 奥岡桂次郎, 韓驥, 白川博章, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 41 ( 4 ) page： 79 2013.1

岡崎奈津子, 奥岡桂次郎, 韓驥, 白川博章, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 41 ( 4 ) page： 81 2013.1

マテリアルストック推計のための4D GISの構築 : 名古屋市都心部を対象にしたケーススタディ Reviewed

青柳淳之介, 杉本賢二, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 41 ( 4 ) page： 86 2013.1

TIME-SERIES ESTIMATION OF THE MATERIAL STOCK OF BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE OF ALL PREFECTURES IN JAPAN Reviewed

TANAKA Kensuke, HAYAKAWA Yohei, OKUOKA Keijiro, SUGIMOTO Kenji, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 69 ( 6 ) page： II_25-II_34 2013

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

 Various policies have been undertaken in Japan for the establishment of a sustainable society. A vast amount of infrastructure in Japan was constructed during the rapid economic growth era, and due to its life span, most of this infrastructure would have to be repaired or demolished in the near future. It is urgently needed to determine the spatial distribution and accumulation of this material stock. This study examined the spatial distribution and transition of material stock in each prefecture using statistical and GIS data. The results show that material stock in 1965 (approx 7.2 billion tons) increased by about three times in 2010 (approx 20.6 billion tons). When comparing structure-types, buildings and roads compose the largest percentage of material stock, while in a material-types comparison, concrete and aggregate are the largest percentage.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.69.II_25

Analysis on Material Stock Flow and CO2 Emission toward the Sustainable Society - Focusing on Municipalities in Hokuriku Region - Reviewed

HASEGAWA Masatoshi, ONISHI Akio, OKUOKA Keijiro, TOGAWA Takuya, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 69 ( 6 ) page： II_13-II_23 2013

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

It is necessary to understand amount of the future CO2 emission and material stock flow in order to attain a sustainable society. In this study, we estimated future CO2 emissions and material stock flow of urban structures by municipalities in the Hokuriku region. The result for the “B scenario and technology introduction” in 2050 were 30.5Mt of CO2 emissions, 7.5Mt of material input, 426.2Mt of material stock, and 19.9Mt of material output. In conclusion, population decline caused by failing birth rate, intensifying urban areas, and the lifetime improvement of domestic houses.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.69.II_13

Study on Spatial Distribution of Buildings Using PALSAR Data Reviewed

SUGIMOTO Kenji, OKUOKA Keijiro, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Papers on Environmental Information Science Vol. 27 ( 0 ) page： 85-90 2013

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

For realizing sustainable development of the cities, it is necessary to estimate of the flow of material cycles in society. Since a few countries have sufficient data to support stock analysis, a more flexible method with high adaptability is required for material stock and flow analysis in global scale. In this research, as a pioneer step, the correlation between PALSAR data and area of building has been estimated for Aichi Prefecture. Summing the size of aggregation larger than satellite resolution can reduce the noises that were induced by surrounding pixels. It was observed that a strong correlation can be estimated by omitting the forest area with the aid of using land use/land cover data.

DOI： 10.11492/ceispapers.ceis27.0_85

Material Consumption of Building Construction with Land Use Change in China: A Socioeconomic and Geographical Analysis Reviewed

Wanxin HOU, Hanwei LIANG, Ji HAN, Hiroki TANIKAWA

Environmental Information Research Vol. 26 page： 43-48 2012.11

東海三県における建設系廃棄物の地域循環圏に関する基礎的研究 Reviewed

奥岡桂次郎，三宅悠介，大西暁生，韓驥，白川博章，谷川寛樹

土木学会論文集G（環境） Vol. 68 ( 6 ) page： 147-154 2012.10

全国都道府県における都市構造物マテリアルストック需要量の将来シナリオ分析 Reviewed

大西暁生，河村直幸，奥岡桂次郎，石峰，谷川寛樹

土木学会論文集G（環境） Vol. 68 ( 5 ) page： 1-13 2012.9

夜間光衛星画像とGISを用いた建築用鋼材蓄積量の推計 Reviewed

田口現貴，許峰旗，谷川寛樹，松野泰也

鉄と鋼 Vol. 98 ( 8 ) page： 62-68 2012.8

Regional disparity in CO2 emissions: assessing sectoral impacts on the CO2-emission structure among regions of mainland China Reviewed

Tian X, Chang M, Tanikawa H, Shi F, Imura H

Journal of Industrial Ecology Vol. 16 ( 4 ) page： 612-622 2012.8

Toward a Low Carbon Dematerialization Society: Measuring the Materials Demand and CO2 Emissions of Building and Transport Infrastructure Construction in China Reviewed

Feng Shi, Tao Huang, Hiroki Tanikawa, Ji Han, Seiji Hashimoto, and Yuichi Moriguchi

Journal of Industrial Ecology Vol. 16 ( 4 ) page： 493-505 2012.8

Estimation of Steel Use in Buildings by Night Time Light Image and GIS Open Access

Genki Taguchi, Feng-Chi Hsu, Hiroki Tanikawa, Yasunari Matsuno

TETSU TO HAGANE-JOURNAL OF THE IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE OF JAPAN Vol. 98 ( 8 ) page： 450 - 456 2012.8

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN

Steel is the most widely used material among all metals. As the concern about effective use of the in-use steel stock as secondary resource grows, numerous studies analyzing the flow and stock of steel have been conducted. Though top-down and bottom-up approaches have been employed in material flow analysis, the applicability of these approaches is largely restricted by the data availability. To overcome this problem, we have proposed a method for estimating in-use steel stock based on satellite images. Our previous studies had shown effective regression of steel stock in buildings and nighttime lights on country and sub-national level. However, the relationship has not been examined in micro level, i.e. building stocks and pixels. Therefore, in this study, geographic information system (GIS) was used to estimate the in-use steel stock for buildings in Tokyo, Japan. The volume of buildings in 145 areas with 1 km square in Tokyo was calculated with GIS. Then, the correlation was investigated between the building volume, in-use building steel stock and the radiance of nighttime light. As the result, building volume and in-use building steel stock were found to be highly correlated with the radiance of nighttime light.

