KAKENHI (Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research) -
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糖尿病患者におけるレジスタンス運動中の眼圧上昇を防ぐ新規介入方策の開発
Grant number: 24K22253 2024.4
日本学術振興会 科学研究費補助金
片山敬章
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
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運動時の腹部内臓血流分布に及ぼす性別,加齢,運動習慣の影響 研究課題 International coauthorship
Grant number: 4423K10633 2023.4
日本学術振興会 科学研究費補助金
片山敬章
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s) Grant type:Competitive
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Grant number:23K10633 2023.4 - 2026.3
日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)
石田 浩司, 片山 敬章, 山岡 雅子, 鍛島 秀明, 片山 敬章, 遠藤雅子, 鍛島 秀明
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
本研究では,動的運動時における腹部内臓血流の変化に対する性差と加齢の影響を明らかにする.
動的運動時の腹部内臓血流および動脈血圧変化を若齢男女および高齢男女で比較する.
2023年度:18-29歳の若齢男女を対象とする.軽-中強度の膝伸展屈曲運動を実施する.若齢女性については月経周期も考慮する.
2024-2025年度:60-75歳の高齢男女を対象とする.軽-中強度の膝伸展屈曲運動を実施する.
動的運動時時の腹部内臓血流および動脈血圧の変化を,若齢男性,若齢女性,高齢男性,高齢女性で比較する.
背景:運動時には,適度な血圧の維持や活動筋へ酸素を供給するために,緻密な循環調節が行われる.この循環調節には,性差や加齢の影響があることが知られており,若齢女性では,同年代の男性と比較して運動時の循環応答が異なることが報告されている.また,若齢女性では月経周期の影響もまた運動時の循環応答に影響することも報告されている.我々は,これらの性差や月経周期による影響に,腹部内臓血管の応答が異なるのではと考え,研究を進めた.
方法:対象者を16名の若齢女性と14名の若齢男性とした.このうち,11名の若齢女性および10名の若齢男性で運動時の腹腔動脈血流を測定することができた.運動形式は動的な膝屈曲伸展運動とし,強度は30%心拍予備,時間は4分とした.測定項目は,心電図(心拍数),動脈血圧,腹腔動脈血流を連続的に測定した.腹部内臓血流の測定には,超音波診断装置を用いた.若齢女性では,月経周期の影響を見るために,卵胞期前期および黄体期中期に同じ測定を実施した.
結果:若齢女性および男性にて運動時の平均血圧は増加したが,その増加に有意な差は認められなかった.腹腔動脈血流は,両群共に運動直後より低下し,その低下は運動終了(4分間)まで維持された.腹腔動脈血流の低下の程度に若齢女性と男性で差は見られなかった.また,月経周期による影響も認められなかった.
まとめ:これらの結果から,軽運動強度における腹部内臓血流の変化に,性差および月経周期の影響はないことが示唆される.
若齢女性の月経周期に合わせた測定に時間を要すると思われたが,予定された研究期間で卵胞期前期および黄体期中期の測定を実施することができた.また,超音波診断装置を用いた運動時の腹腔動脈血流の測定は呼吸の影響を受けるため難しいが,呼吸数を20回/分に合わせ,呼気時のみを分析することで対応した.
