Award type：Award from Japanese society, conference, symposium, etc.  Country：Japan

Award type：Award from international society, conference, symposium, etc.  Country：United States

Award type：Award from international society, conference, symposium, etc.  Country：United States

Award type：Award from Japanese society, conference, symposium, etc.  Country：Japan

Country：Japan

Award type：Award from Japanese society, conference, symposium, etc.  Country：Japan

Language：English  

DOI： 10.1007/s11548-023-03049-z

PubMed

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This study investigated the influence of using three-dimensional (3D) computer and 3D-printed models on the spatial reasoning of experts and novices. The task of this study required general university students as novices in Experiment 1 and surgeons specializing in digestive surgery as experts in Experiment 2 to infer the cross sections of a liver, using a 3D-computer or 3D-printed model. The results of the experiments showed that the university students learned faster and inferred the liver structure more accurately with the 3D-printed model than with the 3D-computer model. Conversely, the surgeons showed the same task performance when using the 3D-computer and 3D-printed models; however, they performed the task with more confidence and less workload during the task with the 3D-printed model. Based on the results, the cognitive effects and advantages of using 3D-printed models for novices and experts have been discussed.

DOI： 10.1007/s12144-024-05676-4

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This study focuses on enhancing the inference speed of laparoscopic tool detection on embedded devices. Laparoscopy, a minimally invasive surgery technique, markedly reduces patient recovery times and postoperative complications. Real-time laparoscopic tool detection helps assisting laparoscopy by providing information for surgical navigation, and its implementation on embedded devices is gaining interest due to the portability, network independence and scalability of the devices. However, embedded devices often face computation resource limitations, potentially hindering inference speed. To mitigate this concern, the work introduces a two-fold modification to the YOLOv7 model: the feature channels and integrate RepBlock is halved, yielding the YOLOv7-RepFPN model. This configuration leads to a significant reduction in computational complexity. Additionally, the focal EIoU (efficient intersection of union) loss function is employed for bounding box regression. Experimental results on an embedded device demonstrate that for frame-by-frame laparoscopic tool detection, the proposed YOLOv7-RepFPN achieved an mAP of 88.2% (with IoU set to 0.5) on a custom dataset based on EndoVis17, and an inference speed of 62.9 FPS. Contrasting with the original YOLOv7, which garnered an 89.3% mAP and 41.8 FPS under identical conditions, the methodology enhances the speed by 21.1 FPS while maintaining detection accuracy. This emphasizes the effectiveness of the work.

DOI： 10.1049/htl2.12072

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Language：English  

DOI： 10.1136/bjo-2023-324488

PubMed

Publisher：Healthcare Technology Letters  

The task of segmentation is integral to computer-aided surgery systems. Given the privacy concerns associated with medical data, collecting a large amount of annotated data for training is challenging. Unsupervised learning techniques, such as contrastive learning, have shown powerful capabilities in learning image-level representations from unlabelled data. This study leverages classification labels to enhance the accuracy of the segmentation model trained on limited annotated data. The method uses a multi-scale projection head to extract image features at various scales. The partitioning method for positive sample pairs is then improved to perform contrastive learning on the extracted features at each scale to effectively represent the differences between positive and negative samples in contrastive learning. Furthermore, the model is trained simultaneously with both segmentation labels and classification labels. This enables the model to extract features more effectively from each segmentation target class and further accelerates the convergence speed. The method was validated using the publicly available CholecSeg8k dataset for comprehensive abdominal cavity surgical segmentation. Compared to select existing methods, the proposed approach significantly enhances segmentation performance, even with a small labelled subset (1–10%) of the dataset, showcasing a superior intersection over union (IoU) score.

DOI： 10.1049/htl2.12069

Scopus

Publisher：Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)  

The intestine is an essential digestive organ that can cause serious health problems once diseased. This paper proposes a method for intestine segmentation to intestine obstruction diagnosis assistance called multi-dimensional U-Net (M U-Net). We employ two encoders to extract features from two-dimensional (2D) CT slices and three-dimensional (3D) CT patches. These two encoders collaborate to enhance the segmentation accuracy of the model. Additionally, we incorporate deep supervision with the M U-Net to reduce the limitation of training with sparse label data sets. The experimental results demonstrated that the Dice of the proposed method was 73.22%, the recall was 79.89%, and the precision was 70.61%.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-47076-9_14