DOI： 10.2355/tetsutohagane.98.450

Regional Disparity in Carbon Dioxide Emissions Assessing Sectoral Impacts on the Carbon Dioxide Emissions Structure Among Regions of Mainland China Reviewed

Xin Tian, Miao Chang, Hiroki Tanikawa, Feng Shi, Hidefumi Imura

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 16 ( 4 ) page： 612 - 622 2012.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Due to its position as the world's largest energy consumer and carbon emitter, China is facing the great challenge of controlling its rising carbon emissions. As a large country with great disparities in economic development and industrial structure among its regions, it is essential to understand the carbon emission characteristics of regions and industrial sectors in order to formulate effective and targeted policies to achieve domestic carbon emission reduction targets. For this reason, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis in this article of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions structure and major responsible sectors for 19 provincial regions of mainland China. Great disparities in direct CO2 emissions and intensities are identified across regions. We show that the direct CO2 intensities in regions are affected by not only the economic development level, but also by the structure of the carbon-intensive sectors and sectoral CO2 emissions intensities. A region-by-region fine-scale breakdown analysis demonstrates that both the direct CO2 emissions and total CO2 emissions are highly concentrated in a minority of sectors: the construction sector is the major contributor to the total CO2 emissions in all regions, followed by the services sectors as a whole. Moreover, the petroleum and chemicals sector, nonmetallic mineral products sector, metal products sector and electricity and steam production sector should also receive more attention, as they are identified as highly carbon intensive in most of the regions studied, especially through the close linkage with the construction sector. Based on these results, we discuss and propose policy implications for controlling the rising CO2 emissions in regions of mainland China.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00514.x

Toward a low carbon-dematerialization society Reviewed

Shi Feng, Huang Tao, Tanikawa Hiroki, Han Ji, Hashimoto Seiji, Moriguchi Yuichi

Journal of Industrial Ecology Vol. 16 ( 4 ) page： 493 - 505 2012.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Wiley

Rapid industrialization and urbanization has been occurring in China since the introduction of the opening-up policy in 1978. The demands of building and infrastructure construction have increased rapidly, especially in the transportation and housing sectors in China. Large amounts of construction materials have been required in building construction and maintenance of the railway and road systems, especially steel and cement. Continued cement and steel production will require heavy raw material resource consumption and will emit a great deal of carbon dioxide (CO 2). This study forecasts future steel and cement demand and related resource consumption and CO 2 emissions for building and transportation infrastructure based on a material flow analysis of China. Furthermore, the effect of prolonging the lifetime of building and transportation infrastructure is appraised. The results indicate that building and transportation infrastructure will increase sharply through 2030. Although the demand for new construction will then decrease, steel and cement consumption will remain at a high level through 2050 because these are needed to maintain roads and railways. I

DOI： 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00523.x

経年GISデータベースを用いた道路構造物の物質量推計に関する研究 Reviewed

Analysis of Material Stock Accumulated in Residential Building & Transport Infrastructures and its Regional Disparity in China Reviewed

Licheng ZHENG, Ji HAN, Hiroki TANIKAWA

Journal of Environmental Information Science Vol. 40 ( 5 ) page： 51-60 2012.4

早川容平, 韓驥, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 40 ( 4 ) page： 73 2012.1

標高の変化に基づく土石移動量の推計に関する研究 Reviewed

黒岩史, 韓驥, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 40 ( 4 ) page： 66 2012.1

名古屋都市圏における建設系排出物の地域循環圏構築に関する基礎的研究 Reviewed

三宅悠介, 奥岡桂次郎, 韓驥, 白川博章, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 40 ( 4 ) page： 63 2012.1

日本全国の橋梁の物質ストックの推計に関する研究 Reviewed

田中健介, 奥岡桂次郎, 韓驥, 白川博章, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 40 ( 4 ) page： 70 2012.1

人工林管理と木造住宅の炭素固定効果の空間分析 Reviewed

有川美穂, 韓驥, 白川博章, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 40 ( 4 ) page： 67 2012.1

ヒートアイランド緩和策による影響の評価 Reviewed

鬼頭祥平, 韓驥, 白川博章, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 40 ( 4 ) page： 64 2012.1

MSIASMを用いた地域の持続可能性評価 : 日本の都道府県を対象としたケーススタディ Reviewed

鬼頭祐介, 韓驥, 白川博章, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 40 ( 4 ) page： 53 2012.1

Going beyond energy accounting for sustainability: Energy, fund elements and the economic process Reviewed

Kozo Mayumi and Hiroki Tanikawa

Energy Vol. 37 ( 1 ) page： 18-26 2012.1

Going beyond energy accounting for sustainability: Energy, fund elements and the economic process Reviewed

Kozo Mayumi, Hiroki Tanikawa

ENERGY Vol. 37 ( 1 ) page： 18 - 26 2012.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

The main purpose of this paper is to examine to what extent the widely used energy accounting schemes are useful for dealing with sustainability issues in view of Georgescu-Roegen's production process and its implications for the evolutionary aspects of the economic process. The first part critically examines the concept of "net energy" in relation to material elements produced and consumed in the economic process in light of Georgescu-Roegen's bioeconomics. The first part also considers the issue of what is produced in the economic process and emphasizes the importance of matter in bulk. The second part first compares the theoretical basis of embodied energy analysis (EEA) from the point of view of Piero Sraffa, a point of view not examined by Georgescu-Roegen. The second part also examines EEA critically in terms of Georgescu-Roegen's flow-fund model and compares Sraffa's analysis and Georgescu-Roegen's flow-fund model. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.energy.2011.04.050