高齢者では若齢者と比較して運動時の血圧増加(昇圧応答)が大きいことが知られているが,そのメカニズムはいまだ完全に明らかにされていない.また,加齢にともなう運動時の循環応答の変化は,男性より女性で大きいことも報告されている.我々は,この加齢に伴う昇圧応答の変化に,内臓血管の収縮の程度が関係しているかもしれないと考えている.今後は.高齢女性を対象として測定を進め,若齢女性の応答と比較することで加齢による運動時の循環応答メカニズムの解明を進める. -
高齢者における運動時の過剰昇圧応答に対する心肺圧受容器反射の役割の解明 研究課題
Grant number:23K24736 2022.4 - 2025.3
科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)
Authorship:Principal investigator Grant type:Competitive
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Developing a new respiratory muscle training: mimicking exercise-induced hyperpnoea
Grant number:19K22803 2019.6 - 2022.3
Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)
Authorship:Principal investigator
Grant amount:\6110000 ( Direct Cost: \4700000 、 Indirect Cost:\1410000 )
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運動時の呼吸をシミュレートした新しい呼吸筋トレーニングの開発
Grant number: 19K22803 2019.6 - 2022.3
科学研究費補助金
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Arterial blood pressure regulation during exercise by muscle pump and cardiopulmonary baroreflex
Grant number:19H03998 2019.4 - 2022.3
Authorship:Principal investigator
Grant amount:\17420000 ( Direct Cost: \13400000 、 Indirect Cost:\4020000 )
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Effect of muscle activation and contraction type on respiratory muscle warm-up and training
Grant number:18K10880 2018.4 - 2021.3
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
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タンデム自転車エルゴメータを用いた受動動作による末梢及び中枢血流応答
Grant number:18K10950 2018.4 - 2021.3
科学研究費助成事業
小野寺 昇
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
[研究の目的] タンデム自転車エルゴメータを用いれば、例えば前乗り被験者が能動ペダリングを担当すれば、後ろ乗り被験者は、受動動作のペダリングが可能となる。この方法を用いることにより受動的動作での筋血流量増大、筋温上昇、心拍数や酸素摂取量の増大を確認できる。受動的動作での末梢の活性化が脳血流の促進に寄与するのであれば、受動的な動作においても中枢の活性化が生じるという学術的な「問い」に答えることができると考えた。本研究の目的は、受動的なペダリング運動(passive movement)時の筋血流量と脳血流量の関連性の解明にある。
[研究実施計画] 本研究は、筋血流量と脳血流量を定量し、心拍数・酸素摂取量との関連性を明らかにする計画を立てている。
[研究の成果の具体的な内容] 回転数に依存する受動ペダル運動時の心拍数と前頭前野酸化ヘモグロビン濃度変化の関連性を明らかにした.被験者は成人男性7名であった.被験者は、受動的および能動的なペダリング運動(運動負荷;1.5kp、15分間)を行った.ペダル回転数は40rpmから80rpmとし,3分ごとに10rpmずつ増加させた.心拍数は心電計を用いて測定し、前頭前野の酸化ヘモグロビン濃度は、全頭測定型functional NIRS装置を用いて測定した.研究手順は、川崎医療福祉大学の倫理委員会によって承認された。心拍数は受動ペダル運動時および能動ペダル運動時にペダル回転数の増加に伴い有意に増加した.受動ペダル運動時の酸化ヘモグロビン濃度は,運動前に比べ80rpmにおいて有位に増加した.これらの増加は,能動ペダル運動に同調する受動動作の影響であると考えられた。受動ペダル運動者における前頭前野の血流量は増加した。
[研究の成果の意義・重要性] 本研究成果は、受動的動作での末梢の活性化が脳血流の促進に寄与する重要なエビデンスとなり、受動的動作が中枢を活性化させる可能性を示唆する意義を持つと考えられる。
本研究は、筋血流量と脳血流量を定量し、心拍数・酸素摂取量との関連性を明らかにする計画を立てている。研究開始から2年間経過し、受動ペダリング運動時の心拍数及び酸素摂取量がペダル回転数の増加に依存し、その増加は、有意であることを確認している。
2019年度には、受動ペダリング運動時の前頭前野の酸化ヘモグロビン濃度を全頭測定型functional NIRS装置を用いて測定し、脳血流量の定量への取り組みとした。その研究成果を「受動ペダル運動時の心拍数と前頭前野酸化ヘモグロビン濃度変化の関連性」として国際学会であるECSS2020(European College of Sport Science 2020, Spain)にエントリーした。ポスター演題としてアクセプトされているが、新型コロナウィルスによる影響で会期が延期になり、しかも開催地がスペインであることから参加の可否を勘案している。
2020年3月に受動ペダリング運動時の筋血流量と脳血流量の関連性に関する実験を計画していたが、新型コロナウィルスによる影響で実験実施場所である川崎医療福祉大学への分担研究者の移動が困難になったため、実験を延期している。
本研究課題の目標は、①筋血流量を定量し、酸素摂取量との関連性を明らかにすること、②脳血流量を定量し、酸素摂取量との関連性を明らかにすること、③筋血流量と脳血流量との関連性を明らかにすること、としている。
①と②については、すでにデータ取得済であるが新型コロナウィルスによる影響により、国内だけでなく、海外の学会の開催の延期になっているため、 PDCAサイクルにおけるCheck項目である学会発表などのよる研究成果の公表と評価を飛ばして学術誌への論文投稿を成果公表(DO)として推進する方策を立案している。
遅れている③の実験については、新型コロナウィルスによる影響が落ち着いた段階での実験の再開を計画することとする。
②の研究成果から当初予想していなかった新しい知見を見出した。受動ペダル運動者における前頭前野の血流量は増加したが、その一方で能動ペダル運動者の酸化ヘモグロビン濃度変化は,ペダル回転数の増加に伴い抑制された.なぜ抑制されたのか。ペダリング運動が定型運動であるためなのか、それとも、運動野における血流増加による前頭前野の血流抑制なのか。この知見に関する情報収集も進めたい。
本研究の目標は、受動的動作での末梢の活性化が脳血流の促進に寄与する重要なエビデンスとなることを検証するにある。受動的動作が中枢を活性化させる可能性を示唆する意義を持つ研究成果に結びつけたい。 -
Effects of exercise under hypoxic condition: Influence of different types of muscle contraction
Grant number:17H02155 2017.4 - 2020.3
GOTO KAZUSHIGE
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
Both cycling exercise and running exercise augmented carbohydrate metabolism compared with the same exercise in normoxia. Moreover, endurance exercise in hypoxia promoted muscle metabolism (muscle oxygen consumption). The findings from the present results suggest that endurance exercise in hypoxia facilitated carbohydrate metabolism with being independent of exercise modality (muscle contraction type).
