Updated on 2024/03/29

写真a

 
NISHITANI, Nozomu
 
Organization
Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research Center for International Collaborative Research Associate professor
Graduate School
Graduate School of Engineering
Title
Associate professor
Contact information
メールアドレス

Degree 2

  1. 博士(理学) ( 1992.3 ) 

  2. 理学修士

Research Areas 1

  1. Others / Others  / 超高層物理学

Current Research Project and SDGs 2

  1. 大型短波レーダーによる中・高緯度電離圏・熱圏ダイナミクスの研究

  2. Study of aurora dynamics

Research History 2

  1. Nagoya University   Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research Center for International Collaborative Research   Associate professor

    2015.10

  2. Nagoya University   Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Geospace Research Center   Associate professor

    2007.4 - 2015.9

Education 2

  1. The University of Tokyo   Graduate School, Division of Science

    - 1987

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    Country: Japan

  2. The University of Tokyo   Faculty of Science

    - 1985

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    Country: Japan

Professional Memberships 2

  1. American Geophysical Union   life member

    1992.3

  2. 地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会

Committee Memberships 2

  1. SuperDARN Executive Council   Executive Council Member  

    1995.5   

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    Committee type:Academic society

    vice Chair from 2019 to present

  2. Earth, Planets and Space Editorial Board   vice Editor-in-chief  

    2016.7 - 2020.12   

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    Committee type:Academic society

Awards 1

  1. Tanakadate Award, Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences

    2015.5   Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences  

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    Country:Japan

 

Papers 91

  1. Thermospheric Wind Response to March 2023 Storm: Largest Wind Ever Observed With a Fabry-Perot Interferometer in Tromsø, Norway Since 2009

    Oyama, S; Vanhamäki, H; Cai, L; Shinbori, A; Hosokawa, K; Sakanoi, T; Shiokawa, K; Aikio, A; Virtanen, II; Ogawa, Y; Miyoshi, Y; Kurita, S; Nishitani, N

    SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS   Vol. 22 ( 3 )   2024.3

  2. Space weather with an arc's ∼2 h trip across the nightside polar cap

    Lyons, LR; Nishimura, Y; Liu, J; Yadav, S; Zou, Y; Bristow, WA; Donovan, E; Nishitani, N

    FRONTIERS IN ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCES   Vol. 10   2024.1

  3. New aspects of the upper atmospheric disturbances caused by the explosive eruption of the 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano

    Shinbori, A; Otsuka, Y; Sori, T; Nishioka, M; Septi, P; Tsuda, T; Nishitani, N; Kumamoto, A; Tsuchiya, F; Matsuda, S; Kasahara, Y; Matsuoka, A; Nakamura, S; Miyoshi, Y; Shinohara, I

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   Vol. 75 ( 1 )   2023.11

  4. Nightside High-Latitude Phase and Amplitude Scintillation During a Substorm Using 1-Second Scintillation Indices

    Nishimura, Y; Kelly, T; Jayachandran, PT; Mrak, S; Semeter, JL; Donovan, EF; Angelopoulos, V; Nishitani, N

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 128 ( 8 )   2023.8

  5. IMF Dependence of Midnight Bifurcation in the Thermospheric Wind at an Auroral Latitude Based on Nine Winter Measurements in Tromso, Norway

    Oyama, S; Hosokawa, K; Vanhamäki, H; Aikio, A; Sakanoi, T; Cai, L; Virtanen, II; Shiokawa, K; Nishitani, N; Shinbori, A; Ogawa, Y

    GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS   Vol. 50 ( 14 )   2023.7

  6. Geomagnetic activity dependence and dawn-dusk asymmetry of thermospheric winds from 9-year measurements with a Fabry-Perot interferometer in Tromso, Norway

    Oyama, SI; Aikio, A; Sakanoi, T; Hosokawa, K; Vanhamäki, H; Cai, L; Virtanen, I; Pedersen, M; Shiokawa, K; Shinbori, A; Nishitani, N; Ogawa, Y

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   Vol. 75 ( 1 )   2023.5

  7. Unsolved problems: Mesoscale polar cap flow channels' structure, propagation, and effects on space weather disturbances

    Lyons, LR; Nishimura, Y; Liu, J; Zou, Y; Bristow, WA; Yadav, S; Donovan, E; Nishitani, N; Shiokawa, K; Hosokawa, K

    FRONTIERS IN ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCES   Vol. 10   2023.4

  8. First Detection of Midlatitude Plasma Bubble by SuperDARN During a Geomagnetic Storm on May 27 and 28, 2017

    Sori, T; Shinbori, A; Otsuka, Y; Nishioka, M; Perwitasari, S; Nishitani, N

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 128 ( 4 )   2023.4

  9. Special issue "20th anniversary issue: earth, planetary, and space science in the next decade"

    Ogawa Yasuo, Nishitani Nozomu, Furuya Masato, Acocella Valerio, Hussmann Hauke

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   Vol. 75 ( 1 )   2023.1

  10. A Statistical Study of Longitudinal Extent of Pc1 Pulsations Using Seven PWING Ground Stations at Subauroral Latitudes

    Liu, J; Shiokawa, K; Oyama, SI; Otsuka, Y; Jun, CW; Nose, M; Nagatsuma, T; Sakaguchi, K; Kadokura, A; Ozaki, M; Connors, M; Baishev, D; Nishitani, N; Oinats, A; Kurkin, V; Raita, T

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 128 ( 1 )   2023.1

  11. Oscillations of the Ionosphere Caused by the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Observed With SuperDARN Radars

    Zhang Jiaojiao, Xu Jiyao, Wang Wei, Wang Guojun, Ruohoniemi J. Michael, Shinbori Atsuki, Nishitani Nozomu, Wang Chi, Deng Xiang, Lan Ailan, Yan Jingye

    GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS   Vol. 49 ( 20 )   2022.10

  12. Geospace Concussion: Global Reversal of Ionospheric Vertical Plasma Drift in Response to a Sudden Commencement

    Shi Xueling, Lin Dong, Wang Wenbin, Baker Joseph B. H., Weygand James M., Hartinger Michael D., Merkin Viacheslav G., Ruohoniemi J. Michael, Pham Kevin, Wu Haonan, Angelopoulos Vassilis, McWilliams Kathryn A., Nishitani Nozomu, Shepherd Simon G.

    GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS   Vol. 49 ( 19 )   2022.10

  13. Unified Theory of the Arc Auroras: Formation Mechanism of the Arc Auroras Conforming General Principles of Convection and FAC Generation

    Tanaka T., Watanabe M., Ebihara Y., Fujita S., Nishitani N., Kataoka R.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 127 ( 9 )   2022.9

  14. Interpretation of the Theta Aurora Based on the Null-Separator Structure

    Tanaka T., Ebihara Y., Watanabe M., Fujita S., Nishitani N., Kataoka R.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 127 ( 8 )   2022.8

  15. Electromagnetic conjugacy of ionospheric disturbances after the 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption as seen in GNSS-TEC and SuperDARN Hokkaido pair of radars observations

    Shinbori Atsuki, Otsuka Yuichi, Sori Takuya, Nishioka Michi, Perwitasari Septi, Tsuda Takuo, Nishitani Nozomu

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   Vol. 74 ( 1 )   2022.7

  16. Interaction Between Proton Aurora and Stable Auroral Red Arcs Unveiled by Citizen Scientist Photographs

    Nishimura Y., Bruus E., Karvinen E., Martinis C. R., Dyer A., Kangas L., Rikala H. K., Donovan E. F., Nishitani N., Ruohoniemi J. M.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 127 ( 7 )   2022.7

  17. On the Noise Estimation in Super Dual Auroral Radar Network Data

    Ponomarenko P. V, Bland E. C., McWilliams K. A., Nishitani N.

