Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The current investigation examined the development of verbal display rule knowledge among
three age groups (elementary school children, adolescents, and adults) from the U.S. and Japan
(N=183). Participants predicted verbal display rule behavior (i.e. regulating the verbal expression
of emotion in alignment with social norms) and motives in response to two scenarios: a)
a conflicting opinions scenario in which two peers hold conflicting opinions, and b) a welfare
scenario in which expressing a true opinion is likely to cause emotional harm. Cultural differences
in response to the conflicting opinions scenario emerged gradually over development, with
Japanese adults endorsing greater emotion regulation than American adults; children and adolescents
in both countries, however, endorsed similar degrees of emotion expression. In response
to the welfare scenario, Japanese and Americans both endorsed the use of masking display rules to
protect the welfare of others, with display rule endorsement increasing with age for both groups.
Results contribute to a greater understanding of how display rule knowledge changes over the
course of development in a manner that is both culturally variable and context-specific.

DOI： 10.1016/j.cogdev.2019.100801

Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The Moral Foundations Dictionary (MFD) is a useful tool for applying the conceptual framework developed in Moral Foundations Theory and quantifying the moral meanings implicated in the linguistic information people convey. However, the applicability of the MFD is limited because it is available only in English. Translated versions of the MFD are therefore needed to study morality across various cultures, including non-Western cultures. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. We developed the first Japanese version of the MFD (referred to as the J-MFD) using a semi-automated method—this serves as a reference when translating the MFD into other languages. We next tested the validity of the J-MFD by analyzing open-ended written texts about the situations that Japanese participants thought followed and violated the five moral foundations. We found that the J-MFD correctly categorized the Japanese participants' descriptions into the corresponding moral foundations, and that the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ) scores correlated with the frequency of situations, of total words, and of J-MFD words in the participants' descriptions for the Harm and Fairness foundations. The J-MFD can be used to study morality unique to the Japanese and also multicultural comparisons in moral behavior.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0213343

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Psychological essentialism refers to a naïve theory concerning fundamental elements that bring a category into its existence. The present study examined the structure of this lay theory as well as its implicitness, with a special focus on social categories. In Study 1, Japanese college students rated a number of categories that were either natural-kind, social, or human artifacts, in terms of different elements of essentialist beliefs. A factor analysis revealed that entitativity and naturalness are the common underling dimensions across these category domains. We also identified some natural kind and human artifact categories that can be used as two extreme referent points for the examination of naturalness perceived in a whole array of social categories. Study 2 assessed implicit and automatic judgments on naturalness using a Go/No-Go task, and compared them to explicit judgments. Unlike natural kinds and artifacts, social categories were essentialized to a greater extent at the implicit level. These results suggest a dual process of intuitive and deliberate cognition particularly involving social categories, with implications concerning the bases of stereotypes and prejudices.

DOI： 10.1111/jpr.12246

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In a series of experiments using a memory-confusion paradigm, we found that, among Japanese (but not among Italian) participants, even a small age difference was sufficient to trigger spontaneous categorization of other people. We further demonstrated that specific language styles (i.e., polite versus intimate) accompanied the age-based categorization effect. We discuss implications of these findings for understanding the complex interplay between culture, language, and social cognition.

DOI： 10.1177/0022022113509882

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.0978

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In two studies, we test the prediction that current generations will only be assigned guilt for past atrocities when victim group members perceive high levels of cultural continuity between historical perpetrators and the current generation within the perpetrator group. Japanese participants were presented with information describing the current generation of Americans as either similar or dissimilar in personality to the Americans who were implicated in dropping the atomic bomb on Japan during World War II. The results of both studies revealed that victim group members assigned more guilt to current Americans when they perceived high (compared to low) outgroup continuity, and they did so relatively independently of the transgressor group's guilt expressions.

DOI： 10.1111/pops.12172

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.6213

DOI： https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.6213

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233989

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1027/1864-9335/a000350

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1177/0022022118784213

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0158370

Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Two experiments examined the influence of stereotypes on dyadic conversations. Undergraduate students listened to a recorded interview of a student who was described as either a member of their in-group or of an out-group. The interview contained stereotype-consistent (SC) and stereotype-inconsistent (SI) descriptions of each group. Participants' conversations about the stimulus person were content-analyzed. One most consistent result was that for the out-group target, participants made more SI than SC utterances and spent more time discussing SI information. The difference between SC and SI utterances disappeared (Study 2) or was reversed (Study 1) for the in-group target. These patterns were observed particularly when the stimulus information contained a balanced combination of SC and SI characteristics. Furthermore, the stereotypicality of the conversations was related not only to the participant's own judgments but also to the partner's judgments. The significance of studying stereotypes as collectively shared intergroup attitudes is discussed.