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Interrelationships among cognitive, motor and cardio-respiratory functions during cognitive and exercise dual task performance
Grant number:17K01758 2017.4 - 2020.3
Ishida Koji
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
We investigated motor and cognitive dual-task performance with different task types or difficulties, and how aging affects them. We also explored the cardio-respiratory responses at the onset of dual-tasking.
The results were as follows: 1) The accuracy of motor tasks was decreased with cadences different from the preferred one, especially in elderly participants who pedaled more rapidly during slower condition. Dual-tasking deteriorated cognitive performance in all cadences and age groups. 2) The accuracy and constancy of motor tasks deteriorated with dual-tasking involving working memory regardless of age, while attention function was more affected by dual-tasks, and surprisingly improved in the elderly at difficult visual-search task. 3) Most cardio-respiratory responses were greater during dual-tasking compared with exercise only and were slower in the elderly. These increased responses by dual task were explained by the simple arithmetic sum of cognitive and motor effects. -
運動時の循環調節に対する呼吸筋活動の影響と心肺圧受容器反射の役割
Grant number:16KK0201 2017.4 - 2019.3
科学研究費補助金 国際共同研究加速基金(国際共同研究強化)
Authorship:Principal investigator
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Effects of respiratory muscle activation and cardiopulmonary baroreflex on cardiovascular regulation during exercise(Fostering Joint International Research)
Grant number:16KK0201 2017 - 2019
Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research)
Katayama Keisho
Authorship:Principal investigator
Grant amount:\13390000 ( Direct Cost: \10300000 、 Indirect Cost:\3090000 )
Work of breathing influences sympathetic vasomotor outflow during exercise. The subjects performed leg cycling at 40%, 60%, and 80% peak workload. At 60% and 80% cycling, proportional assist ventilator reduced work of breathing and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Lowering the normally occurring work of breathing during exercise results in commensurate reductions in MSNA. These results provide evidence of a sympathetically mediated vasoconstrictor effect emanating from respiratory muscles during whole body exercise.
Cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of sympathetic vasomotor outflow during exercise. MSNA was recorded during postexercise ischemia (PEI) after low- (PEI-L) and high- (PEI-H) intensity isometric exercise. PEI-L with leg cycling induced a significant decrease in MSNA, while PET-H with leg cycling did not decrease MSNA. These results suggest that cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of sympathetic vasomotor ouflow is attenuated by high metaboreflex activation. -
Developments of high-intensity intermittent training under hypoxic conditions for improving cardiovascular and metabolic risk maker
Grant number:16H03234 2016.4 - 2019.3
OGITA Futoshi
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
The present study aimed to clarify the effects of various high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) under hypoxic conditions on cardiovascular and metabolic risk makers. In this study, 4 types of HIIT were done under 2500m above sea level. Those protocols were as follows; 1) six 10s-bout at 220%VO2max with 10s rest, 2) ten 20s-bout at 150%VO2max with 40s rest, 3)ten 1min-bout at 100%VO2max x 10 with 1min rest, 4) six or exhaustive 15s-bout at 175%VO2max with 10s rest. Each training was done 4 days a week for 4 weeks. As the results, HIIT (Tr.1 to 3) that the subjects did not reach exhaustion did not improve any factors, but that exhaustive HIIT (Tr.4) improved significantly cardiovascular function and body composition. Our results suggest that it is very beneficial and effective to perform exhaustive HIIT to improve effectively cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. In other words, inexhaustive HIIT would be less effective even though it is done under hypoxic conditions.