    RADIO SCIENCE   Vol. 57 ( 6 )   2022.6

  18. Small-Scale Irregularities Within Polarization Jet/SAID During Geomagnetic Activity

    Sinevich A. A., Chernyshov A. A., Chugunin D. V, Oinats A. V, Clausen L. B. N., Miloch W. J., Nishitani N., Mogilevsky M. M.

    GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS   Vol. 49 ( 8 )   2022.4

  19. Statistical Study of Seasonal and Solar Activity Dependence of Nighttime MSTIDs Occurrence Using the SuperDARN Hokkaido Pair of Radars

    Hazeyama W., Nishitani N., Hori T., Nakamura T., Perwitasari S.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 127 ( 4 )   2022.4

  20. Multi-Scale Density Structures in the Plasmaspheric Plume During a Geomagnetic Storm

    Nishimura Y., Goldstein J., Martinis C., Ma Q., Li W., Zhang S. R., Coster A. J., Mrak S., Semeter J. L., Nishitani N., Ruohoniemi J. M., Shepherd S. G.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 127 ( 3 )   2022.3

  21. Statistical Characteristics of Mid-Latitude Ionospheric Irregularities at Geomagnetic Quiet Time: Observations From the Jiamusi and Hokkaido East SuperDARN HF Radars

    Wang W., Zhang J. J., Wang C., Nishitani N., Yan J. Y., Lan A. L., Deng X., Qiu H. B.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 127 ( 1 )   2022.1

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    Language:Japanese  

    DOI: 10.1029/2021JA029502

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  22. Roles of the M-I Coupling and Plasma Sheet Dissipation on the Growth-Phase Thinning and Subsequent Transition to the Onset

    Tanaka T., Ebihara Y., Watanabe M., Den M., Fujita S., Kikuchi T., Hashimoto K. K., Nishitani N., Kataoka R.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 126 ( 12 )   2021.12

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    Language:Japanese  

    DOI: 10.1029/2021JA029925

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  23. The Role of Flare-Driven Ionospheric Electron Density Changes on the Doppler Flash Observed by SuperDARN HF Radars

    Chakraborty S., Qian L., Ruohoniemi J. M., Baker J. B. H., McInerney J. M., Nishitani N.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 126 ( 8 )   2021.8

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    DOI: 10.1029/2021JA029300

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  24. Development of remote HF wave receiver in the backlobe direction of the SuperDARN Hokkaido East radar: Initial observations

    Nishitani Nozomu, Hamaguchi Yoshiyuki, Hori Tomoaki

    POLAR SCIENCE   Vol. 28   2021.6

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  25. Editorial: Special issue: "SuperDARN/Studies of Geospace Dynamics - Today and Future"

    Yukimatu Akira Sessai, Grocott Adrian, Thomas Evan G., Nagatsuma Tsutomu, Nishitani Nozomu, Hosokawa Keisuke, Watanabe Masakazu

    POLAR SCIENCE   Vol. 28   2021.6

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  26. Evolution of Mid-latitude Density Irregularities and Scintillation in North America During the 7-8 September 2017 Storm

    Nishimura Y., Mrak S., Semeter J. L., Coster A. J., Jayachandran P. T., Groves K. M., Knudsen D. J., Nishitani N., Ruohoniemi J. M.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 126 ( 6 )   2021.6

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    Language:Japanese  

    DOI: 10.1029/2021JA029192

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  27. History of Japanese SuperDARN: Initiation of SENSU Syowa radars and progress of Japanese radar project

    Sato Natsuo, Ogawa Tadahiko, Yamagishi Hisao, Yukimatu Akira Sessai, Nishitani Nozomu, Kikuchi Takashi, Nozaki Kenro, Igarashi Kiyoshi, Nagatsuma Tsutomu

    POLAR SCIENCE   Vol. 28   2021.6

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  28. Cusp Dynamics and Polar Cap Patch Formation Associated With a Small IMF Southward Turning

    Nishimura Y., Sadler F. B., Varney R. H., Gilles R., Zhang S. R., Coster A. J., Nishitani N., Otto A.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 126 ( 5 )   2021.5

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    DOI: 10.1029/2020JA029090

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  29. Source Region and Propagation of Dayside Large-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances

    Nishimura Y., Zhang S. R., Lyons L. R., Deng Y., Coster A. J., Moen J. I, Clausen L. B., Bristow W. A., Nishitani N.

    GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS   Vol. 47 ( 19 )   2020.10

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    DOI: 10.1029/2020GL089451

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  30. Dayside Polar Cap Density Enhancements Formed During Substorms

    Goodwin L. V., Nishimura Y., Coster A. J., Zhang S., Nishitani N., Ruohoniemi J. M., Anderson B. J., Zhang Q. -H.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 125 ( 10 )   2020.10

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    DOI: 10.1029/2020JA028101

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  31. Spatial Extent of Quasiperiodic Emissions Simultaneously Observed by Arase and Van Allen Probes on 29 November 2018

    Martinez-Calderon C., Nemec F., Katoh Y., Shiokawa K., Kletzing C., Hospodarsky G., Santolik O., Kasahara Y., Matsuda S., Kumamoto A., Tsuchiya F., Matsuoka A., Shoji M., Teramoto M., Kurita S., Miyoshi Y., Ozaki M., Nishitani N., Oinats A. V., Kurkin V. I.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 125 ( 9 )   2020.9

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    DOI: 10.1029/2020JA028126

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  32. Dynamics of Auroral Precipitation Boundaries Associated With STEVE and SAID

    Nishimura Y., Donovan E. F., Angelopoulos V., Nishitani N.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 125 ( 8 )   2020.8

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    DOI: 10.1029/2020JA028067

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  33. Magnetospheric Conditions for STEVE and SAID: Particle Injection, Substorm Surge, and Field-Aligned Currents

    Nishimura Y., Yang J., Weygand J. M., Wang W., Kosar B., Donovan E. F., Angelopoulos V., Paxton L. J., Nishitani N.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 125 ( 8 )   2020.8

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    DOI: 10.1029/2020JA027782

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  34. On the Origin of Far-Aspect Angle Irregularity Regions Seen by HF Radars at 100-km Altitude

    St-Maurice J. -P., Nishitani N.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 125 ( 6 )   2020.6

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    DOI: 10.1029/2019JA027473

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  35. A framework for estimating spherical vector fields using localized basis functions and its application to SuperDARN data processing

    Nakano S., Hori T., Seki K., Nishitani N.

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   Vol. 72 ( 1 )   2020.4

  36. Comparison of SuperDARN peak electron density estimates based on elevation angle measurements to ionosonde and incoherent scatter radar measurements

    Koustov Alexander V., Ullrich Sydney, Ponomarenko Pavlo V., Gillies Robert G., Themens David R., Nishitani Nozomu

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   Vol. 72 ( 1 )   2020.3

  37. Unprecedented Hemispheric Asymmetries During a Surprise Ionospheric Storm: A Game of Drivers

    Astafyeva Elvira, Bagiya Mala S., Foerster Matthias, Nishitani Nozomu

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 125 ( 3 )   2020.3

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    DOI: 10.1029/2019JA027261

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  38. First Observation of Ionospheric Convection From the Jiamusi HF Radar During a Strong Geomagnetic Storm

    Zhang J. J., Wang W., Wang C., Lan A. L., Yan J. Y., Xiang D., Zhang Q. H., Ruohoniemi J. M., Kunduri B. S. R., Nishitani N., Shi X., Qiu H. B.

    EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE   Vol. 7 ( 1 )   2020.1

  39. Method for Estimating Neutral Wind Azimuth using 2D TID Propagation Parameters

    Tolstikov Maxim V, Oinats Alexey V, Medvedeva Irina V, Nishitani Nozomu

    2020 XXXIIIRD GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF RADIO SCIENCE     2020

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  40. Sluggishness of the Ionosphere: Characteristic time-lag in Response to Solar Flares

    Chakraborty S., Ruohoniemi J. M., Baker J. B. H., Fiori R. A. D., Zawdie K. A., Bailey S., Nishitani N., Drob D.

    2020 XXXIIIRD GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF RADIO SCIENCE     2020

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  41. Occurrence of F region echoes for the polar cap SuperDARN radars

    Koustov Alexander V., Ullrich Sydney, Ponomarenko Pavlo V., Nishitani Nozomu, Marcucci Federica M., Bristow William A.

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   Vol. 71 ( 1 )   2019.10

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    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-019-1092-9

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  42. Special issue "Recent Advances in MST and EISCAT/Ionospheric Studies - Special Issue of the Joint MST15 and EISCAT18 Meetings, May 2017" PREFACE

    Yamamoto Mamoru, Hocking Wayne K., Nozawa Satonori, Vierinen Juha, Liu Huixin, Nishitani Nozomu

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   Vol. 71 ( 1 )   2019.9

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    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-019-1070-2

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  43. A Study of SuperDARN Response to Co-occurring Space Weather Phenomena

    Chakraborty S., Baker J. B. H., Ruohoniemi J. M., Kunduri B., Nishitani N., Shepherd S. G.

    SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS   Vol. 17 ( 9 ) page: 1351-1363   2019.9

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1029/2019SW002179

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  44. Review of the accomplishments of mid-latitude Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radars (vol 6 , pg 27, 2019)

    Nishitani Nozomu, Ruohoniemi John Michael, Lester Mark, Baker Joseph Benjamin Harold, Koustov Alexandre Vasilyevich, Shepherd Simon G., Chisham Gareth, Hori Tomoaki, Thomas Evan G., Makarevich Roman A., Marchaudon Aurelie, Ponomarenko Pavlo, Wild James A., Milan Stephen E., Bristow William A., Devlin John, Miller Ethan, Greenwald Raymond A., Ogawa Tadahiko, Kikuchi Takashi

    PROGRESS IN EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE   Vol. 6   2019.7

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    DOI: 10.1186/s40645-019-0300-3

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  45. Global Diagnostics of Ionospheric Absorption During X-Ray Solar Flares Based on 8-to 20-MHz Noise Measured by Over-the-Horizon Radars

    Berngardt O. I, Ruohoniemi J. M., St-Maurice J-P, Marchaudon A., Kosch M. J., Yukimatu A. S., Nishitani N., Shepherd S. G., Marcucci M. F., Hu H., Nagatsuma T., Lester M.

    SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS   Vol. 17 ( 6 ) page: 907 - 924   2019.6

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    DOI: 10.1029/2018SW002130

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  46. Response of the Ionosphere-Plasmasphere Coupling to the September 2017 Storm:What Erodes the Plasmasphere so Severley?

    Obana Yuki, Maruyama Naomi, Shinbori Atsuki, Hashimoto Kumiko K., Fedrizzi Mariangel, Nose Masahito, Otsuka Yuichi, Nishitani Nozomu, Hori Tomoaki, Kumamoto Atsushi, Tsuchiya Fuminori, Matsuda Shoya, Matsuoka Ayako, Kasahara Yoshiya, Yoshikawa Akimasa, Miyoshi Yoshizumi, Shinohara Iku

    SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS   Vol. 17 ( 6 ) page: 861 - 876   2019.6

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    DOI: 10.1029/2019SW002168

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  47. Local time extent of magnetopause reconnection using space-ground coordination

    Zou Ying, Walsh Brian M., Nishimura Yukitoshi, Angelopoulos Vassilis, Ruohoniemi J. Michael, McWilliams Kathryn A., Nishitani Nozomu

    ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE   Vol. 37 ( 2 ) page: 215 - 234   2019.4

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    DOI: 10.5194/angeo-37-215-2019

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  48. Review of the accomplishments of mid-latitude Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radars

    Nishitani Nozomu, Ruohoniemi John Michael, Lester Mark, Baker Joseph Benjamin Harold, Koustov Alexandre Vasilyevich, Shepherd Simon G., Chisham Gareth, Hori Tomoaki, Thomas Evan G., Makarevich Roman A., Marchaudon Aurelie, Ponomarenko Pavlo, Wild James A., Milan Stephen E., Bristow William A., Devlin John, Miller Ethan, Greenwald Raymond A., Ogawa Tadahiko, Kikuchi Takashi

    PROGRESS IN EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE   Vol. 6   2019.3

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    DOI: 10.1186/s40645-019-0270-5

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  49. Visualization of rapid electron precipitation via chorus element wave-particle interactions

    Ozaki Mitsunori, Miyoshi Yoshizumi, Shiokawa Kazuo, Hosokawa Keisuke, Oyama Shin-ichiro, Kataoka Ryuho, Ebihara Yusuke, Ogawa Yasunobu, Kasahara Yoshiya, Yagitani Satoshi, Kasaba Yasumasa, Kumamoto Atsushi, Tsuchiya Fuminori, Matsuda Shoya, Katoh Yuto, Hikishima Mitsuru, Kurita Satoshi, Otsuka Yuichi, Moore Robert C., Tanaka Yoshimasa, Nose Masahito, Nagatsuma Tsutomu, Nishitani Nozomu, Kadokura Akira, Connors Martin, Inoue Takumi, Matsuoka Ayako, Shinohara Iku

    NATURE COMMUNICATIONS   Vol. 10   2019.1

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    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07996-z

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  50. Spatiotemporal development of pulsating auroral patch associated with discrete chorus elements: Arase and PWING observations

    Ozaki M., Shiokawa K., Miyoshi Y., Hosokawa K., Oyama S., Yagitani S., Kasahara Y., Kasaba Y., Matsuda S., Kataoka R., Ebihara Y., Ogawa Y., Otsuka Y., Kurita S., Moore R. C., Tanaka Y. -M., Nose M., Nagatsuma T., Connors M., Nishitani N., Hikishima M., Kumamoto A., Tsuchiya F., Kadokura A., Nishiyama T., Inoue T., Imamura K., Matsuoka A., Shinohara I.

    2019 URSI ASIA-PACIFIC RADIO SCIENCE CONFERENCE (AP-RASC)     page: .   2019

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  51. PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF SIMULTANEOUS RECORDING OF AURORAL AND GEOMAGNETIC PULSATIONS AT THE ISTP SB RAS STATION ISTOK

    Beletskii A. B., Rakhmatulin R. A., Syrenova T. Ye, Vasilev R. V., Mikhalev A. V, Pashinin A. Yu, Shiokawa K., Nishitani N.

    SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS   Vol. 5 ( 2 ) page: 39 - 44   2019

  52. Relation of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Characteristics with Planetary Waves in the Middle Atmosphere

    Tolstikov M. V, Oinats A. V, Medvedeva I. V, Medvedev A. V, Ratovsky K. G., Nishitani N.