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Six studies are reported testing the hypothesis that Westerners (Italians) rely more on trait adjectives and East Asians (Japanese) more on behavior-descriptive verbs in person description and memory. The first two studies (N = 80 and N = 128) found that Italians used more adjectives and fewer verbs than Japanese to describe individuals and groups, both in general and when referring to a specific context. Studies 3 (N = 161) and 4 (N = 84) found a corresponding difference in memory distortions. Italians committed more memory errors indicative of inferences from behaviors to traits, whereas Japanese showed an opposite tendency (Study 3) or no difference (Study 4). A follow-up study (Study 5, N = 63) showed that communication norms such as politeness are an unlikely source of the above findings. Study 6 revealed that Italian and Japanese verbs and adjectives are functionally very similar, with adjectives providing more information about the actor, verbs about the situational context. Yet, compared to Italians, Japanese participants found adjectives less predictive of future behavior, but found it easier to image the concrete situation when judging adjectives. The studies are interpreted as providing evidence for systematic cross-cultural differences in the elaboration of social information.

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The present study examined how members of low status groups would react to a threat to their social identity. Undergraduates participated in a “simulated society game," and were divided into four groups, each of which was assigned either a high or low status. During a series of game sessions with intergroup competition and cooperation, participants estimated the range of distributions among in-group and out-group members regarding various traits. The central tendency and variability derived from each estimate were analyzed. Members of the low status groups deprecated their in-group with respect to a status-defining trait, but showed in-group favoritism regarding alternative, status-irrelevant traits. Furthermore, the low status members judged their in-group as more homogeneous than the out-group regarding the alternative traits, particularly when they were compared to a high status group. The results were interpreted as an indication of a subtle form of maintaining positive in-group evaluations. Theoretical and methodological implications for the study of status effects are discussed.

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

日本人の国家態度について、大学生サンプル（n=586）および一般成人サンプル（n=385）を対象として調査を行った。アメリカでの先行研究において見出された、「愛国心」「ナショナリズム」「国際主義」の各因子を再現するとともに、これらを上回る説明率を見せた「国家遺産へのコミットメント」の因子を同定した。この因子は、政治的保守主義と関連している一方、国際主義はリベラル・イデオロギーやメディアへの接触、国際的事象に関する知識などと相関していることを見出した。日本人の国家態度について、エティック・エミック両面からの実証的知見を提供している。

Language：Japanese  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.4189/shes.20.103

Language：English  

Authorship：Last author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Psychological Association  

<p>The present study compared two forms of reciprocity, namely, a selfish versus altruistic one. In two experiments, participants played two rounds of the dictator game. In the first round, they were all assigned the "recipient" role, and were either over- or under-benefited by the game partner in the "allocator" role. In the second round, the participants were instead assigned the allocator role, with the recipient being either the same partner from the first round or a new partner. The results consistently showed that those who had under-benefited in the first round in turn over-benefited in the second round, regardless of whether the partner remained the same or was replaced. In contrast, those who had over-benefited previously returned the favor, but this was the case only toward the same partner rather than the new one. Hence, selfish behavior was generalized to strangers, whereas a (an altruistic) favor was not generalized, being returned only to the original benefactor. Implications of the asymmetry in chain reactions, as well as methodological issues, are discussed.</p>

DOI： 10.4992/jjpsy.92.20301

Scopus

Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Last author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Morality not only serves as the standard of right and wrong behavior, it also plays a central role in people's everyday social interactions. The current study examined how mental representations of morality violations are shared across Western and non-Western cultures, utilizing Shweder's three ethics of Autonomy, Community, and Divinity. First, Japanese and American undergraduates were instructed on the definitions of these three ethic domains and were asked to freely describe any situations they could think of concerning violations in each domain. A subset of these descriptions of violations that correctly matched Shweder's original definitions were then given to a separate sample of Japanese and American college students, who then categorized each situation into one of the three domains and rated its wrongness. The results showed that Autonomy-violating situations resulted in a greater number of “errors" (i.e., classified into an unintended domain) compared to the other ethical violations, regardless of the place of origin for both Japanese and American participants. In addition, both Japanese and American participants were generally more accurate when categorizing home-generated (vs. foreign-generated) situations, particularly when they involved the Community ethic. On average, participants gave more intense ratings of wrongness to situations generated by members of their same culture. The own-culture advantage was most consistent for the Community ethic. Violations of the Community ethic may have the most robust and shared within-group interpretation because this promotes an adaptive fit into one's own culture.