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Cardiorespiratory responses during active and passive exercise using a tandem-bicycle ergometer
Grant number:15K01509 2015.4 - 2018.3
Onodera Sho
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
The purpose of this study was to clarify cardiorespiratory responses to active and passive exercise using tandem bicycle ergometer. As a result, oxygen uptake and heart rate responses to passive pedaling exercise, which was determined using our tandem bicycle ergometer, increased significantly in the number of pedal rotations. These data suggest that passive pedaling exercise using our tandem ergometer could be applied to the rehabilitation for the people exercise that is not able to do voluntarily exercise.
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Effect of respiratory muscle activation on cardiovascular regulation during exericse
Grant number:15H03079 2015.4 - 2018.3
Keisho Katayama
Authorship:Principal investigator
Grant amount:\16250000 ( Direct Cost: \12500000 、 Indirect Cost:\3750000 )
In this study, we attempted to clarify the effects of respiratory muscle activation on cardiovascular regulation. Study 1: Significant increases in arterial blood pressure and sympathetic vasomotor outflow appeared during exercise with expiratory resistance. Study 2: The increase in arterial blood pressure (ABP) during hyperpnoea was lower in young men compared to men. Study 3: During leg cycling with inspiratory resistive breathing, sympathetic vasomotor outflow was increased, accompanied by an increase in ABP. Young women, compared with age-matched men, had less of an increase in ABP. These results suggest that the attenuated inspiratory muscle-induced metaboreflex during exercise in young women could be attributed, in part, to a lesser sympathetic vasomotor outflow.
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運動時の循環調節およびパフォーマンスに対する呼吸筋活動の影響
Grant number: 15H03079 2015.4 - 2018.3
科学研究費補助金 基盤研究(B)
Authorship:Principal investigator
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The effects of exercise under hypoxia on cognitive function
Grant number:15K12664 2015.4 - 2017.3
ANDO SOICHI
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effects of acute exercise and severe hypoxia on cognitive function. The participants completed cognitive tasks at rest and during moderate exercise under either normoxic or severe hypoxic conditions. Cognitive performance improved during exercise under both normoxia and hypoxia, without sacrificing accuracy. However, under hypoxia, cognitive improvements were attenuated for individuals exhibiting a greater decrease in arterial oxygen saturation. The present results suggest that arterial desaturation and resultant biological processes attenuate cognitive improvements during exercise under hypoxia.
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Effect of respiratory muscle training in hypoxia on endurance exercise performance
Grant number:26560348 2014.4 - 2017.3
Katayama Keisho
Authorship:Principal investigator
Grant amount:\3640000 ( Direct Cost: \2800000 、 Indirect Cost:\840000 )
The purpose of the present study was to clarity the effect of respiratory muscle endurance training in hypoxia on respiratory muscle-induce metaboreflex. Collegiate male endurance runners assigned to a normoxic or hypoxic group. Before and after 6 weeks of respiratory muscle endurance training, cardiovascular response to an incremental respiratory endurance test was measured. Minute ventilation during the training increased progressively. Target SpO2 in the hypoxic group set at 80%. The change arterial blood pressure during the incremental respiratory endurance test reduced significantly after the training in both groups. No significant difference in arterial blood pressure during hyperpnoea was found after the training between the two groups. These results suggest respiratory muscle-induced metaboreflex is attenuate by respiratory muscle endurance training, but no additional effect appears when the training is performed under hypoxic conditions.