    2019 PHOTONICS & ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM - SPRING (PIERS-SPRING)     page: 2176 - 2182   2019

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  53. Microscopic Observations of Pulsating Aurora Associated With Chorus Element Structures: Coordinated Arase Satellite-PWING Observations

    Ozaki M., Shiokawa K., Miyoshi Y., Hosokawa K., Oyama S., Yagitani S., Kasahara Y., Kasaba Y., Matsuda S., Kataoka R., Ebihara Y., Ogawa Y., Otsuka Y., Kurita S., Moore R. C., Tanaka Y. -M., Nose M., Nagatsuma T., Connors M., Nishitani N., Katoh Y., Hikishima M., Kumamoto A., Tsuchiya F., Kadokura A., Nishiyama T., Inoue T., Imamura K., Matsuoka A., Shinohara I.

    GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS   Vol. 45 ( 22 ) page: 12125-12134   2018.11

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    DOI: 10.1029/2018GL079812

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  54. Driving of strong nightside reconnection and geomagnetic activity by polar cap flows: Application to CME shocks and possibly other situations

    Lyons L. R., Gallardo-Lacourt B., Zou Y., Nishimura Y., Anderson P., Angelopoulos V., Donovan E. F., Ruohoniemi J. M., Mitchell E., Paxton L. J., Nishitani N.

    JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS   Vol. 177   page: 73-83   2018.10

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2017.09.013

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  55. Substorm-Associated Ionospheric Flow Fluctuations During the 27 March 2017 Magnetic Storm: SuperDARN-Arase Conjunction

    Hori T., Nishitani N., Shepherd S. G., Ruohoniemi J. M., Connors M., Teramoto M., Nakano S., Seki K., Takahashi N., Kasahara S., Yokota S., Mitani T., Takashima T., Higashio N., Matsuoka A., Asamura K., Kazama Y., Wang S. -Y., Tam S. W. Y., Chang T. -F., Wang B. -J., Miyoshi Y., Shinohara I.

    GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS   Vol. 45 ( 18 ) page: 9441-9449   2018.9

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    DOI: 10.1029/2018GL079777

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  56. A New Empirical Model of the Subauroral Polarization Stream

    Kunduri B. S. R., Baker J. B. H., Ruohoniemi J. M., Nishitani N., Oksavik K., Erickson P. J., Coster A. J., Shepherd S. G., Bristow W. A., Miller E. S.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 123 ( 9 ) page: 7342-7357   2018.9

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    DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025690

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  57. Temporal and Spatial Variations of Storm Time Midlatitude Ionospheric Trough Based on Global GNSS-TEC and Arase Satellite Observations

    Shinbori Atsuki, Otsuka Yuichi, Tsugawa Takuya, Nishioka Michi, Kumamoto Atsushi, Tsuchiya Fuminori, Matsuda Shoya, Kasahara Yoshiya, Matsuoka Ayako, Ruohoniemi J. Michael, Shepherd Simon G., Nishitani Nozomu

    GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS   Vol. 45 ( 15 ) page: 7362-7370   2018.8

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    DOI: 10.1029/2018GL078723

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  58. Attenuation of decameter wavelength sky noise during x-ray solar flares in 2013-2017 based on the observations of midlatitude HF radars

    Berngardt O. I., Ruohoniemi J. M., Nishitani N., Shepherd S. G., Bristow W. A., Miller E. S.

    JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS   Vol. 173   page: 1-13   2018.8

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2018.03.022

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  59. The ERG Science Center

    Miyoshi Yoshizumi, Hori Tomoaki, Shoji Masafumi, Teramoto Mariko, Chang T. F., Segawa Tomonori, Umemura Norio, Matsuda Shoya, Kurita Satoshi, Keika Kunihiro, Miyashita Yukinaga, Seki Kanako, Tanaka Yoshimasa, Nishitani Nozomu, Kasahara Satoshi, Yokota Shoichiro, Matsuoka Ayako, Kasahara Yoshiya, Asamura Kazushi, Takashima Takeshi, Shinohara Iku

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   Vol. 70   2018.6

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    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-018-0867-8

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  60. Characterization of Short-Wave Fadeout Seen in Daytime SuperDARN Ground Scatter Observations

    Chakraborty S., Ruohoniemi J. M., Baker J. B. H., Nishitani N.

    RADIO SCIENCE   Vol. 53 ( 4 ) page: 472-484   2018.4

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    DOI: 10.1002/2017RS006488

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  61. Spreading Speed of Magnetopause Reconnection X-Lines Using Ground-Satellite Coordination

    Zou Ying, Walsh Brian M., Nishimura Yukitoshi, Angelopoulos Vassilis, Ruohoniemi J. Michael, McWilliams Kathryn A., Nishitani Nozomu

    GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS   Vol. 45 ( 1 ) page: 80-89   2018.1

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    DOI: 10.1002/2017GL075765

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  62. Influence of Auroral Streamers on Rapid Evolution of Ionospheric SAPS Flows

    Gallardo-Lacourt Bea, Nishimura Y., Lyons L. R., Mishin E. V., Ruohoniemi J. M., Donovan E. F., Angelopoulos V., Nishitani N.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 122 ( 12 ) page: 12406-12420   2017.12

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    DOI: 10.1002/2017JA024198

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  63. Ground-based instruments of the PWING project to investigate dynamics of the inner magnetosphere at subauroral latitudes as a part of the ERG-ground coordinated observation network

    Shiokawa Kazuo, Katoh Yasuo, Hamaguchi Yoshiyuki, Yamamoto Yuka, Adachi Takumi, Ozaki Mitsunori, Oyama Shin-Ichiro, Nose Masahito, Nagatsuma Tsutomu, Tanaka Yoshimasa, Otsuka Yuichi, Miyoshi Yoshizumi, Kataoka Ryuho, Takagi Yuki, Takeshita Yuhei, Shinbori Atsuki, Kurita Satoshi, Hori Tomoaki, Nishitani Nozomu, Shinohara Iku, Tsuchiya Fuminori, Obana Yuki, Suzuki Shin, Takahashi Naoko, Seki Kanako, Kadokura Akira, Hosokawa Keisuke, Ogawa Yasunobu, Connors Martin, Ruohoniemi J. Michael, Engebretson Mark, Turunen Esa, Ulich Thomas, Manninen Jyrki, Raita Tero, Kero Antti, Oksanen Arto, Back Marko, Kauristie Kirsti, Mattanen Jyrki, Baishev Dmitry, Kurkin Vladimir, Oinats Alexey, Pashinin Alexander, Vasilyev Roman, Rakhmatulin Ravil, Bristow William, Karjala Marty

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   Vol. 69   2017.11

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    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-017-0745-9

    Web of Science

  64. Special Issue "Global data systems for the study of solar-terrestrial variability"

    Watanabe Takashi, Iyemori Toshihiko, Shiokawa Kazuo, Zhang Jie, Kanekal Shrikanth G., Nishitani Nozomu

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   Vol. 69   2017.11

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    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-017-0742-z

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  65. SC-Associated Electric Field Variations in the Magnetosphere and Ionospheric Convective Flows

    Kim S. -I., Kim K. -H., Kwon H. -J., Jin H., Lee E., Jee G., Nishitani N., Hori T., Lester M., Wygant J. R.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 122 ( 11 ) page: 11044-11057   2017.11

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    DOI: 10.1002/2017JA024611

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  66. Propagation and evolution of electric fields associated with solar wind pressure pulses based on spacecraft and ground-based observations

    Takahashi N., Kasaba Y., Nishimura Y., Shinbori A., Kikuchi T., Hori T., Ebihara Y., Nishitani N.