Future Scenario Analysis of the Demand for Urban Structural Material Stock in Each Prefecture

ONISHI Akio, KAWAMURA Naoyuki, OKUOKA Keijiro, SHI Feng, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 68 ( 5 ) page： I_1 - I_13 2012

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers

From the perspective of the finite resources of nature, transition to a stock-based society that reduces the amount of material input and waste is expected in the future. The material cycle in the construction sector is large; thus, it is essential that the material flow in this sector be reduced in order to reduce environmental impacts. Further, in order to understand the trends in the material flow of the construction sector, it is necessary to understand the future demand for material stock on the basis of social and economic factors. In this study, we focus on urban structures and organize the factors affecting the demand for existing structures. Moreover, we estimate future demand for urban structural material stock in each prefecture for each of the multiple scenarios that reflect different social perspectives. The result obtained from the estimation indicates that the reduction in urban structural material stock from 2000 to 2050 was most limited under the "urban concentration scenario" as compared with the other scenarios-BAU and dispersed settlement. Further, there was a substantial increase in the urban structural material stock per capita under this scenario during same period, while there was a decrease in this stock under the other two scenarios.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.68.i_1

中国の土地利用変化による建築マテリアル消費に関する研究:社会経済分析－社会経済分析と地理空間分析を用いて Reviewed

HOU Wanxin, LIANG Hanwei, 韓驥, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学論文集 Vol. 26 ( 0 ) page： 43-48 2012

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

本研究は中国における国内マテリアル消費量を算出し、1996年から2009年の間にマテリアル消費量の駆動力を検討するためにインデックス分解分析を行った。また、土地利用の変化と国内マテリアル消費量の関係を推定するために、セミパラメトリック分析を行った。結果として、以下のように挙げられる：（1）一人当たりのGDPの寄与率は102.5％に達し、それは建築マテリアル消費増加の主な原因だった。（2）建築マテリアル消費の増加は農地から都市への転換の増加につながる理由の一つであるが、水、草原や湿地から都市へ変換は減少している。

DOI： 10.11492/ceispapers.ceis26.0_43

THE STUDY ON OUTPUT MATERIALS FROM CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IN AICHI, GIFU, MIE PREFECTURES TOWARDS A SOUND MATERIAL-CYCLE BLOCK

OKUOKA Keijiro, MIYAKE Yusuke, ONISHI Akio, HAN Ji, SHIRAKAWA Hiroaki, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 68 ( 6 ) page： II_147 - II_154 2012

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers

In recent years, a resource-circulating society has gained more attention while the concept of regional recycling society also emerged. Regional infrastructure development produces large amount of construction wastes. Effort to be a regional resource-circulating society will be an effective counter measure to an efficient resource use. In this study, the computational model to go to the regional resource-circulating society is built and estimation of supply and demand of concrete material is mainly focused and done by detail spatial analysis and future projection. As a result, there were three zones in three prefectures to circulate concrete block within 20km.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.68.ii_147

Analysis of driving forces behind diversified carbon dioxide emission patterns in regions of the mainland of China Reviewed

木造住宅の寿命変化による木材需給と炭素固定量への影響に関する研究ー地理情報を用いた和歌山県域でのケーススタディー Reviewed

有川美穂，妙中佐由理，谷川寛樹

土木学会論文集G Vol. 67 ( 6 ) page： 513-522 2011.10

東日本大震災により失った建設ストックの推計 Invited Reviewed

平川隆之，黒岩史，鬼頭祐介，田中健介，谷川寛樹

日本LCA学会誌 Vol. 7 ( 4 ) page： 374-378 2011.10

Xin Tian, Hidefumi Imura, Miao Chang, Feng Shi, Hiroki Tanikawa

FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING IN CHINA Vol. 5 ( 3 ) page： 445 - 458 2011.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS

China has large regional disparities in carbon dioxide CO2 emissions with economic development among its 31 provincial mainland regions. This paper investigates these disparities in CO2 emission patterns and identifies the factors underlying the differences. Results show that the 30 study China's mainland provinces (Tibet not included) can be divided into seven groups with three typical CO2 emission patterns. Index decomposition results indicate that changes in economic development, the industrial sector, and technology contribute far more to increased CO2 emissions than do population, energy structure, and other sectors. Close inspection reveals that different industry structures and technology contribute greatly to the differences observed in CO2 emissions between provinces with similar economic output. This study highlights the importance of region-specific industrial structure adjustment policies, especially for regions transitioning to heavy industry and for those still in the primary stages of industrialization. The potential application of a domestic carbon emissions trading system, to encourage regional investment in updated technology, is also discussed.

DOI： 10.1007/s11783-011-0330-6

An Analysis on the Effects of the Infrastructure Construction Investment on Water Resources in China Reviewed

Study on the Correlation between Material Stock of Roadways and Industrial Structure Change in Japan Reviewed

Cherry Myo Lwin, Ji Han, Hiroaki Shirakawa, Hiroki Tanikawa

Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Summer Symposium Vol. 13 page： 305-308 2011.8

中国水資源産業連関表の構築とインフラ建設投資の水資源への影響分析 Reviewed

石峰，大西暁生，谷川寛樹，黄トウ，森杉雅史，井村秀文

環境科学会誌 Vol. 24 ( 4 ) page： 290-303 2011.8

Decomposition Analysis of Energy Consumption Changes of Municipalities in China Reviewed

Jinling FEI, Hiroki TANIKAWA, Tao HUANG, Sradhanjali MOHANTY and Hidefumi IMURA

Environmental Information Science Vol. 13 page： 56-60 2011.8

Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of China's Societal Metabolism: A case study of Guangdong Province Reviewed

Jiaying Xu, Ji Han, Hiroki Tanikawa, Heinz Schandl

Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Summer Symposium Vol. 13 page： 309-312 2011.8