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Effects of exrecise training in hypoxia on glucome metabolism
Grant number:26282180 2014.4 - 2017.3
GOTO KAZUSHIGE
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
The present study determined influence of exercise in hypoxia on glucose metabolism. The findings from experiments over 3 years indicated that exercise, including pedaling exercise, running exercise, was effective for promoting glucose metabolism. Moreover, augmented glucose metabolism by exercise in hypoxia was commonly observed in athletes, normal people and obese people. Furthermore, exercise in hypoxia did not promote exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammatory responses, and oxidation stress compared with the same exercise in normoxia. However, exercise in hypoxia did not affect acutely glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity after the exercise.
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Development of a screening test to predict acute mountain sickness
Grant number:26560349 2014.4 - 2017.3
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research
Ishida Koji, SHIMAOKA Kiyoshi, OKAZAKI Kazunobu, YAMAUCHI Koun, ITO Yuka, GOTO Kanako, ITO Hatsue, SHIMIZU Kaori, CHO Rogyoku, SHIMAOKA Kiyoshi, OKAZAKI Kazunobu, YAMAUCHI Koun, ITO Yuka, GOTO Kanako, ITO Hatsue, SHIMIZU Kaori, CHO Rogyoku
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
In order to develop a screening test to predict who is more likely to suffer from acute mountain sickness (AMS), we examined the cardio-respiratory responses to acute and gradual (1%/min) decrease in inspired oxygen content (12-13%) during middle intensity (35-40%max) exercise at sea level and compared these between the subjects who had suffered and not suffered from AMS at high altitude. We recruited two subjects’ group, one was the university students who had climbed the same high mountain (3000m) and the other was the middle-aged and elderly who have well experienced in high mountains above 2500m. The results suggested that we had better adopt the gradual hypoxic protocol based on subjects’ comfort and safety, and that people whose arterial oxygen saturation falls rapidly and below 75% during hypoxic exercise, or whose minute ventilation and end-tidal CO2 partial pressure at each stage show lower and higher value respectively should be susceptible to AMS at high altitude.
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低酸素環境を利用した呼吸筋トレーニングの開発と持久的パフォーマンスへの効果
Grant number: 26560348 2014.4 - 2017.3
科学研究費補助金
片山敬章
Authorship:Principal investigator
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Effect of food, time, exercise type and intensity on exhaled acetone during exercise
Grant number:25350812 2013.4 - 2016.3
Nagamine Koichiro
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
Acetone is produced in lipolysis, and exhausted with exhaled air and urine. Therefore, acetone contained in the exhaled air is expected to be an indicator of lipolysis in our body. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various factors such as meal intake on the expired acetone and blood components during and after exercise by several exercise experiments.
In all conditions, expired acetone significantly increased during or after exercise compared to before exercise. Judging from variations in blood components, lipolysis and production of acetone in their bodies were promoted by exercise. However, the differences about variation in expired acetone were observed by several factors such as meal after exercise, exercise intensity, combination of different types of exercise.
In conclusion, acetone contained in the exhaled air might be useful as the indicator of lipolysis, if we adequately consider the conditions about exercise and meal. -
A developmental and practical study of the tandem-bicycle ergometer
Grant number:24500686 2012.4 - 2015.3
ONODERA Sho
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
We developed the tandem-bicycle ergometer. It verified that cardiorespiratory responses to submaximal exercise are the same between front and rear saddles. Thus it is clear that the tandem-bicycle ergometer has the same function as between front and rear saddles.
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Effect of exercise habit on cardiovascular and cerebral blood flow regulations: a fundamental research for preventing brain disease
Grant number:24300237 2012.4 - 2015.3
OGOH Shigehiko
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
In our country, it has been reported that 10% of elderly who is more than 65 years old, is Dementia. Recently, epidemiological studies suggest that chronic exercise training or exercise habit decreases a risk of cerebral disease including dementia. Therefore, for many researchers it is worthy to note the relationship between cerebral disease and exercise habit. However, cerebral circulation has some complicated physiological mechanisms, thus, we do not have any physiological evidences of the effect of chronic exercise training on preventing cerebral disease. In the present research project, as a fundamental study in this research area, we demonstrated new findings about the adaptation of cerebral blood flow regulation system related to cerebral disease to chronic exercise. In addition, we found the relationship between systemic circulatory or respiratory regulation system and cerebral circulatory system in this project.