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS   Vol. 122 ( 8 ) page: 8446-8461   2017.8

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    DOI: 10.1002/2017JA023990

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  67. First imaging and identification of a noctilucent cloud from multiple sites in Hokkaido (43.2-44.4 N), Japan Reviewed

    Hidehiko Suzuki, Kazuyo Sakanoi, Nozomu Nishitani, Tadahiko Ogawa, Mitsumu K. Ejiri, Minoru Kubota, Takenori Kinoshita, Yasuhiro Murayama and Yasushi Fujiyoshi

    Earth, Planets and Space   Vol. 68:182   2016.11

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    Simultaneous imaging observations of a noctilucent cloud (NLC) from five sites in Hokkaido, Japan (43.17-45.36 N), were successfully carried out using digital cameras in the early hours of the morning (around 02:00 LST) on June 21, 2015. This is the first NLC event that has been captured from multiple sites in Japan. The simultaneous images obtained from multiple sites made it possible to calculate the exact altitude (=83.9 +- 0.1 km) and spatial distribution (47.5-50.0 N and 143.0-147.5 E) of the NLC by triangulation and image correlation methods. Based on a comparison of atmospheric parameters of the upper mesosphere provided by satellites and a middle-frequency (MF) radar in northern Hokkaido (Wakkanai) with the cloud distribution obtained from the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere satellite, this particular event is considered to be the result of southward advection of the NLC from a higher-latitude (i.e., colder) region. Anomalies in the upper mesospheric temperature of the northern hemispheric summer in 2015 were examined using AURA satellite data, because this is the first NLC event that has been identified in Japan. However, no remarkable temperature variations relative to other years were found in upper mesosphere. Based on a comparison between the NLC period and the record of sky conditions archived by the Japan Meteorological Agency, a high percentage of cloud (especially low-level) cover during the summer in Hokkaido cannot be ruled out as a possible reason why the NLC had not previously been sighted in Hokkaido.

    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-016-0562-6

  68. Application of ground scatter returns for calibration of HF interferometry data Reviewed

    Ponomarenko, P., N. Nishitani, A.V. Oinats, T. Tsuya and J.-P. St.-Maurice

    Earth Planets Space   Vol. 67 ( 138 )   2015.8

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    Information on the vertical angle of arrival (elevation) is crucial in determining propagation modes of high-frequency (HF, 3-30 MHz) radio waves travelling through the ionosphere. The most advanced network of ionospheric HF radars, SuperDARN (Super Dual Auroral Radar Network), relies on interferometry to measure elevation, but this information is rarely used due to intrinsic difficulties with phase calibration as well as with the physical interpretation of the measured elevation patterns. In this work, we propose an empirical method of calibration for SuperDARN interferometry. The method utilises a well-defined dependence of elevation on range of ground scatter returns. "Fine tuning" of the phase is achieved based on a detailed analysis of phase fluctuation effects at very low elevation angles. The proposed technique has been successfully applied to data from the mid-latitude Hokkaido East SuperDARN radar. It can also be used at any other installation that utilises HF interferometry.

    DOI: doi: 10.1186/s40623-015-0310-3

  69. Occurrence characteristics and lowest speed limit of Sub-Auroral Polarization Stream (SAPS) observed by the SuperDARN Hokkaido East radar Reviewed

    Nagano, H., N. Nishitani, and T. Hori

    Earth Planets Space   Vol. 67 ( 126 )   2015.8

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    We investigate the characteristics of the subauroral polarization stream (SAPS), with focus on the relationship between geomagnetic parameters and occurrence characteristics of SAPS. This study's observations were made using the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) Hokkaido East radar, which can observe the Far East region of Russia and has been in operation since 2006. In particular, we identify the lowest limit of SAPS speed, which has not been discussed in previous literature, in order to examine the lowest threshold of electric field able to generate SAPS as a result of magnetosphere-ionosphere (M-I) coupling. In order to conduct a comprehensive investigation of SAPS occurrence characteristics, we analyzed events with wider ranges of velocity and magnetic latitude (MLAT) than those in previous studies. As a result of quantitative estimation, we found two categories of westward flows that were reasonably separated using a speed threshold of 150-200 m/s. For the faster flows above the speed threshold, there is a clear correlation between MLAT and SYM-H geomagnetic index, whereas for the slower flows, there is no such correlation. The faster flows are considered to be SAPS, whereas the slower flows are probably associated with mid-latitude F-region ionospheric irregularities not directly related to storms or substorms. This slowest limit of SAPS gives us a minimum electric field of 7.5-10 mV/m that generates SAPS. However, this field strength is not strong enough to cause frictional heating, which is generally considered to be a crucial mechanism for generating SAPS. This result suggests that frictional heating is not always necessary to generate SAPS.

    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-015-0299-7

  70. Statistical study of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances using SuperDARN Hokkaido ground backscatter data for 2011 Reviewed

    Oinats, A.V., V.I. Kurkin, and N. Nishitani

    Earth Planets Space   Vol. 67 ( 22 )   2015.2

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    We describe an automated technique to determine parameters of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) using the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) high frequency (HF) radar data. The technique is based on the analysis of minimum ground backscatter range variations corresponding to different radar beams. Using this technique, we processed the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar data for 2011 and revealed statistical distributions of medium-scale TID (MSTID) azimuth and apparent horizontal velocity. We found four peaks with a distinct diurnal and seasonal dependence in the MSTID azimuth occurrence rate distributions. Northeast MSTID azimuths (20° to 50°) are typical of the summer and equinox morning hours; southeast azimuths (100° to 140°) prevail in the winter daytime; southwest azimuths (190° to 220°) are typical mostly in the summer and equinox nighttime and in the equinox evening; northwest azimuths (280° to 320°) are typical of the summer daytime and evening. The apparent horizontal velocities are generally within the 100 to 160 m/s range. The obtained results agree well with earlier studies by other researchers. However, there are also certain differences. The summer daytime northwestward MSTIDs are not indicated in the earlier studies. The nighttime horizontal velocities are 1.5 to 2 times higher than those in the daytime. Furthermore, winter velocity values are about 1.5 times higher than those in other seasons. These differences might be associated with the peculiarities of the data recorded by different facilities, or the features of the processing techniques, and require further investigation for their interpretation.

    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-015-0192-4

  71. Pi2 pulsation simultaneously observed in the E and F region ionosphere with the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar Reviewed

    Teramoto, M., N. Nishitani, V. Pilipenko, T. Ogawa, K. Shiokawa, T. Nagatsuma, A. Yoshikawa, D. Baishev, and K. T. Murata

    J. Geophys. Res.   Vol. 119   page: 3444-3462   2014.5

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    We investigated Pi2 pulsations in the nightside ionosphere that began at 14:15 UT (2315 LT) on 11 July 2010, and they were observed with high-temporal (8 s) resolution by beam 4 of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) Hokkaido radar. These pulsations were simultaneously observed in both the ground/sea scatter echoes reflected from the F region height and in ionospheric echoes from field-aligned irregularities in the sporadic Es region. They had the same period of 110 s and approximately no phase lag. From the radar observations and the International Geomagnetic Reference Field model, the amplitude of the eastward (EEW) component of the electric field of the Pi2 pulsations in the ionosphere was estimated ~8.0mV/m
    in the F region and ~2.0mV/m in the E region. Corresponding Pi2 pulsations appeared dominantly in the horizontal northward magnetic field component (H) at nearby ground stations, Moshiri (MSR), St. Paratunka (PTK), and Stecolny (STC), with amplitudes ranging from6 nT (MSR) to 10 nT (STC). At the dominant frequency of 8.8 mHz, the coherences between H and EEW were high (>0.9), the cross phases of EEW relative to H were 56°and 45°, and the amplitude ratios were 2.7 × 105m/s and 8.4 × 105 m/s, in the E and F regions, respectively. Based on a comparison of these results with theoretical predictions, we suggest that the concept of a pure cavity mode is not sufficient to explain the combined observations for midlatitude Pi2 waves and that the contribution of an Alfvén waves must be taken in account.