Scopus

Publisher：Healthcare Technology Letters  

This paper focuses on a new and challenging problem related to instrument segmentation. This paper aims to learn a generalizable model from distributed datasets with various imperfect annotations. Collecting a large-scale dataset for centralized learning is usually impeded due to data silos and privacy issues. Besides, local clients, such as hospitals or medical institutes, may hold datasets with diverse and imperfect annotations. These datasets can include scarce annotations (many samples are unlabelled), noisy labels prone to errors, and scribble annotations with less precision. Federated learning (FL) has emerged as an attractive paradigm for developing global models with these locally distributed datasets. However, its potential in instrument segmentation has yet to be fully investigated. Moreover, the problem of learning from various imperfect annotations in an FL setup is rarely studied, even though it presents a more practical and beneficial scenario. This work rethinks instrument segmentation in such a setting and propose a practical FL framework for this issue. Notably, this approach surpassed centralized learning under various imperfect annotation settings. This method established a foundational benchmark, and future work can build upon it by considering each client owning various annotations and aligning closer with real-world complexities.

DOI： 10.1049/htl2.12068

Scopus

Publisher：Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE  

This paper proposes an intestine segmentation method to segment intestines from CT volumes for helping clinicians diagnose intestine obstruction. For large-scale labeled datasets, fully-supervised methods have shown superior results. However, medical image segmentation is usually difficult to achieve accurate prediction due to the limited number of labeled data available for training. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel multi-view symmetrical network (MVS-Net) for intestine segmentation and incorporate bidirectional teaching to utilize unlabeled datasets. Specifically, we design the MVS-Net, which can use different sizes of convolution kernels instead of a fixed kernel size, enabling the network to capture multi-scale features from images’ different perceptual fields and ensure segmentation accuracy. Additionally, the pseudo-labels are generated by bidirectional teaching, which can make the network captures semantic information from large-scale unlabeled data for increasing the training data. We repeated the experiment five times, and used the averaged result on the intestines dataset to represent the segmentation accuracy of the proposed method. The experimental results showed the average Dice was 78.86%, the average recall 84.50%, and the average precision 75.94%, respectively.

DOI： 10.1117/12.3006623

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Scopus

Publisher：Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE  

Self-supervised pretraining has shown great performance in improving the accuracy of downstream tasks. Although pretraining on a large dataset improves performances, it becomes challenging to further optimize the model by solely enlarging the dataset. In contrast, additional adaptation of pretrained models to the target domain has shown promise in NLP. Inspired by the success of continual pretraining, we investigated the efficacy of adapting the target domain dataset to a pretrained model in medical imaging, particularly in the context of segmentation. We present a study based on a self-supervised pretraining framework using the SwinUNETR backbone. In this study, we improved the generalizability of the self-supervised pretraining by adapting a foundational model pretrained on 5k CT volumes to data of the downstream segmentation task. In detail, we employed 385 abdominal CT volumes for the continual task-adaptive pretraining and 24 abdominal CT volumes for the downstream segmentation task, all sourced from the same dataset. Additionally, we conducted comparative experiments to demonstrate the benefits of this task-adapting pretraining approach. Our method has shown that continual pretraining helps to improve the performances, achieving an average Dice score for 10-class organ segmentation of 87.8%.

DOI： 10.1117/12.3006630

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Scopus

Publisher：Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE  

Substantia nigra (SN) has been reported as significantly related to the progression of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Fully automated segmentation of SN is an important step for developing an interpretable computer-aided diagnosis system for PD. Based on the deep learning techniques, this paper proposes a novel distance-reweighted loss function and combines it with the test-time normalization (TTN) to boost the fully automated SN segmentation accuracy from low contrast T2 weighted MRI. The proposed loss encourages the model to focus on the suspicious regions with vague boundaries, and the involved TTN narrows the gap between an input MRI volume and the reference MRI volumes in test-time. The results showed that both the proposed loss and TTN could help improve the segmentation accuracy. By combining the proposed loss and TTN, the averaged Dice coefficient achieved 70.90% from T2 weighted MRI, compared to 68.17% by the baseline method.