Evaluation of Carbon Footprint in China: A Regional Analysis Under Consumpsion-Based Carbon Emission Measurement Reviewed

Xin Tian, Feng Shi, Miao Chang, Hiroki Tanikawa, Hidefumi Imura

Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Summer Symposium Vol. 13 page： 317-320 2011.8

Study on quantification of relationship between land use and GDP based on Global scale spatial information Reviewed

Wanxin HOU, Hiroki Tanikawa, Tetsuya Tsurmi, Shunsuke Managi,Hiroaki Shirakawa

Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Summer Symposium Vol. 13 page： 325-327 2011.8

The study on optimization of proper size of sound material cycle area -material stock intensity per person with virtual urban area model- Reviewed

Keijiro Okuoka, Akio Onishi, Hiroaki Shirakawa and Hiroki Tanikawa

Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Summer Symposium Vol. 13 page： 313-316 2011.8

SHI Feng, ONISHI Akio, TANIKAWA Hiroki, HANG Tao, MORISUGI Masashi, IMURA Hidefumi

Environmental science Vol. 24 ( 4 ) page： 290 - 303 2011.7

都道府県における道路ネットワークの形成と産業構造の変化の関連性についての分析 Reviewed

荒川祐至, 早川容平, 石峰, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 40 ( 1 ) page： 110 - 111 2011.3

都市地下部におけるマテリアルフロー・ストックに関する研究 : 北九州市を対象としたケーススタディ Reviewed

石原和弥, 前新将, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 40 ( 1 ) page： 112 - 113 2011.3

日・韓・中, 家庭消費支出の推移とCO_2排出への影響-3国の家計支出調査の結果を用いて Reviewed

文多美, 田畑智博, 東修, 谷川寛樹, 井村秀文

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 40 ( 1 ) page： 82 - 83 2011.3

名古屋市における都市空間構造の変化と建物・空閑地への太陽光発電の導入によるCO_2排出量削減効果ポテンシャルの推計 Reviewed

高島健志, 大西暁生, 奥岡桂次郎, 谷川寛樹, 井村秀文

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 40 ( 1 ) page： 100 - 101 2011.3

マテリアルストックと産業構造の変化に関する研究 : 4d-GISを用いた道路構造物のケースヌタディ Reviewed

早川容平, 荒川祐至, 石峰, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 40 ( 1 ) page： 106 - 107 2011.3

TMR指標を用いた建設副産物のリサイクル性評価に関する研究 : 北九州市を対象としたマテリアルストック分析 Reviewed

前新将, 谷川寛樹, 山末英嗣, 井村秀文

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 40 ( 1 ) page： 96 - 97 2011.3

DMSP-OLS夜光データを用いたマテリアルストックの空間分布解析 : 愛知県におけるケーススタディ Reviewed

清水亮, 奥岡桂次郎, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 40 ( 1 ) page： 108 - 109 2011.3

THE STUDY OF INFLUENCE ON SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF WOOD AND CARBON STOCK CHANGING WOODEN HOUSE LIFE - CASE STUDY FOR WAKAYAMA PREFECTURE USING GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION - Reviewed

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) Vol. 67 ( 6 ) page： II_513-II_522 2011

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The study evaluated the influence of supply and demand of residential wood on the amounts of carbon fixation and CO2 absorption by forests. The residential wood occupies most of all wood demand. The result of the analysis revealed that both the amounts of carbon fixation in the forest and the residence decreased. Moreover, it was clarified that the wood utilization for long-lived houses made the amounts of carbon fixation in the forests and residences the maximum. On the other hand, the amounts of CO2 absorption by the man-made forest would decrease in the future. However, the study showed the possibility of the increase in CO2 absorption admitted in the Kyoto Protocol.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.67.II_513

An Analysis on the Effects of the Infrastructure Construction Investment on Water Resources in China Reviewed

SHI Feng, ONISHI Akio, TANIKAWA Hiroki, HANG Tao, MORISUGI Masashi, IMURA Hidefumi

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol. 24 ( 4 ) page： 290-303 2011

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

This study analyzed the relationship between infrastructure investment and water use and aqueous environments. First, we collected data on water use and pollutant discharge in each industry and constructed an input–output table that was used to analyze the influence of infrastructure construction on water resources and aqueous environments. Then, the influence of the infrastructure investment on water resources was evaluated using indicators, Such as the amount of water use and the pollutant discharge of chemical oxygen demand(COD) and ammonia(NH4). According to our analysis, the domestic product resulting from infrastructure investment is as large as urban household consumption and export demand, and has become a main force of economic development in China. In the agricultural sector, both the amount of water use and water pollutant discharge induced by infrastructure investment far exceeded that by any other industry. In addition, the water use induced by infrastructure investment in the steel-smelting sector and electricity and hot water production and supply sector was also high. The COD discharge by the paper and paper products sector was very high. The infrastructure investment induced a large discharge of NH4 in the chemicals sector, which includes chemical fertilizers. Therefore, increasing water use efficiency and decreasing water pollutant discharge in key sectors, such as agriculture and paper and paper products, will be increasingly important in the future.

DOI： 10.11353/sesj.24.290

Estimation of “Lost Material Stock” in the Great East Japan Earthquake

HIRAKAWA Takayuki, KUROIWA Fumi, KITO Yusuke, TANAKA Kensuke, TANIKAWA Hiroki

Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan Vol. 7 ( 4 ) page： 374 - 378 2011

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Institute of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan

Following the disaster in Northeast Japan, it is important to obtain an estimation of the scale of lost buildings and infrastructures’ material stock. Therefore the amount of materials necessary for future reconstruction as well as the subsequent waste flow generation could be estimated and, more importantly, proper policies could be proposed for the recovery of stricken areas. In this study, from detailed residential maps, we built a material stock database throughout Japan. And, by extracting material stock with the area affected by the tsunami, we built a lost material stock database. The amount of material stock in the area hit by the tsunami was calculated to be about 29 million tons. Superstructure of buildings is about 10 million tons, and the foundation of buildings is about 19 million tons. The problem lies in the amount of debris, and also the amount of materials in the ground. In this paper, lost material stock of each municipality, and the distribution of lost material stock in Ishinomaki and Higashimatsushima are described.