    DOI: 10.1002/2012JA018585

  72. Hokkaido HF radar signatures of periodically reoccurring nighttime MSTIDs detected at short ranges Reviewed

    Koustov, A.V., K. N. Yakymenko, N. Nishitani, and P. V. Ponomarenko

    J. Geophys. Res.   Vol. 119   page: 1200-1218   2014.2

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    The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network Hokkaido HF radar often detects periodically reoccurring E region echoing regions propagating toward or away from it. In this work, we consider 117 of such events identified for 2008-2012. These are shown to occur at nighttime, preferentially during summer, although significant number for events was found for winter. Statistics for the local time of occurrence, magnitude of the speed and polarity of progressions, and temporal and spatial periodicities are presented. We show that the power of echoes is linearly related to their Doppler velocity which makes it possible to identify the events on both power and Doppler velocity plots. Other peculiar characteristics of echoes are discussed. The onset of
    events is associated with gravity waves propagation through the radar field of view.

    DOI: 10.1002/2013JA019422

  73. Study of mid-latitude ionospheric convection during quiet and disturbed periods using the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar Reviewed

    Zou, Y., and N. Nishitani

    Advances in Space Research   Vol. 54   page: 473-480   2014.1

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    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2014.01.011

  74. Northward-propagating nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances observed with the SuperDARN Hokkaido HF radar and GEONET Reviewed

    Ichihara, A., N. Nishitani, T. Ogawa, and T. Tsugawa

    Advances in Polar Science     page: in press   2013

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    DOI: in press

  75. Study of ionospheric disturbances during solar flare events with the SuperDARN Hokkaido Radar Reviewed

    Watanabe, D., and N. Nishitani

    Adv. Polar Sci.   Vol. 24   page: 12-18   2013

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    DOI: 12-18

  76. Propagation of large amplitude ionospheric disturbances with velocity dispersion observed by the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar after the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake Reviewed

    Nishitani, N., T. Ogawa, Y. Otsuka, K. Hosokawa, and T. Hori

    Earth Planets Space   Vol. 63   page: 891-896   2011.9

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    Ionospheric responses to the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake are studied using the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar, which is located at (43.5o N, 143.6o E) and which monitors the ionosphere over a wide horizontal area. The radar observed an oscillation of the vertical motion of the ionosphere with a period of about 1 to 2 min. The disturbance propagated northward, away from the epicenter with the velocity of about 6.2, 4.5, 3.9 and 3.5 km/s. The latter three values are basically consistent with the propagation of the Earth's surface waves reported in several previous studies. The propagation velocities decreased with time, which has not been reported in previous studies for this propagation velocity range. The peak-to-peak amplitudes of Doppler velocities of ground/sea scatter echoes observed by the radar were up to 200 m/s, which is considerably larger than previously-reported values using HF Doppler measurements, although they are not extremely large for this historical earthquake (M = 9.0). This is the first time that ionospheric data have been obtained with high temporal (8 s) and spatial (22.5 km) resolutions following a giant earthquake, which enables us to discuss the detailed characteristics of the propagation of coseismic ionospheric disturbances.

    DOI: doi:10.5047/eps.2011.07.003

  77. Large-Scale traveling ionospheric disturbance observed by SuperDARN Hokkaido HF radar and GPS networks on 15 December 2006 Reviewed

    Hayashi, H., N. Nishitani, T. Ogawa, Y. Otsuka, T. Tsugawa, K. Hosokawa, and A. Saito

    J. Geophys. Res.   Vol. 115 ( A06309 ) page: doi:10.1029/2009JA014297   2010

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  78. *Medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbancesobserved with the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar, all-sky imager and GPS network, and their relation to concurrent sporadic-E irregularities Reviewed

    Ogawa, T., N. Nishitani, Y. Otsuka, K. Shiokawa, T. Tsugawa,and K. Hosokawa

    J. Geophys. Res.   Vol. 114   page: A03316, doi:10.1029/2008JA013893   2009

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    We present midlatitude medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs)
    observed with a Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radar at around
    10 MHz in Hokkaido, Japan, in combination with a 630-nm all-sky imager and a GPS
    network (GEONET) that provides total electron content (TEC) data. MSTIDs propagating
    southward from high latitudes are detected at first with the HF radar and then with
    the imager and GEONET. We analyze two MSTID events, one in winter (event 1) and
    the other in summer (event 2), to find that MSTIDs appear simultaneously, at least, at
    55–25N. It is shown that nighttime MSTIDs propagate toward the southwest over a
    horizontal distance of about 4000 km, and daytime MSTIDs do so toward the southeast.
    Daytime radar echoes are due to ground/sea surface (GS) scatter, while nighttime
    echoes in event 1 return from 15-m-scale F region field-aligned irregularities (FAIs) and
    those in event 2 are due to GS scatter. Doppler velocities of the nighttime F region
    FAI echoes in event 1 are negative (motion away from the radar) within strong echo
    regions and are positive (motion toward the radar) within weak echo regions. This fact
    suggests that the strong (weak) echoes return from suppressed (enhanced) airglow/TEC
    areas, in line with previous observations over central Japan. The nighttime MSTIDs in
    events 1 and 2 are often accompanied by concurrent coherent echoes from FAIs in
    sporadic E (Es) layers. The Es echo areas in event 2 rather coincide with suppressed
    airglow/TEC areas in the F region that are connected with the echo areas along the
    geomagnetic field, indicating the existence of E and F region coupling at night.

  79. Joint observations of a traveling ionospheric disturbance with the Paratunka OMTI camera and the Hokkaido HF radar Reviewed

    Koustov, A.V., N. Nishitani, K. Shiokawa, S. Suzuki, and B.M. Shevtsov

    Ann. Geophys.   Vol. 27   page: 2399-2406   2009

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  80. Subauroral polarization streams: observations with the Hokkaido and King SalmonSuperDARN radars and modeling Reviewed

    Koustov, A.V., N. Nishitani, Y. Ebihara, T. Kikuchi, M.R. Hairston, and D. Andre

    Ann. Geophys.   Vol. 26   page: 3317-3327   2008

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  81. *Dynamical property of storm-time subauroral rapid flows as amanifestation of complex structures of the plasma pressure in the inner magnetosphere Reviewed

    Ebihara, Y., N. Nishitani, T. Kikuchi, T. Ogawa, K. Hosokawa, M. -C. Fok and M. F. Thomsen

    J. Geophys. Res.   Vol. 114   page: A01306, doi:10.1029/2008JA013614   2008

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    During the intense magnetic storm of 15 December 2006, the midlatitude Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) Hokkaido radar observed a dynamical character of rapid, westward flows at 50–56 magnetic latitude. The simulation that couples the inner magnetosphere and the subauroral ionosphere was performed using a realistic boundary condition of the hot ion distribution determined from four Los Alamos National Laboratory satellites at 6.6 R E . The following results are obtained using the simulation: (1) In general, morphology of the azimuthal component of the simulated ionospheric plasma flow is consistent with that known as the subauroral polarization stream (SAPS), (2) an increase in the hot ion density in the plasma sheet results in the temporal reduction and subsequent intensification of the rapid flow at certain subauroral latitudes with a delay of ∼40 min, and (3) influence of the plasma sheet temperature on the rapid flow is not evident. The simulated line-of-sight velocity is compared with that obtained by the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar. Agreement between them is found in terms of the temporal and spatial variations of the rapid flows as well as the flow velocity. It is suggested that the dynamical character of the subauroral plasma flow is a direct manifestation of the plasma pressure distribution in the inner magnetosphere (the ring current) especially during the magnetic storm.