DOI： 10.1007/s40167-019-00084-z

Authorship：Last author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

本稿では，法学の分野で議論されてきた「正義」の概念について，心理学的な実証研究によってアプローチすることの可能性を，近年の社会心理学分野における研究動向に言及しながら，そして4名の報告者による報告内容をもとに論考した．まず，分配的公正観と手続き的公正観との対比から生まれた社会心理学的研究の成果を概観し，さらに近年めざましい進展を見せる，応報的公正や修復的公正など種々の公正観研究の現状について論じた．次に，心理学全般に現在起こりつつある道徳性研究ブームの動向について概要を述べた．特に「道徳基盤理論」「直観判断者モデル」「関係モデル理論」の主要点を解説した．続いて，進化的観点からのアプローチの持つ貢献の可能性と問題点を指摘した．最後に，法学分野における規範論的観点と心理学等に見られる経験論的観点との対比をもとに，相互の協同関係の可能性を指摘した．両者を鳥瞰するメタ的な視点を獲得することによって両者の協同を促進することが可能であるとする筆者の主張を提示した．

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 21-26

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The present study empirically examined what constitutes a core attribute of an individual to be recognized as a “Canadian" citizen. In an experimental study, we manipulated the ethnicity and the place of birth of an individual, and measured the perception regarding the “Canadianness" of the target person. Results showed that majority Canadians (i.e., Caucasians) pay a greater attention to birthplace whereas ethnic minority perceivers pay a greater attention to ethnicity.

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Two experimental studies regarding corporate misconducts revealed that perceived "entitativity" of a group influences the perception of collective intentionality as well as collective responsibility.

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We compared high- vs. how-depression groups among college students with respect to their performance in a lexical decision task either under a though-suppression or a control condition. Results on the basis of a reaction-time measure showed that under the thought-suppression condition, the high-depression group responded more quickly than the low group, suggesting that the high level of depression may be associated with failure in appropriate allocation of cognitive resource.

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The present study examined effects of communicative goal on causal explanation of criminal cases. Japanese college students were presented with a criminal case, along with an equal number of potential internal causes and external causes. The extremity of the crime (i.e., murder vs. robbery) was also manipulated. Participants were asked to explain what led the protagonist to the crime, either in order to help another participant make judgments about the criminal person (i.e., communicative goal condition) or to use the explanation as a basis for their own judgments (i.e., individual goal condition). Participants then responded to a free recall task. The results revealed that the communicative goal facilitated the use of both internal and external causal information in explanations. Path analyses indicated that causal explanation mediated the effect of communicative goal on the memory of stimulus information.

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

人物属性の言語的表象を実証的に研究するための指標として有用な「言語カテゴリー・モデル」を日本語において構築した本邦では初めての試みの内容を報告した。さらに、ここで構築された言語指標を用いて、ステレオタイプの維持と関連すると考えられる「言語期待バイアス」の現象が、外集団を対象とした場合に顕著に見られることを、実験的研究によって明らかにした。

Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Two studies examined the effects of group inclusiveness and the strength of group identification on intergroup attributional bias. Thirty-seven Hakka students (Study 1) and fifty-three Chaoshanese students (Study 2) in China read scenarios in which members of an excessively inclusive in-group, optimally inclusive in-group, or an out-group engaged in desirable or undesirable behaviors. They then made causal attributions for each behavior. Results consistently showed that intergroup attributional bias (a tendency attributing desirable behaviors of in-group members to internal causes and undesirable behaviors to external causes; for events associated with members of out-groups, opposite directions of attributions are observed) was especially visible when the in-group size was optimally inclusive. Moreover, in-group identification with optimally inclusive in-group was stronger than that with excessively inclusive in-group and the strength of group-identification was correlated with the magnitude of intergroup attributional bias at the individual level. The results were interpreted from the viewpoint of Self Categorization Theory.

Language：English

Language：English

Language：English

Total pages：260   Language：English

Language：Japanese

社会心理学の幅広い領域をカバーした総合的教科書。初学者、専門過程の学生はもちろん、他領域の研究者にも社会心理学の重要事項に関する理解の助けとなるよう配慮してある。

Language：Japanese

『認知の社会的共有とコミュニケーション』の章を分担執筆し、言語とコミュニケ―ション、そしてその共有的基盤に関する社会心理学的研究について展望した。

Language：Japanese

Language：Japanese

Language：Japanese

第1章「対人関係と述語」（2～14頁）を分担執筆。社会的認知の中でも、人物の属性推論、原因帰属過程、偏見とステレオタイプなどに関する研究の成果をもとに、認知過程と言語的表象との関連について議論した。言語と社会的認知に関する現時点でのスタンダードなレビューを企図している。

Language：Japanese

第2章『人物の属性に関する「具体」と「抽象」―社会心理学的見地から―』を執筆。属性表現と認知表象との関連を検討した、実験社会心理学的研究を中心に、言語研究への社会心理学的アプローチの成果と問題点を議論した。