DOI： 10.1117/12.3008521

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Scopus

Publisher：Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE  

This paper describes an adaptive octree cube refinement method for deformable organ models. Surgical simulation is one of the most promising ways for surgical training. Various types of surgical simulators have been researched and developed. Laparoscopic surgery simulators are already in practical use. They have been evaluated for their effectiveness in learning surgical techniques. To realize a high-quality simulator, it is important to efficiently process organ deformation models according to the content of the surgical simulation so that both high-resolution and real-Time processing. In this study, we extend adaptive mesh refinement, which increases mesh resolution in the manipulation region, and apply it to an octree cube structure. The refinement process of the octree cube structure is performed based on the distance from the grasping position of the gallbladder model. This approach improves the resolution of the octree in the area near the grasping position where relatively large deformations occur. In addition, it makes it easier to detect interference between the grasp model and the high-resolution grid of the octree. Simulation results showed that there were 199 cubes before and 339 cubes after refinement, and the FPS decreased from 44.1 FPS to 32.4 FPS on a standard CPU and GPU PC, which is still within real-Time processing.

DOI： 10.1117/12.3006816

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Scopus

Publisher：Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE  

This paper presents a gradient-based analytical method for improving medical image classification. The automated classification of diseases is important in computer-aided diagnosis. In addition to accurate classification, its explainability is an essential factor toward its practical application. A gradient-based visual explanation provides the explainability of a model of an convolutional neural network (CNN) by indicating important patterns in an input image. Most studies use this explanation to assess CNN’s validity in a qualitative manner. On the other hand, in addition to a model’s explainability, our motivation is to utilize the visual-explanation methods to enhance the classification accuracy of a CNN model. In this study, we propose a weight-analysis-based method to improve the classification accuracy of a trained-CNN model without additional training. The proposed method selects important patterns based on a gradient-based weight analysis of a middle layer in a trained model and suppresses irrelevant patterns in the extracted features for the classification. We applied our analytical method to a convolutional and a global-average-pooling layers in a CNN, which classifies a chest CT volume into COVID-19 typical and non-typical cases. As shown in classification results on 302 testing cases, our method improved the accuracy of the COVID-19 classification.

DOI： 10.1117/12.3006620

Web of Science

Scopus

Publisher：Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)  

This paper proposes a semi-supervised intestine segmentation method from CT volumes. Our method can use densely and sparsely annotated CT volumes for training to reduce the labor of manually annotating intestines. The proposed Hybrid Two-stage Segmentation (HTSeg) framework consists of two networks, a 2D swin-transformer-based network as the first stage and a 3D network as the second stage. In the first stage, we use 6964 labeled CT slices to train the 2D Swin U-Net. The trained 2D Swin U-Net is used to generate pseudo-labels for sparse annotation data. In the second stage, we use sparsely annotated datasets with pseudo-labels and densely annotated datasets to train a 3D multi-view symmetrical network (MVSNet). Experimental results showed that the Dice score of the proposed method was 74.70%, which was 1.03% higher than just using MVSNet. Compared with the other four previous methods (3D U-Net, CPS, EM, MT), the proposed method produced competitive segmentation performance. The code can be found at: https://github.com/MoriLabNU/semi-pseudo-labels.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-73083-2_4

Scopus

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

PURPOSE: We propose a large-factor super-resolution (SR) method for performing SR on registered medical image datasets. Conventional SR approaches use low-resolution (LR) and high-resolution (HR) image pairs to train a deep convolutional neural network (DCN). However, LR-HR images in medical imaging are commonly acquired from different imaging devices, and acquiring LR-HR image pairs needs registration. Registered LR-HR images have registration errors inevitably. Using LR-HR images with registration error for training an SR DCN causes collapsed SR results. To address these challenges, we introduce a novel SR approach designed specifically for registered LR-HR medical images. METHODS: We propose style-subnets-assisted generative latent bank for large-factor super-resolution (SGSR) trained with registered medical image datasets. Pre-trained generative models named generative latent bank (GLB), which stores rich image priors, can be applied in SR to generate realistic and faithful images. We improve GLB by newly introducing style-subnets-assisted GLB (S-GLB). We also propose a novel inter-uncertainty loss to boost our method's performance. Introducing more spatial information by inputting adjacent slices further improved the results. RESULTS: SGSR outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) supervised SR methods qualitatively and quantitatively on multiple datasets. SGSR achieved higher reconstruction accuracy than recently supervised baselines by increasing peak signal-to-noise ratio from 32.628 to 34.206 dB. CONCLUSION: SGSR performs large-factor SR while given a registered LR-HR medical image dataset with registration error for training. SGSR's results have both realistic textures and accurate anatomical structures due to favorable quantitative and qualitative results. Experiments on multiple datasets demonstrated SGSR's superiority over other SOTA methods. SR medical images generated by SGSR are expected to improve the accuracy of pre-surgery diagnosis and reduce patient burden.