DOI： 10.3370/lca.7.374

Future scenario analysis on building stock demand of each prefecture

Study on the material stock of transportation construction associated with the development of infrastructure in China Reviewed

Tao Huang, Feng Shi, Jinling Fei, Hiroki Tanikawa, Hidefumi Imura

Vol. 24 page：印刷中 2010.11

都市の空間配置と二酸化炭素排出構造の関係に関する研究 Reviewed

奥岡桂次郎，大西暁生，白川博章，東修，谷川寛樹，井村秀文

環境システム研究 Vol. 38 page： 277-288 2010.10

Industrial Structure Change and CO2 Emission Associated with Infrastructure Development in China Reviewed

Fang Tao, Shi Feng, Hiroki Tanikawa, Fei Jinrin, Hidefumi Imura

Environmental System Analysis and Research Vol. 38 page： 301-307 2010.10

4d-GISと用いた都市重量の変化と建設資材のTMR指標によるリサイクル性に関する検討 Reviewed

谷川寛樹，山末英嗣，稲津亮，前新将

環境システム研究 Vol. 38 page： 413-419 2010.10

Onishi Akio, Kawamura Naoyuki, Okuoka Keijiro, Tanikawa Hiroki

Reports of the City Planning Institute of Japan Vol. 9 ( 2 ) page： 58 - 63 2010.9

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The City Planning Institute of Japan

In recent years, from the perspective of the finite resources of nature, transition to stock-based society which reduces the amount of material input and waste is expected. Material cycle in the construction sector is large, so it is essential to reduce the material flow in this sector to reduce environmental impacts. In order to understand the trends in the material flow of the construction sector, it is necessary to understand the future demand for stocks based on social factors. In this study, we focus on building structures and organize the factors affecting the demand for existing building. Also, we estimate future demand for building stock in each of the multiple scenarios that reflect the different social perspectives. As a result, demand for stock building per capita is different from nearly 10 tons in each scenario.

DOI： 10.11361/reportscpij.9.2_58

都市の物質代謝推計を目指した建築物の平均使用年数の地理的分析 : 北九州市を対象としたケーススタディー Reviewed

Environmental impact analysis of construction development―Compare China and Japan Reviewed

Tao Huang, Feng Shi, Jinling Fei, Hiroki Tanikawa, Hidefumi Imura

The 12th International Summer Symposium Vol. 12 page：印刷中 2010.9

紀伊半島北西部におけるミヤマフキバッタ属とダイリフキバッタ属（バッタ目，フキバッタ亜科）の分布 Reviewed

中尾史郎，小林怜史，谷川寛樹，神吉紀世子

南紀生物 Vol. 52 ( 1 ) page： 66-69 2010.6

平川隆之, 大西暁生, 高平洋祐, 谷川寛樹, 井村秀文

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 39 ( 1 ) page： 124 - 125 2010.3

前新将, 寺南智弘, 深堀秀敏, 大西暁生, 東修, 谷川寛樹, 井村秀文

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 39 ( 1 ) page： 126 - 127 2010.3

全国都道府県における社会経済構造の変化とマテリアルストックとの相関性に関する研究 Reviewed

河村直幸, 長岡耕平, 奥岡桂次郎, 大西暁生, 東修, 谷川寛樹, 井村秀文

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 39 ( 1 ) page： 122 - 123 2010.3

中国のセメント産業におけるマテリアルフロー分析 Reviewed

王ロセイ, 石峰, 谷川寛樹, 東修, 大西暁生, 井村秀文

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 39 ( 1 ) page： 128 - 129 2010.3

中国におけるインフラ建設の資材消費に関する研究 : 鉄道と道路を例として Reviewed

黄韜, 石峰, 谷川寛樹, 東修, 大西暁生, 井村秀文

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 39 ( 1 ) page： 130 - 131 2010.3

都市の空間配置と二酸化炭素排出構造の関係に関する研究 Reviewed

奥岡桂次郎, 大西暁生, 高島健志, 平野勇二郎, 白川博章, 谷川寛樹, 井村秀文

環境情報科学 = Environmental information science Vol. 39 ( 1 ) page： 136 - 137 2010.3

503 Developing of Urban Simulator toward Creating Low Carbon and Low Material Society : Target of Hosing and Commercial Building Sectors of Nagoya City Reviewed

ONISHI Akio, TAKAHIRA Yousuke, HIRAKAWA Takayuki, TANIKAWA Hiroki, IMURA Hidefumi

( 48 ) page： 497 - 500 2010.2

“ストック型”かつ“低炭素型”社会へ向けた都市構造物の物質・エネルギー消費の4Dマッピング: 名古屋市の建築物を対象としたケーススタディ Reviewed

谷川寛樹，大西暁生，高平洋祐，橋本征二，東修，白川博章，井村秀文

日本LCA学会誌 Vol. 6 ( 2 ) page： 92-101 2010.2

都市重量の計測と持続可能性評価(キャンパスノート) Reviewed

前新将, 平川隆之, 谷川寛樹

Finex Vol. 22 ( 130 ) page： 52 - 53 2010

Lifestyle and Household consumption pattern in Nagoya Reviewed

Moon Dami, Tanikawa Hiroki, Nakanishi Hitomi, IMURA Hidefumi

Abstracts for ILCAJ meeting Vol. 2010 ( 0 ) page： 208-208 2010

Study on the Material Stock of Transportaion Construction Associated with the Development of Infrastructure in China Reviewed

Huang Tao, Shi Feng, Fei Jinling, Tanikawa Hiroki, Imura Hidefumi

Papers on Environmental Information Science Vol. ceis24 ( 0 ) page： 149 - 154 2010

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Center for Environmental Information Science

Unprecedented infrastructure construction, particularly in the transportation sector, has recently taken in China. This study estimated the material stock of transportation construction in China from 1993 to 2007. The results indicated that the steel, cement, and sand and gravel stocks of the railway system increased 1.5, 2.1 and 1.6 times, respectively, between 1993 and 2007, but the wood stock decreased. The steel and cement stocks of the highway system increased 18 and 2.8 times, respectively. Steel recycling is thus becoming an important factor for transportaion construction in China.