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Effect of respiratory system on circulatory regulation during exercise
Grant number:24300222 2012.4 - 2015.3
KATAYAMA KEISHO
Authorship:Principal investigator
Grant amount:\18330000 ( Direct Cost: \14100000 、 Indirect Cost:\4230000 )
It has been thought that an increase in respiratory muscle activity affects cardiovascular regulation during exercise. We found that an enhancement of inspiratory muscle work causes an increase in sympathetic vasomotor outflow with a corresponding enhancement of arterial blood pressure during exercise. An enhancement of inspiratory muscle activity under hypoxic condition leads to large increases in sympathetic vasomotor outflow and BP. It is possible that this large vasoconstrictor activity reduces blood flow and oxygen transport to the working limb, thereby exacerbating limb fatigue and compromising exercise performance.
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呼吸系が運動時の循環調節に及ぼす影響
Grant number: 24300222 2012.4 - 2015.3
科学研究費補助金 基盤研究(B)
Authorship:Principal investigator
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Clarification of the effective way of breathing and its mechanism during aerobic exercise
Grant number:23500777 2011 - 2013
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
ISHIDA Koji, KATAYAMA Keisho, KOIKE Teruhiko, HOTTA Norio, IWAMOTO Erika, KATAYAMA Keisho, KOIKE Teruhiko, HOTTA Norio, IWAMOTO Erika
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
This study revealed that (1) repeated and exaggerated ventilation during exercise produced by short term aerobic training combined with chest wall restriction or inhalation of hypoxic gas, reinforced subsequent ventilatory response to normal exercise, indicating that learning should be involved in the respiratory control during exercise, and that (2) high intensity cycle exercise often induced a locomotor-respiratory coupling and resultant easiness during exercise, while during moderate intensity cycle exercise which was often used in aerobic exercise, there was no difference in cardio-respiratory responses between coupling and non-coupling so that the locomotor-respiratory coupling should have no beneficial effect on moderate intensity exercise. These results suggest that during aerobic exercise, we should keep in mind to breathe slowly rather than to synchronize respiration to locomotion, and that appropriate breathing way during exercise could be obtained from repetitive learning.
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The interaction between respiratory and cardiovascular regulations during exercise
Grant number:22700649 2010 - 2011
KATAYAMA Keisho
Authorship:Principal investigator
Grant amount:\4160000 ( Direct Cost: \3200000 、 Indirect Cost:\960000 )
The purpose of the present study was to elucidate 1) whether carotid chemoreceptors affects muscle sympathetic nerve activity and cardiovascular responses during exercise, and 2) the influence of inspiratory muscle fatigue on muscle sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure.
Study 1 : Muscle sympathetic nerve activity(MSNA), cardiovascular variables, and plasma norepinephrine(NE) concentrations were measured during leg cycling at 40% and 60% of peak oxygen uptake(V. O2_<peak>) while breathing hypoxic gas mixture. MSNA during exercise in hypoxia was higher than in normoxia. These results suggest that acute hypoxia augments muscle neural activation during dynamic leg exercise, and that the MSNA response during exercise in hypoxia could be different from the change in plasma NE concentrations.
Study 2 : MSNA and cardiovascular parameters were recorded during dynamic leg cycling at 40% V. O2_<peak> with or without inspiratory resistive breathing. The time-dependent increase in MSNA appeared during exercise with inspiratory resistive breathing, accompanied by an augmentation of blood pressure(BP). These results suggest that inspiratory muscle fatigue induces increases in muscle sympathetic vasomotor ouflow and BP during dynamic exercise. -
EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE TRAINING ON NEURAL AND HUMORAL SYSTEMS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR REGULATION
Grant number:21300239 2009 - 2011
SAITO Mitsuru
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
Endurance exercise training decreases resting blood pressure and increases blood flow distribution to skeletal muscles during exercise. To reveal the mechanisms of an adaptive change in cardiovascular regulation associated exercise training, muscle sympathetic nerve activity and catecholamine as neural and humoral factors were measured during submaximal exercise in endurance trained and untrained subjects. Sympathetic neural responses were greater in the trained than in the untrained group. However, the response of the humoral factors was the same in both groups. These results indicate that an effect of the exercise training on neural and humoral responses for cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms is not identical.
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Study on the effectiveness of diet or exercise therapy for young obese males in terms of insulin resistance.