  82. Two-dimensional observations of overshielding during a magnetic storm by the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar Reviewed

    Ebihara, Y., N. Nishitani, T. Kikuchi, T. Ogawa, K. Hosokawa, and M. -C. Fok

    Journal of Geophysical Research   Vol. 113 ( A01213 ) page: doi:10.1029/2007JA012641   2008

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    Two-dimensional observations of ionospheric plasma flows possibly caused by overshielding are reported for the first time. The observations were made by the mid-latitude SuperDARN Hokkaido radar in Japan during a major magnetic storm on December 15, 2006. The magnetosphere was exposed continuously to a southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) for several hours during the main phase of the storm. Immediately following the subsequent northward turning of the IMF, an anti-sunward plasma flow was observed for about 14 min in the pre-dusk sector at magnetic latitudes of 50-60°, reaching a maximum line-of-sight speed of 70-80 m/s. These features are consistent with a simulation of coupling between the ring current and the ionosphere associated with an overshielding condition. Within 1 h of the first observation, a similar anti-sunward flow was observed during a period of southward-oriented IMF. However, the simulation cannot account for the anti-sunward flow in this case. It is suggested that the shielding/overshielding condition is not simply caused by the northward turning of IMF. This second overshielding-like condition is attributable to a sudden contraction of the polar cap associated with the substorm, or to a sudden strengthening of the inertial current converted from the abrupt injection of magnetospheric ions. However, none of both fully accounts for the observations.

  83. Dynamic variations of a convection flow reversal in the subauroral post-midnight sector as seen by the SuperDARN Hokkaido HF radar Reviewed

    Ryuho Kataoka, Nozomu Nishitani, Yusuke Ebihara, Keisuke Hosokawa, Tadahiko Ogawa, Takashi Kikuchi, and Yoshizumi Miyoshi

    Geophysical Research Letters   Vol. 32   page: L21105, doi:10.1029/2007GL031552   2007

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    SuperDARN Hokkaido HF radar, capable of measuring the subauroral ionospheric plasma convection especially during storms, has been in continuous operation since the beginning of December 2006. We report the first two-dimensional observation of a dynamic variation of convection flow reversal in subauroral postmidnight sector during the storm main phase on 29 January 2007. The flow reversal region is extended over 20° in longitude and 5° in latitude, lasting for about 10-15 min, and the maximum flow speed is about 0.5-1.0 km/s. The flow reversal structure is reasonably reproduced by the ring current simulation coupled with the ionosphere, suggesting that it is produced by the region 2 field-aligned current associated with the ring current enhancement during the storm main phase. The dynamic variation of the flow reversal structure is interpreted as a transient eastward extension of the elongated dusk convection cell to the postmidnight and equatorward of the dawn cell, associated with the variation of the ring current whose structure is controlled by the interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind dynamic pressure. It is suggested that the ring current variation is highly coupled with the interplanetary parameters and is much more complicated than ever thought.

  84. Model calculations of possible ionospheric backscatter echo area for a mid-latitude HF radar Reviewed

    Nishitani, N., and T. Ogawa

    Adv. Polar Upper Atmos. Res.   Vol. 19   page: 55-62   2005.8

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    HF ray path calculation is performed in order to identify possible
    ionospheric backscatter echo area for an HF radar at mid-latitude. The calculation is
    made on the basis of the R.M. Jones and J. J. Stephenson (U.S. Dept. of Commerce,
    OT Rep. 75-76, 1975) HF ray path tracing algorithm plus the IRI-2001 ionosphere
    model. It is shown that depending on the local time and geomagnetic activity, the
    possible ionospheric backscatter regions have different distributions. In any case the
    backscatter region is large enough, indicating the capability of a planned HF radar in
    Hokkaido (43.5 N, 143.6 E), Japan.

  85. *Unusual ionospheric echoes with high velocity and very low spectral width observed by the SuperDARN radars in the polar cap during high geomagnetic activity Reviewed

    Nishitani, N., M. Lester, S. E. Milan, T. Ogawa, N. Sato, H. Yamagishi, A. S. Yukimatu, and F. J. Rich

    Journal of Geophysical Research   Vol. 109 ( A2 ) page: A02311, doi:10.1029/2003JA010048   2004.2

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    The spectral width of the ionospheric backscatter echoes obtained with the SuperDARN radars has been regarded as a useful tool for locating specific ionospheric regions such as the cusp. In this paper we report the presence of ionospheric echoes with high (> 450 m/s) Doppler velocity and very low (< 60 m/s) spectral width, observed by the CUTLASS and Syowa East and South SuperDARN radars. These echoes have the following characteristics. (1) They have a close correlation with geomagnetic activity such that as the Dst index decreases, the radars tend to observe ionospheric echoes with high Doppler velocity and very low spectral width more frequently. (2) Their existence does not depend on magnetic local time. (3) They are located preferably in the polar cap region, where anti-sunward convection prevails. (4) They sometimes exist over a wide range, so they are more likely to be F-region rather than E-region echoes. The occurrence of these echoes during active periods is associated with the suppression of the electric field turbulence. The present result appears consistent with the previous paper by Golovchanskaya et al. [2002], who showed the negative correlation between the electric field turbulence level and geomagnetic activity.

  86. *Interhemispheric asymmetry of the high latitude ionospheric convection on May 11-12, 1999 Reviewed

    Nishitani, N., V. Papitashvili, T. Ogawa, N. Sato, H. Yamagishi, A.S. Yukimatu, and F.J. Rich

    Journal of Geophysical Research   Vol. 108 ( A5 ) page: 1184, doi:10.1029/2002JA009680   2003.5

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    Ionospheric convection over the southern polar cap on May 11-12, 1999 has been studied by using the Syowa East and South HF radar data and the DMSP ion driftmeter data, when the solar wind density was very low and geomagnetic activity was low. The overall convection pattern is consistent with the previous results by Ohtani et al. [2000]. However, the Syowa radars and the DMSP satellites observed very high (> 1500 m/s) westward plasma flows at dusk directed from the nightside toward the dayside only in the southern (dark) hemisphere. The high-speed flow was observed continuously across the fields of view of both radars from 1530 UT on May 11 to 0200 UT on May 12, when the solar wind density was close to minimum. Comparison with the DMSP particle and auroral image data shows that the westward flow regions were located in the middle of the auroral precipitation area. The strong asymmetry of the convection between the two hemispheres indicates the importance of the presence (absence) of solar illumination for the absence (presence) of the strong and localized ionospheric flows.