DOI： 10.11492/ceispapers.ceis24.0.149.0

Four-dimensional Mapping of Building Material Stock and Energy Consumption for Stock-type and Low Carbon Society: A Case Study of Buildings in Nagoya City

TANIKAWA Hiroki, ONISHI Akio, TAKAHIRA Yosuke, HASHIMOTO Seiji, HIGASHI Osamu, SHIRAKAWA Hiroaki, IMURA Hidefumi

Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan Vol. 6 ( 2 ) page： 92 - 101 2010

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Institute of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan

Low carbon emission and less material input are the key factor of urban / regional environment planning. Construction sector use approximately half weight of material input of Japanese society. Successive estimation of Material Stock and Energy Consumption leads to clarify level of sustainability. The object of this paper is to clarify contribution of GIS for material stock and energy flow accounts. Material Stock and energy consumption of urban infrastructure in the near future were estimated using model with 4-D GIS (fourth dimensions geographical information systems), which includes spatial 3-D GIS with time scale. With using Historical Spatial Information, we could know successive change of material stock, energy consumption and CO2 emission, life span of urban structures, and future projection of material and energy balance of city.

DOI： 10.3370/lca.6.92

Framework for estimating potential wastes and secondary resources accumulated within an economy - A case study of construction minerals in Japan Reviewed

4d-GISを用いた都市重量の変化と建設資材のリサイクル性に関する検討

谷川寛樹, 山末英嗣, 稲津亮, 前新将

土木学会環境システム研究論文集 Vol. 38 ( 9 ) page： 413-419 2010

4D-GISを用いた都市重量の変化と建設資材のTMR指標によるリサイクル性に関する研究 Reviewed

谷川寛樹

環境システム研究論文集 Vol. 38 page： 413 - 419 2010

都市重量の計測と持続可能性評価 Reviewed

谷川寛樹

建築仕上学会FINEX Vol. 22 page： 52 - 53 2010

都市圏における人口配分と二酸化炭素排出構造の関係 Reviewed

奥岡桂次郎, 谷川寛樹

環境システム研究論文集 Vol. 38 page： 277 - 288 2010

家計消費支出構造からみた日・韓・中ライフスタイルの変遷とCO2排出量への影響の考察 Reviewed

谷川寛樹

第38回環境システム研究論文発表会講演集 Vol. 38 page： 7 - 12 2010

A Study on Socio-Economic Inpacts of a Sustainable Energy Flow System in the Philippines Reviewed

谷川寛樹

第38回環境システム研究論文発表会講演集 Vol. 38 page： 413 - 418 2010

Industrial structure change and CO2 emission associated with infrastructure development in China Reviewed

谷川寛樹

Environmental System Research Vol.38 page： 301 - 307 2010

Analysis on Evolution Tendency of Urban Energy System Structure in Shanghai City Reviewed

谷川寛樹

12th International Summer Symposium, JSCE Vol. 12 page： 331 - 334 2010

全国都道府県・政令都市における建設資材ストックの集積・分布傾向に関する研究 Reviewed

長岡耕平, 谷川寛樹, 吉田登, 東修, 大西暁生, 石峰, 井村秀文

環境情報科学論文集 Vol. 23 page： in press 2009.11

Authorship：Lead author Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

高度経済成長期に大量に蓄積された都市構造物の多くが耐用年数を迎え,今後廃棄物が大量に発生すると予想される.持続可能な社会を構築するためには廃棄物のフローや資材の投入量を少なく抑える必要がある.このため計画的に解体や撤去,修繕をするために,都市構造物の資材別でのストックを把握する必要がある.そこで本研究では建築物・道路・下水道を対象に都市構造物ストックを統計データにより推計し,GDP などの経済成長によりストックの集積・分布の傾向を明らかにする.結果,ストック密度は全国 116(kg/m2),政令都市 358(kg/m2)と面積あたりでは政令都市が大きい結果となった.現状においてはストック密度と経済状況の関係に多様な経済要因が作用していることが確認された.

*Framework for estimating potential wastes and secondary resources accumulated within an economy - A case study of construction minerals in Japan Reviewed

Seiji Hashimoto; Hiroki Tanikawa; Yuichi Moriguchi

Waste Management Vol. 29 ( 11 ) page： 2859-2866 2009.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Material stocks in economic society are considered to represent a reserve for wastes and secondary resources. From the viewpoints of proper disposal and reutilization of stocked materials, accurate estima- tion of the amount of materials that will emerge as wastes or secondary resources in the future is impor- tant. We defined materials that have a high probability of emerging as wastes or secondary resources as ``potential wastes and secondary resources" and estimated that amount for construction minerals in Japan as a case study. The following conclusions were drawn. (1) We classified materials that are input into economic society into four categories: potential wastes and secondary resources, potential dissipated materials, dissipatively used materials, and permanent structures. By clarifying the latter three non- potential wastes and secondary resources, we performed a more accurate assessment of the wastes and secondary resources that will emerge in the future. (2) The share of potential wastes and secondary resources was estimated to be about 30% of all construction minerals that have been input into and accu- mulated in Japanese economic society. (3) Information related to potential dissipated materials and dis- sipatively used materials will provide fundamental knowledge to support analyses of the environmental impacts and resource losses which these materials might generate.