DOI： 10.1007/s11548-023-03037-3

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Language：English   Publisher：BioMed Research International  

Ossification of the ligaments progresses slowly in the initial stages, and most patients are unaware of the disease until obvious myelopathy symptoms appear. Consequently, treatment and clinical outcomes are not satisfactory. This study is aimed at developing an automated system for the detection of the thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) using deep learning and plain radiography. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 146 patients with thoracic OPLL and 150 control cases without thoracic OPLL. Plain lateral thoracic radiographs were used for object detection, training, and validation. Thereafter, an object detection system was developed, and its accuracy was calculated. The performance of the proposed system was compared with that of two spine surgeons. The accuracy of the proposed object detection model based on plain lateral thoracic radiographs was 83.4%, whereas the accuracies of spine surgeons 1 and 2 were 80.4% and 77.4%, respectively. Our findings indicate that our automated system, which uses a deep learning-based method based on plain radiographs, can accurately detect thoracic OPLL. This system has the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of thoracic OPLL.

DOI： 10.1155/2023/8495937

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PubMed

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本コンピュータ外科学会  

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Language：English   Publisher：Journal of Clinical Medicine  

Spinal cord tumors are infrequently identified spinal diseases that are often difficult to diagnose even with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. To minimize the probability of overlooking these tumors and improve diagnostic accuracy, an automatic diagnostic system is needed. We aimed to develop an automated system for detecting and diagnosing spinal schwannomas and meningiomas based on deep learning using You Only Look Once (YOLO) version 4 and MRI. In this retrospective diagnostic accuracy study, the data of 50 patients with spinal schwannomas, 45 patients with meningiomas, and 100 control cases were reviewed, respectively. Sagittal T1-weighted (T1W) and T2-weighted (T2W) images were used for object detection, classification, training, and validation. The object detection and diagnosis system was developed using YOLO version 4. The accuracies of the proposed object detections based on T1W, T2W, and T1W + T2W images were 84.8%, 90.3%, and 93.8%, respectively. The accuracies of the object detection for two spine surgeons were 88.9% and 90.1%, respectively. The accuracies of the proposed diagnoses based on T1W, T2W, and T1W + T2W images were 76.4%, 83.3%, and 84.1%, respectively. The accuracies of the diagnosis for two spine surgeons were 77.4% and 76.1%, respectively. We demonstrated an accurate, automated detection and diagnosis of spinal schwannomas and meningiomas using the developed deep learning-based method based on MRI. This system could be valuable in supporting radiological diagnosis of spinal schwannomas and meningioma, with a potential of reducing the radiologist’s overall workload.

DOI： 10.3390/jcm12155075

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PubMed

Language：English   Publisher：Digestive Endoscopy  

Objectives: In this study we aimed to develop an artificial intelligence-based model for predicting postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed ERCP patients at Nagoya University Hospital (NUH) and Toyota Memorial Hospital (TMH). We constructed two prediction models, a random forest (RF), one of the machine-learning algorithms, and a logistic regression (LR) model. First, we selected features of each model from 40 possible features. Then the models were trained and validated using three fold cross-validation in the NUH cohort and tested in the TMH cohort. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to assess model performance. Finally, using the output parameters of the RF model, we classified the patients into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups. Results: A total of 615 patients at NUH and 544 patients at TMH were enrolled. Ten features were selected for the RF model, including albumin, creatinine, biliary tract cancer, pancreatic cancer, bile duct stone, total procedure time, pancreatic duct injection, pancreatic guidewire-assisted technique without a pancreatic stent, intraductal ultrasonography, and bile duct biopsy. In the three fold cross-validation, the RF model showed better predictive ability than the LR model (AUROC 0.821 vs. 0.660). In the test, the RF model also showed better performance (AUROC 0.770 vs. 0.663, P = 0.002). Based on the RF model, we classified the patients according to the incidence of PEP (2.9%, 10.0%, and 23.9%). Conclusion: We developed an RF model. Machine-learning algorithms could be powerful tools to develop accurate prediction models.