Grant number:21500682 2009 - 2011
KOIKE Teruhiko
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
Appropriate lifestyle choices when persons are young and healthy are critical for the maintenance of life-long health in an ageing society. In the present study, diet and exercise habits surveyed among young obese males showed various characteristics. However, each individual had different lifestyle-related problems, which would demand individualized measures. Caloric restriction with exercise for 4 weeks strongly suppressed insulin resistance and chronic inflammatory status, but the effects were weaker by caloric restriction alone, indicating importance of exercise to enhance metabolic benefits with diet therapy.
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低酸素環境における運動時の呼吸循環調節メカニズムの解明
Grant number: 20700523 2008.4 - 2010.3
科学研究費補助金 若手研究(B)
片山 敬章
Authorship:Principal investigator
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Respiratory and cardiovascular regulations during exercise in hypoxia
Grant number:20700523 2008 - 2009
KATAYAMA Keisho
Authorship:Principal investigator
Grant amount:\4420000 ( Direct Cost: \3400000 、 Indirect Cost:\1020000 )
The purpose of the present study was to elucidate respiratory and cardiovascular responses at rest and during exercise in hypoxia. Study 1 ; the subjects breathed hypoxic gas mixture (12%O2) for 20 min. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) was measured before and after hypoxic exposure. FMD was increased after acute hypoxia, suggesting that acute hypoxic exposure could improve endothelial function. Study 2 ; the subjects performed cycle exercise at 40% and 70% of maximal exercise intensity in normoxia (21%O2) and hypoxia (12.7%O2). Arterial blood pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity during exercise in hypoxia (hypoxic condition) differed from those in normoxia. These results suggest that arterial oxygenation could affect arterial blood pressure regulation during exercise.
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低酸素暴露に対する身体適応の反復効果
Grant number: 17700488 2005.4 - 2007.3
科学研究費補助金 若手研究(B)
片山 敬章
Authorship:Principal investigator
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The effect of training on physical capacity during unilateral limb unloading in humans
Grant number:17300207 2005 - 2008
HIROSHI Akima
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
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低酸素暴露に対する身体適応の反復効果
Grant number:17700488 2005 - 2006
科学研究費補助金
片山 敬章
Authorship:Principal investigator
Grant amount:\3700000 ( Direct Cost: \3700000 )
我々のこれまでの研究結果から,1日1時間程度の間欠的な常圧低酸素環境への暴露により,高度4,300m以上,いわゆる高高所を模擬した環境においては,運動時の換気応答の増加が認められ,この増加が動脈血酸素飽和度(SaO2)の改善に貢献することが明らかにされている.これらの結果から,1日数時間程度の間欠的低酸素暴露により,高高所での高山病の軽減やパフォーマンス向上が推測される.しかしながら,この間欠的低酸素暴露がいわゆる準高所と呼ばれる高度2,500m程度における低酸素環境下での運動時の呼吸循環応答に及ぼす影響については不明である.そこで,本年度の研究では,短期間の間欠的低酸素暴露が,準高所を模擬した環境における運動時の呼吸循環応答を明らかにすることを目的とした.被験者は健康な男性21名とした(低酸素群14名,対象群7名).低酸素群をさらに酸素濃度の異なる2群に振り分けた:低酸素群1(7名),低酸素群2(7名).間欠的低酸素暴露には,低酸素テントを使用し,低酸素制御装置からの酸素濃度は低酸素群1では15.5%,低酸素群2では12.3%に設定した.1日の暴露時間は1時間,期間を7日間とした.7日間の間欠的低酸素暴露前後に15.5%の酸素ガスを吸入(高度2,500mを模擬)させ,安静時及び運動時の呼吸循環応答の測定を実施した.また,安静時において低酸素換気応答(HVR)を測定した.低酸素群2において,HVRの有意な増加が間欠的低酸素暴露後に認められたが,低酸素群1及び対照群では変化は見られなかった.高度2,500を模擬した15.5%酸素吸入による運動時の換気量及びSaO2にはすべての群において有意な変化は認められなかった.これらの結果から,短期間の間欠的低酸素暴露による低酸素換気感受性の変化は,準高所における運動時の換気応答に影響を及ぼさないことが示唆される.
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間欠的な低酸素暴露による運動効率の改善に関する研究
Grant number:15700413 2003.4 - 2005.3
科学研究費補助金 若手研究(B)
片山 敬章
Authorship:Principal investigator
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間欠的な低酸素暴露による運動効率の改善に関する研究
Grant number:15700413 2003 - 2004
科学研究費補助金
片山 敬章
Authorship:Principal investigator
Grant amount:\3500000 ( Direct Cost: \3500000 )
間欠的低酸素暴露による最大下運動時の呼吸循環応答ならびに持久的パフォーマンスの変化を明らかにするために,以下の実験を実施した.