複数年の空間情報を用いた都市重量の変化に関する研究－建築物・道路を対象とした和歌山市中心部でのケーススタディ－ Reviewed

稲津亮, 谷川寛樹, 大西暁生, 東修, 石峰, 井村秀文

環境情報科学論文集 Vol. 23 page： 89-94 2009.11

Authorship：Lead author Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

都市の成長に伴い，過去から現在にかけて大量の建設資材が投入されてきており，近い将来大量の建設副産物が発生することが予測されているが，再利用先の減少により，排出量と投入量のバランスの崩壊が危惧されている．そこで，空間情報を用い，過去から現在までの資材蓄積量を推計した．さらに，用途地域ごとに耐用年数を推計し，将来のマテリアルバランスの予測を行った．その結果，建築物からの排出量が2030年には290万トン，道路建設に投入される物質投入量が12万トンと推計され，排出量が投入量を約24倍を上回ることが明らかとなった．

Seiji Hashimoto, Hiroki Tanikawa, Yuichi Moriguchi

WASTE MANAGEMENT Vol. 29 ( 11 ) page： 2859 - 2866 2009.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Material stocks in economic society are considered to represent a reserve for wastes and secondary resources. From the viewpoints of proper disposal and reutilization of stocked materials, accurate estimation of the amount of materials that will emerge as wastes or secondary resources in the future is important. We defined materials that have a high probability of emerging as wastes or secondary resources as "potential wastes and secondary resources" and estimated that amount for construction minerals in Japan as a case study. The following conclusions were drawn. (1) We classified materials that are input into economic society into four categories: potential wastes and secondary resources, potential dissipated materials, dissipatively used materials, and permanent structures. By clarifying the latter three nonpotential wastes and secondary resources, we performed a more accurate assessment of the wastes and secondary resources that will emerge in the future. (2) The share of potential wastes and secondary resources was estimated to be about 30% of all construction minerals that have been input into and accumulated in Japanese economic society. (3) Information related to potential dissipated materials and dissipatively used materials will provide fundamental knowledge to support analyses of the environmental impacts and resource losses which these materials might generate. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.06.011

Development of an Urban Simulator for Achieving a Low Carbon City

４d-GISによる用途地域変更を考慮した建築物耐用年数の推計 Reviewed

寺南智弘，谷川寛樹，深堀秀敏

環境システム研究論文集 Vol. 37 page： 221-226 2009.10

Authorship：Lead author Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

高度経済成長期に大量投入されてきた建築物が更新時期を迎えるため，今後大量の建築副産物が発生す
ると危惧される．そこで，これまでにも統計情報を用いた耐用年数や建築資材蓄積量の推計が行なわれて
きた．しかし，統計情報からは建築物の滅失要因を特定することが困難であるという課題がある．本研究
では，より詳細に耐用年数・建築資材蓄積量を求めるためにGISを用い，地理情報の１つである用途地域
を考慮した推計を行なう．推計結果より，住居系用途地域における平均耐用年数は木造建築で35.1年，非
木造建築で27.2年となった．商業系用途地域においては木造建築が29.3年，非木造建築が21.1年となった．
また，工業系用途地域においては木造建築で21.9年，非木造建築で24.1年という結果が得られた．

全国の都道府県における地上と地下のマテリアルストック推計に関する研究 Reviewed

長岡耕平，稲津亮，東岸芳浩，谷川寛樹，橋本征二

環境システム研究論文集 Vol. 37 page： 213-220 2009.10

Authorship：Lead author Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

高度経済成長期に大量に蓄積された都市構造物の多くが耐用年数を迎え，今後廃棄物が大量に発生すると予想される．持続可能な社会を構築するためには廃棄物のフローや物質の投入量を少なく抑える必要がある．このため計画的に解体や撤去，修繕を行なう際，都市構造物の物質別でのストックを把握する必要がある．そこで本研究では，建築物・道路・下水道を対象に構造物の地上と地下へ投入，蓄積される資材量を統計データを用いて推計し，地上のストック量及び人間の目には触れない地下のストック量を明らかにする．その結果，1975年全体の地上ストックは25億トン，地下ストックは30億トンで，2005年の地上ストックは60億トン，地下ストックは76億トンであった．1975年と2005年のストック総量を比較すると2.5倍増加していることが分かった．

Onishi Akio, Takahira Yosuke, Tanikawa Hiroki, Imura Hidefumi

Reports of the City Planning Institute of Japan Vol. 8 ( 2 ) page： 84 - 87 2009.9

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The City Planning Institute of Japan

In order to achieve a low carbon city, it is necessary to target residential and commercial sectors and transportation sector. It is also important to include aspects of mid- and long-term visions on urban planning and national land planning. Therefore, this study constructs a simulator to evaluate effects of reductions of CO2 emission by changing of urban structures and by introducing saving energy technology. Concretely, this study estimates energy consumptions and CO2 emissions from residential and commercial sectors of Nagoya city from 2000 to 2050 by 500-m meshes. By acquiring the results from this study, we can understand the potential of reduction of CO2 emission by changing of urban structures and by introducing saving energy technology. Also, we believe that it would be useful information for urban planning, especially for the prevention of global warming.