DOI： 10.1111/den.14622

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PubMed

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本医用画像工学会  

本稿では,肺マイクロCT像における小葉間隔壁抽出のための教師データ生成手法について述べる.マイクロCTとよばれる高解像度CT撮像装置により,肺の微細構造を撮像可能となった.肺マイクロCT像による三次元的な肺微細構造解析に基づく病態や生体機能のさらなる解明が期待される.肺微細構造の一つである小葉間隔壁の構造を明らかにするため,我々はマイクロCT像からの小葉間隔壁の構造抽出を目指す.マイクロCT像における小葉間隔壁の教師データ作成の負担は大きい.本稿では,教師データ生成の負担軽減のため,二次元画像のみのラベル付与から,三次元画像のラベル画像を得る方法を検討する.本手法で得たラベル画像から5枚の断面画像をランダムに取り出して評価したところ,平均のDice係数は0.75だった.本手法によって得られたラベル画像を元に,手動で断面画像の教師データ生成を行ったところ,作業時間が27～30分から5～7分に短縮された.(著者抄録)

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.gie.2023.04.1087

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Language：English   Publisher：International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery  

Purpose: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive treatment for early gastric cancer. However, perforations may happen and cause peritonitis during ESD. Thus, there is a potential demand for a computer-aided diagnosis system to support physicians in ESD. This paper presents a method to detect and localize perforations from colonoscopy videos to avoid perforation ignoring or enlarging by ESD physicians. Method: We proposed a training method for YOLOv3 by using GIoU and Gaussian affinity losses for perforation detection and localization in colonoscopic images. In this method, the object functional contains the generalized intersection over Union loss and Gaussian affinity loss. We propose a training method for the architecture of YOLOv3 with the presented loss functional to detect and localize perforations precisely. Results: To qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the presented method, we created a dataset from 49 ESD videos. The results of the presented method on our dataset revealed a state-of-the-art performance of perforation detection and localization, which achieved 0.881 accuracy, 0.869 AUC, and 0.879 mean average precision. Furthermore, the presented method is able to detect a newly appeared perforation in 0.1 s. Conclusions: The experimental results demonstrated that YOLOv3 trained by the presented loss functional were very effective in perforation detection and localization. The presented method can quickly and precisely remind physicians of perforation happening in ESD. We believe a future CAD system can be constructed for clinical applications with the proposed method.

DOI： 10.1007/s11548-022-02821-x

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Language：English   Publisher：International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery  

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The incorrect notations were given in the author’s affiliations.

DOI： 10.1007/s11548-023-02899-x

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PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s00586-023-07562-2

Scopus

PubMed

Publisher：Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE  

In this paper, we present a segmentation method for laparoscopic images using semantically similar groups for multi-class semantic segmentation. Accurate semantic segmentation is a key problem for computer assisted surgeries. Common segmentation models do not explicitly learn similarities between classes. We propose a model that, in addition to learning to segment an image into classes, also learns to segment it into human-defined semantically similar groups. We modify the LinkNet34 architecture by adding a second decoder with an auxiliary task of segmenting the image into these groups. The feature maps of the second decoder are merged into the final decoder. We validate our method against our base model LinkNet34 and a larger LinkNet50. We find that our proposed modification increased the performance both with mean Dice (average +1.5%) and mean Intersection over Union metrics (average +2.8%) on two laparoscopic datasets.

DOI： 10.1117/12.2654636

Scopus

Publisher：Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE  

This paper introduces the improved method for the COVID-19 classification based on computed tomography (CT) volumes using a combination of a complex-architecture convolutional neural network (CNN) and orthogonal ensemble networks (OEN). The novel coronavirus disease reported in 2019 (COVID-19) is still spreading worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is required in such a situation, and the CT scan is an essential examination. Various computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) methods have been developed to assist and accelerate doctors' diagnoses. Although one of the effective methods is ensemble learning, existing methods combine some major models which do not specialize in COVID-19. In this study, we attempted to improve the performance of a CNN for the COVID-19 classification based on chest CT volumes. The CNN model specializes in feature extraction from anisotropic chest CT volumes. We adopt the OEN, an ensemble learning method considering inter-model diversity, to boost its feature extraction ability. For the experiment, We used chest CT volumes of 1283 cases acquired in multiple medical institutions in Japan. The classification result on 257 test cases indicated that the combination could improve the classification performance.