  87. *A study of the dusk convection cell's response to an IMF southward turning Reviewed

    Nishitani, N., T. Ogawa, N. Sato, H. Yamagishi, M. Pinnock, J.-P. Villain, G. Sofko, and O. Troshichev

    Journal of Geophysical Research   Vol. 107 ( A3 ) page: 10.1029/2001JA900095   2002.3

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    One example of the response of ionospheric convection and the polar cap boundary to a sudden change in the IMF orientation has been studied when the IMF suddenly changed from northward (+6 nT) to strongly southward (-19 nT), at 1716 UT on September 5, 1995, The Bz component was fairly constant for about 2 hours before and about 25 min after the sudden IMF change. The convection flow changed almost simultaneously over a global extent. This initial change of the convection pattern can be characterized by a sudden formation of a large flow vortex in the afternoon sector. On the other hand, the response of the polar cap boundary (or its proxy) is more complicated. The radar and particle data indicate the immediate equatorward expansion of the precipitation regions in the noon and premidnight sectors. About 10 to 20 minutes after the initial change, there were changes observed in the dusk region, namely an equatorward expansion of the current reversal boundary in the dusk sector between 1740 and 1750 UT, and an equatorward expansion of the convection reversal boundary. The delayed responses were observed 18 to 8 minutes before a substorm onset was recorded at mid-latitude stations at 1756 UT. These observations indicate that there were two kinds of ionospheric responses to the southward turning of the IMF; the first response is the formation of the convection vortex and the equatorward shift of the polar cap boundary at noon and at 21 MLT, and the second response is the equatorward expansion of the convection reversal boundary in the dusk sector. We make the case that the first response is associated with the propagation of magnetosonic waves, and that the second response is consistent with the Cowley and Lockwood [1992] picture of the redistribution of the newly created open flux in the polar cap region.

  88. A very large scale flow burst observed by the SuperDARN radars Reviewed

    Nozomu Nishitani, Tadahiko Ogawa, Mike Pinnock, Mervyn Freeman, John Dudeney, Jean-Paul Villain, Kile B. Baker, Natsuo Sato, Hisao Yamagishi, and Haruhisa Matsumoto

    Journal of Geophysical Research   Vol. 104 ( 10 ) page: 22469   1999.10

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    We examined the dynamics of the ionospheric plasma in the dayside sector by using the HF radar data at Iceland West and at Finland from 1100 to 1230 UT on September 5, 1995. During that period, the solar wind density was high and the IMF was strongly southward. The dayside magnetopause was highly compressed nearly to the geosynchronous orbit. The two radars simultaneously detected a poleward flow burst in the noon sector which, assuming uniformity of flow in the region of the data gap (1.5 h of MLT) between the two radars, showed a magnetic local time extent of 5 hours. This local time extent is 2 to 3 hours wider than previous results. The maximum poleward plasma velocity of the flow burst is about 750 m/s, and the latitudinal size of the flow burst region is about 100 to 200 km. This flow burst region initially expanded in longitude up to 5 hours, and then shifted poleward with a phase speed of 400 to 670 m/s. The flow burst has a duration of about 20 minutes. This large-scale poleward flow burst is likely to be due to large-scale reconnection occurring at the dayside magnetopause and subsequent convection as the magnetic field lines are transported across the polar cap.

  89. Averaged Pattern of Ionospheric Echo Region and Convection : Initial Results From the Syowa Station HF radar

    Proceedings of the NIPR Symposium on Upper Atmospheric Physics   Vol. 10   page: 42   1997

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  90. Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Giant Undulations

    Geophysical Research Letters   Vol. 21 ( 24 ) page: 2673   1994

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    Language:English  

  91. Auroral activity and corresponding magnetic signatures at synchronous orbit

    Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity   Vol. 40   page: 4   1988

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KAKENHI (Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research) 9

  1. Development of a high spatial-temporal resolution geospace observation network using the mid-latitude SuperDARN

    Grant number:22H01284  2022.4 - 2027.3

    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

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    Authorship:Principal investigator 

    Grant amount:\18070000 ( Direct Cost: \13900000 、 Indirect Cost:\4170000 )

  2. Study of latitudinal coupling of upper atmospheric variations based on multi-point ground network observations

    Grant number:21H04518  2021.4 - 2026.3

    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

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    Authorship:Coinvestigator(s) 

  3. Study of new excitation mechanisms of Geospace magnetohydrodynamic waves with the network of multiple satellites and ionospheric radars

    Grant number:19K03949  2019.4 - 2023.3

    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

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    Authorship:Coinvestigator(s) 

  4. Study of global-scale ionospheric electric field dynamics using mid-latitude SuperDARN under common research infrastructure

    Grant number:18KK0099  2018.10 - 2024.3

    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (B))

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    Authorship:Principal investigator 

    Grant amount:\16510000 ( Direct Cost: \12700000 、 Indirect Cost:\3810000 )

  5. Study of dynamical variation of particles and waves in the inner magnetosphere using ground-based network observations (PWING Project)

    Grant number:16H06286  2016.4 - 2021.3

    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research

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    Authorship:Coinvestigator(s) 

  6. Development of the new technique for ionospheric high frequency radars enabling measurement with a sub-second time resolution of Pc 1-band hydromagnetic waves in the Earth's ionosphere

    Grant number:15K13573  2015.4 - 2018.3

    Hori Tomoaki

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    Authorship:Collaborating Investigator(s) (not designated on Grant-in-Aid) 

    This study aimed at development of a new measurement and raw data processing technique for SuperDARN (the network of the ionospheric radars using high frequency radio waves) to deduce the horizontal velocity of ionospheric plasma with a time resolution of the sub-second order. Utilizing the new technique, we tried to measure perturbation in ionospheric plasma velocity caused by the hydromagnetic waves coming from the near-Earth space to the ionosphere and further propagating horizontally in the ionosphere, leading to better understanding of those waves based on an actual observation. As a result, we have successfully developed a technique to observe time variations of the ionospheric plasma velocity with a time resolution of ~0.5s, and possibly with that of ~0.1s, under some good observation conditions. In spite of the efforts to capture the incoming hydromagnetic waves, however, we did not succeed in observing an actual sample of the expected waves so far.

  7. High precision observation of ionosphere and neutral wind with new SuperDARN imaging technique

    Grant number:25287129  2013.4 - 2019.3

    Yukimatu Akira Sessai

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    This study could contribute to establishment of calibration methods for SuperDARN interferometry and led to more precise meteor neutral wind measurement and particularly near range echoes including neutral wind and PMSEs. This study also contributed to establishment and automation of new method for Pc5 FLR (field line resonance) detection with SuperDARN and also found a new type of geomagnetic pulsation phenomena. This also contributed to new discovery on morphology and generation mechanisms of Omega band and PMAA (poleward moving auroral arc) type aurora. This study also contributed to evaluation of solar flare influences on ionosphere and also detection of high energy particle precipitation into upper and middle atmopshere. Data with new imaging functionality could not be obtained unfortunately due to several unavoidable conditions at radar sites, but this study could still contribute to new science with new SuperDARN capabilities.

  8. Development of new methods for ionosphere dynamics research using SuperDARN and chirp sounding data

    2012.4 - 2014.3

    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 

    Nozomu Nishitani

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    Authorship:Principal investigator 

  9. 大型短波レーダーによる中・高緯度電離圏プラズマー超高層大気相互作用の研究

    2007

    科学研究費補助金  基盤研究(B)(一般),課題番号:19340141

    西谷 望

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Teaching Experience (Off-campus) 1

  1. 電磁圏物理学特論

    2009.4 - 2010.3 東北大学)