DOI： 10.11361/reportscpij.8.2_84

Urbanization and subsurface environmental issues: An attempt at DPSIR model application in Asian cities Reviewed

Karen Ann Bianet Jago-on, Shinji Kaneko, Ryo Fujikura, Akimasa Fujiwara, Tsuyoshi Imai, Toru Matsumoto, Junyi Zhang, Hiroki Tanikawa, Katsuya Tanaka, Backjin Lee, Makoto Taniguchi

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT Vol. 407 ( 9 ) page： 3089 - 3104 2009.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

This paper synthesizes existing information and knowledge on subsurface environments to understand the major cause and effect relationships of subsurface environmental issues by using the DPSIR (Driving force-Pressure-Status-Impact-Response) approach as the framework of analysis. Description is given to the major subsurface environmental issues common among the selected Asian cities (Bangkok, Jakarta, Manila, Osaka, Seoul, Taipei and Tokyo), such as excessive groundwater abstraction, land subsidence and groundwater contamination. The DPSIR framework is used to analyze the issues and problems of subsurface in key stages and suggestions are made for additional indicators to improve our description of the stages of urban development for the future. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.08.004

Study of Accumulation / Distribution Tendency to the Material Stock of Construction Sector in All Prefectures and Mega Cities in Japan Reviewed

*Urbanization and subsurface environmental issues: An attempt at DPSIR model application in Asian cities Reviewed

Karen Ann Bianet Jago-ona, Shinji Kaneko, Ryo Fujikura, Akimasa Fujiwara, Tsuyoshi Imai, Toru Matsumoto, Junyi Zhang, Hiroki Tanikawa, Katsuya Tanaka, Backjin Lee and Makoto Taniguchi

Science of The Total Environment page： 3089-3104 2009.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

This paper synthesizes existing information and knowledge on subsurface environments to understand the major cause and effect relationships of subsurface environmental issues by using the DPSIR (Driving force–Pressure–Status–Impact–Response) approach as the framework of analysis. Description is given to the major subsurface environmental issues common among the selected Asian cities (Bangkok, Jakarta, Manila, Osaka, Seoul, Taipei and Tokyo), such as excessive groundwater abstraction, land subsidence and groundwater contamination. The DPSIR framework is used to analyze the issues and problems of subsurface in key stages and suggestions are made for additional indicators to improve our description of the stages of urban development for the future.

Nagaoka Kohei, Tanikawa Hiroki, Yoshida Noboru, Higashi Osamu, Onishi Akio, Feng Shi, Imura Hidefumi

Papers on Environmental Information Science Vol. ceis23 ( 0 ) page： 83 - 88 2009

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Center for Environmental Information Science

Quantifying urban material stock and unveiling the input history of construction materials could provide a new basic dataset for urban area assessment. Construction materials of the buildings, roadways and sewer networks are estimated based on statistical data. In this paper, total mass of construction materials are estimated over time with country and prefecture scale. The results indicate that overall Prefectures of stock density is 116 (kg/m2), Mega cities stock density is 358(kg/m2). The proportion was seen by the stock per person and the gross GDP per person.

DOI： 10.11492/ceispapers.ceis23.0.83.0

A Study on Changes of Urban Metabolism using Successive Spatial Data: Reviewed

Inazu Ryo, Tanikawa Hiroki, Onishi Akio, Higashi Osamu, Feng Shi, Imura Hidefumi

Papers on Environmental Information Science Vol. ceis23 ( 0 ) page： 89 - 94 2009

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Center for Environmental Information Science

A large amount of construction minerals has been stocked as urban structures over time. In the near future, materials from demolished structures cause new material flow as it became waste, but the demands of recycling material related to roadway construction and maintenance have been decrease. Therefore, we estimated the volume of Material Stock Accounts of urban infrastructure over time by using four damnation GIS database. In addition, lifespan of urban structure by landuse type is estimated for predicting the future construction material balance. materials discharged from buildings is approximately 24 times larger compare to the demand of roadway's construction.

DOI： 10.11492/ceispapers.ceis23.0.89.0

Analysis on Yearly Trend of Wide-Area Mileage of Biomass Industrial Waste and Its Reduction Possibility: Reviewed

Sato Masatoshi, Yoshida Noboru, Tanikawa Hiroki

Papers on Environmental Information Science Vol. ceis23 ( 0 ) page： 297 - 302 2009

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Center for Environmental Information Science

In this paper, we defined wide-area transportation ton-kilometer that multiplied transportation distance by quantity of the transportation as wide-area transportation mileage of industrial waste and analyzed the possibility of it's reduction by using a linear minimization model. As a result, it was revealed that the wide-area transportation mileage of sludge could be reduced up to 80 % of total and up to 60% in the case of wood waste at most.

DOI： 10.11492/ceispapers.ceis23.0.297.0

Urban stock over time: spatial material stock analysis using 4d-GIS Reviewed

Hiroki Tanikawa, Seiji Hashimoto

BUILDING RESEARCH AND INFORMATION Vol. 37 ( 5-6 ) page： 483 - 502 2009

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD

A huge amount of construction material is required in urban areas for developing and maintaining buildings and infrastructure. Ageing stocks, which were built during a period of rapid growth in Japan (1955-1973), will cause a new waste flow in the near future. In order to assess urban metabolism with regard to building and infrastructure, it is necessary to understand change in its material accumulation both 'spatially' and 'temporally'. In this analysis, material accumulation over time is elucidated using four-dimensional Geographical Information Systems (4d-GIS) data at an urban scale. An approximately 8km2 urban area of Salford in Manchester, UK, and 11km2 of Wakayama City centre, Japan, were selected as case study sites. In this analysis, the material stock of buildings, roadways and railways was estimated locally over time, using a 4d-GIS database: (1) to find the spatial distribution of construction materials over time, (2) to estimate the demolition curve of buildings based on characteristics of an area, and (3) to clarify material accumulation with vertical location, such as above and below ground, from the viewpoint of recyclability. By estimation of the demolition curve, the life span of buildings in an urban area was found to be shorter than the national average respectively at both sites: 81 years in the urban area of Salford compared with 128 years for the UK; and 28 years in Wakayama City centre compared with the Japanese national average of 40 years. In 2004, 47% of total construction material was stocked in underground infrastructure in Wakayama City centre.

DOI： 10.1080/09613210903169394