DOI： 10.1117/12.2653792

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Publisher：Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE  

This paper proposes an automated classification method of COVID-19 chest CT volumes using improved 3D MLP-Mixer. Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads over the world, causing a large number of infected patients and deaths. Sudden increase in the number of COVID-19 patients causes a manpower shortage in medical institutions. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system provides quick and quantitative diagnosis results. CAD system for COVID-19 enables efficient diagnosis workflow and contributes to reduce such manpower shortage. In image-based diagnosis of viral pneumonia cases including COVID-19, both local and global image features are important because viral pneumonia cause many ground glass opacities and consolidations in large areas in the lung. This paper proposes an automated classification method of chest CT volumes for COVID-19 diagnosis assistance. MLP-Mixer is a recent method of image classification using Vision Transformer-like architecture. It performs classification using both local and global image features. To classify 3D CT volumes, we developed a hybrid classification model that consists of both a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) and a 3D version of the MLP-Mixer. Classification accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated using a dataset that contains 1205 CT volumes and obtained 79.5% of classification accuracy. The accuracy was higher than that of conventional 3D CNN models consists of 3D CNN layers and simple MLP layers.

DOI： 10.1117/12.2654706

Scopus

Publisher：Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE  

This article describes a method for bronchial nomenclature using real bronchoscopic (RB) images and pre-built knowledge base of branches. The bronchus has a complex tree-like structure, which increases the difficulty of bronchoscopy. Therefore, a bronchoscopic navigation system is used to help physicians during examination. Conventional navigation system used preoperative CT images and real bronchoscopic images to obtain the camera pose for navigation, whose accuracy is influenced by organ deformation. We propose a bronchial nomenclature method to estimate branch names for bronchoscopic navigation. This method consists of a bronchus knowledge base construction model, a camera motion estimation module, an anatomical structure tracking module, and a branch name estimation module. The knowledge base construction module is used to find the relationship of each branch. The anatomical tracking module is used to track the bronchial orifice (BO) extracted in each RB frame. The camera motion estimation module is used to estimate the camera motion between two frames. The branch name estimation module uses the pre-built bronchus knowledge base and BO tracking results to find the name of each branch. Experimental results showed that it is possible to estimate branch names using only RB images and the pre-built knowledge base of branches.

DOI： 10.1117/12.2654508

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Publisher：Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE  

Neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) has been widely used in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) for its significantly enhanced contrast between the PD-related structure, the substantia nigra (SN) and surrounding tissues. To develop the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system of PD and reduce the labor burden of clinicians, precise and automatic segmentation of SN is becoming more and more desired. This paper proposes a novel network combining the priority gating attention and Bayesian learning for improving the accuracy of fully automatic SN segmentation from NM-MRI. Different from the conventional gated attention model, the proposed network uses the prior SN probability map for guiding the attention computation and reducing the potential disruptions introduced by the background. Additionally, to lower the risks of over-fitting and estimate the confidence scores for the segmentation results, Bayesian learning with Monte Carlo dropout is applied in the training and testing phases. The quantitative results showed that the proposed network acquired the averaged Dice score of 79.46% in comparison with the baseline model 77.93%.

DOI： 10.1117/12.2655112

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Publisher：Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE  

This paper proposes a deformable tissue model that introduces octree lattice vertex layout and cubic constraints to the orthodox PBD (Position Based Dynamics) method. Surgical simulation is expected to provide a safe method for training in surgery, which is especially useful for preoperative education of inexperienced surgeons and/or for the case a prior attempt is required. To build a surgical simulator, it is necessary to develop organ models with deformations and interaction algorithms between surgical instruments and organ models, all of which must be performed in real time. Since existing surgical simulators focus on real-time performance, the resolution of organ models is limited. The proposed method restricts the vertex locations of the PBD method to the vertices of the octree lattice to save computation time while maintaining a high deformation resolution. To obtain appropriate results even for large deformations, three-dimensional constraints are applied to each octree cube as the constraints of the PBD method. In the simulations, we tested the overall deformation by dropping a liver model and the local deformation scene by laparoscopic clipping. As a result, we achieved deformation simulations at 26.5 fps for the model with approximately 2,672 cube elements and 20,659 vertices.