Language：Japanese

第9章「集団過程」を執筆。小集団研究と認知的研究の二つの研究潮流を主軸に、代表的な集団研究の成果を概観した。前者については、集団の形成と発達、リーダーシップ、集団意思決定過程を中心に、後者については集団間関係、集団の認知的基礎などについて議論した。

Event date： 2021.9

Venue：関西学院大学（オンライン）   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：明星大学（オンライン）   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：帝京大学（オンライン）   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

Venue：Seoul (virtual)   Country：Korea, Republic of  

Event date： 2020.9 - 2020.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

Venue：オンライン開催   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

Venue：立正大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：大阪府茨木市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Venue：University of Padova   Country：Italy  

Event date： 2018.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：仙台国際センター   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：追手門学院大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：関西学院大学 大阪梅田キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：University of Guelph   Country：Canada  

Event date： 2018.4

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2017.6

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：United Kingdom  

Event date： 2017.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Venue：Padova   Country：Italy  

Event date： 2014.10

Language：English   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Venue：Berkeley, CA   Country：United States  

Event date： 2014

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2012

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2012

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2011

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2010.12

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Event date： 2010.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2010.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

In this presentation I will propose that the study on the relationship between causal inference and the use of language may provide a useful framework for understanding indigenous as well as universal psychological principles. Research in causal attribution and blame has identified psychological processes that govern responsibility judgments across different cultural communities with a substantial level of universality. Specifically, the locus of causality and perceived controllability seem to b

Event date： 2009.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Event date： 2009.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Stereotypes are defined mental representations of group traits, and they are retained not only as a product of information processing by individual perceivers but also as a collectively shared tacit knowledge. To examine this shared nature of stereotypes, we conducted a series of experiments under communicative contexts. In studies using the “serial reproduction method," we demonstrated that stereotype-consistent information was described in more “abstract" terms, referring to traits and end

Event date： 2008.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

The role of language as a cultural basis of social cognition was discussed. Specifically, Issues such as linguistic representation of stereotypic cognition, and the relationship between judgments of responsibility and language use were discussed, on the basis of empirical data from my own research programs.

Event date： 2008.6

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

An invited presentation at a symposium organized under the title of “Social research around the world." I discussed the current situation in Japan under a major judicial reformation, and the possibility of social psychological approaches toward solving relevant social issues. Empirical data from my own research was reported and future directions were discussed.

Event date： 2008.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Social psychologists taking empirical perspectives have typically rejected the assumption of mind-like states in social groups. Assuming mental states in groups have been regarded as non-scientific. Our own research, however, has demonstrated that ordinary people easily presuppose that social groups and organizations can act mindfully, and thereby pursue responsibility for their acts and intentions.

Event date： 2007.11

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2007.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

ワークショップにおける話題提供者として、社会的ステレオタイプの自動的過程と統制的過程、それぞれの抑制過程とその効果、そしてコミュニケーションを介したステレオタイプの表出伝達の過程について、最近の研究動向を紹介した。さらに自身の研究データをもとに、抑制と表出のそれぞれに関する問題点と可能性を指摘した。

Event date： 2007.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

The judgment of causality constitutes only a part of legal decisions concerning liability and culpability, and yet it no doubt plays a significant role in these decisions. Legal experts are trained to adopt logical criteria in causality judgment such as the “but for test." In ordinary language, however, concepts such as causality, fault, and responsibility are mutually intertwined and often used interchangeably. Psychological studies also show that cognitive biases and heuristics as well as af

Event date： 2007.5

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

他者の行動を観察すると、そこから性格などの特性が非意図的に推論される「自発的特性推論」の現象がよく知られている。本研究では、特性だけでなく所属集団などの社会的なカテゴリーや役割についても自発的推論が喚起されることを示した。手がかり再生を用いた記憶実験において、社会的カテゴリー名を手がかりとして呈示した条件では、刺激文中に含まれた語と強く連合した語を呈示する条件や手がかり語のない条件よりも再生成績が優れることを示した。

Event date： 2007.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2007.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2006.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Country：Japan  

日本の心理学、特に社会心理学における研究とその成果の公表を国際化するための方策について、具体的な例をあげながら問題的を行なった。

Event date： 2006.6

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

The linguistic category model has been typically employed by research conducted in European
languages. A great deal of difficulty accompanies the attempt to apply the model to other
languages markedly different, such as Japanese. However, we will demonstrate that a functionally
equivalent categorization scheme of linguistic abstractness can be constructed for Japanese by
properly formulating indigenous predicates. The validity of this modified model will be illustrated by
results from diffe