実験1)被験者を15名の持久的鍛練者とした(低酸素群8名,コントロール群7名).低酸素暴露:には簡易式低酸素テントを用い(酸素濃度:約12%)時間及び期間は3時間/日,2週間とした.間欠的低酸素暴露前後に最大及び最大下運動テスト,3,000mタイムトライアルを実施した.2週間の間欠的低酸素暴露後,最大運動テストにおける呼吸循環応答は両群共に変化が認められなかった.低酸素群では,最大下運動時に酸素摂取量及び心拍数の有意な低下が認められた.3000mランニングタイムは,低酸素群で向上傾向が認められたが統計的に有意な差は認められなかった.各個人の最大下運動時における酸素摂取量の変化と3000mランニングタイムの変化との関係を見るために,それぞれの変化値(Δ)を求め,単純相関にてそれぞれの関係を求めた.その結果,最大下運動時の酸素摂取量の変化と3000mランニングタイムとの間に有意な相関関係が見られた.これらの結果から,間欠的低酸素暴露による持久的パフォーマンス向上に運動時の酸素摂取量の低下が寄与することが示唆された.
実験2)被検者を13名の持久的鍛錬者とし,低酸素群6名,コントロール群7名とした.低酸素暴露の方法は実験1と同様とし,時間を3時間/日,期間を1週間とした.間欠的低酸素暴露前後に最大及び最大下運動テストを実施した.1週間の間欠的低酸素暴露後,最大及び最大下運動時における呼吸循環応答には両群共に変化が認められなかった.これらの結果から,3時間/日,1週間の間欠的低酸素暴露では運動時の呼吸循環応答に影響を及ぼさないことが明らかとなった. -
高齢者の呼気中一酸化窒素および亜酸化窒素濃度に関する研究
Grant number:13878007 2001 - 2002
科学研究費補助金 萌芽研究
宮村 実晴
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
平成14年度では、先の平成13年度において日常生活で規則的な身体運動(大極拳、テニス)を行っている中高齢者で得られた研究成果を踏まえ、愛知県および宮山県の高齢者を対象に、呼気中一酸化窒素および亜酸化窒素濃度と体力あるいは日常生活における身体運動能力とどのような関係を有するかを明らかにしようとした。
被験者は愛知県老人ホーム入所者および富山県庄川町に在住する65歳以上の健康な高齢者73名である。各被験者を対象に安静時の呼気ガスを採集し、呼気中一酸化窒素および亜酸化窒素濃度を測定した。アンケート調査により各被験者の日常生活における身体運動を把握する、と同時に運動能力(シャトルウオーク、筋力、柔軟性、反応時間、開眼片足立ち、閉眼片足立ち)を測定した。
その結果、握力、全身反応時間、単純反応時間、開眼片足立ちおよび閉眼片足立ちは、庄川町の高齢者の方が老人ホームの高齢者のそれよりよい成績(p<0.05)であった。また呼気中の一酸化窒素濃度も庄川町の高齢者の方が老人ホームの高齢者のそれより高かった(p<0.05)。一方、年齢と開眼片足立ち(r=-0.29)、ファンクショナルリーチ(r=-0.29)、シャトルウオーク(r=-0.31)とそれぞれ有意の相関関係が認められた。
アンケート調査による日常生活における身体活動量は、庄川町の高齢者の方が老人ホームの高齢者と比べ、できるだけ歩く、畑仕事をする、運動教室にでかける、など日常生活において自身の体を使うよう心掛けていることが明らかとなった。
以上の結果は、持久性能力(体力)あるいは運動能力は加齢と共に低下するが、体力の低下は日常生活における身体活動量に影響されることを示唆するものである。なお、庄川町の高齢者における呼気中の一酸化窒素濃度が老人ホームの高齢者のそれより何故高かったか、また呼気中の一酸化窒素濃度と体力との関係については今後の検討課題である。 -
間欠的な低酸素暴露が持久的パフォーマンスに及ぼす影響
Grant number:01J01245 2001
日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費
片山 敬章
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)