DOI： 10.1117/12.2654092

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING  

Medical image analysis approaches such as data augmentation and domain adaption need huge amounts of realistic medical images. Generating realistic medical images by machine learning is a feasible approach. We propose L-former, a lightweight Transformer for realistic medical image generation. L-former can generate more reliable and realistic medical images than recent generative adversarial networks (GANs). Meanwhile, L-former does not consume as high computational cost as conventional Transformer-based generative models. L-former uses Transformers to generate low-resolution feature vectors at shallow layers, and uses convolutional neural networks to generate high-resolution realistic medical images at deep layers. Experimental results showed that L-former outperformed conventional GANs by FID scores 33.79 and 76.85 on two datasets, respectively. We further conducted a downstream study by using the images generated by L-former to perform a super-resolution task. A high PSNR score of 27.87 proved L-former's ability to generate reliable images for super-resolution and showed its potential for applications in medical diagnosis.

DOI： 10.1117/12.2653776

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/21681163.2022.2159534

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/21681163.2022.2151938

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Publisher：Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE  

In this paper, we propose a scheme that includes automated extraction of thrombus regions and quantitative analysis of thrombosis in confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) blood flow image sequence. Making thrombosis model in animal models play an important role in the development of antithrombotic drugs and ascertaining thrombosis mechanisms. Making thrombosis model in cerebral cortex of mice is usually observed using a CLSM in the fluorescence mode. However, some small changes of thrombus regions are not easily observed in CLSM blood flow image sequences. In addition, it is not easy for researchers to quantitatively analyze the degree of thrombosis. Therefore, we propose a scheme to achieve automatic thrombosis region extraction and quantitative analysis. In which, our thrombosis region extraction method uses analysis of changing pattern of thrombosis regions in CLSM blood flow image sequence. Experimental results showed that our scheme can help biological researchers observe and analyze the changes of thrombosis in animal models and reduced the use of fluorescent thrombus markers.

DOI： 10.1117/12.2654632

Scopus

Publisher：Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)  

We present a general framework for medical image segmentation from limited supervision, reducing the reliance on fully and densely labeled data. Our method is simple, jointly trains triple diverse models, and adopts a mix augmentation scheme, and thus is called TriMix. TriMix imposes consistency under a more challenging perturbation, i.e., combining data augmentation and model diversity on the tri-training framework. This straightforward strategy enables TriMix to serve as a strong and general learner learning from limited supervision using different kinds of imperfect labels. We conduct extensive experiments to show TriMix’s generic purpose for semi- and weakly-supervised segmentation tasks. Compared to task-specific state-of-the-arts, TriMix achieves competitive performance and sometimes surpasses them by a large margin. The code is available at https://github.com/MoriLabNU/TriMix.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-26351-4_12

Scopus

Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本生体医工学会  

<p>【はじめに】術後成長発達する小児患者にとって、低侵襲手術は非常に重要である。しかし患者数は限られているため、しっかりとした手術を行うためにoff the job-training(OJT)が重要である。さらにOJTでの効率的な手技獲得には、手技を客観的に評価しfeed backを行うシステムが必須である。また安全で効率的な内視鏡手術を行うためには、臓器の位置関係の把握が必要であるため、術中ナビゲーションは重要な要件となる。これらの課題に対して、AIを用いた内視鏡手技評価および手術支援システムの構築に着手しており現状の成果を報告する。【方法と結果】食道閉鎖症モデルを用いた吻合手技を被験者に課し、各被験者の手技を最初に人の目で「check 表」「エラー項目」「時間」を用いて評価した。次にビデオから検出した鉗子の動きと人が判定した手技優劣の関係性をAIで学習させ、上位88％・下位95％の精度で手技優劣が自動判定可能となった。この結果を解析することで今まで必要だった50項目以上の肉眼チェックが、わずか７項目チェックするだけで手技の優劣を判断できることが明らかになった。現在食道閉鎖症の手術画像を用いて、食道・迷走神経・気管を深層学習させ、各種構造物の自動認識を進めている。【まとめ】AI画像解析により内視鏡手技の優劣をビデオで判定可能となった。この結果から新たに効率的な手技判断基準を定めることができた。術中ナビゲーションは現在精度のさらなる向上を目指している。</p>

DOI： 10.11239/jsmbe.annual61.127_2

CiNii Research

Publisher：Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)  

Developing a generalized segmentation model capable of simultaneously delineating multiple organs and diseases is highly desirable. Federated learning (FL) is a key technology enabling the collaborative development of a model without exchanging training data. However, the limited access to fully annotated training data poses a major challenge to training generalizable models. We propose “ConDistFL”, a framework to solve this problem by combining FL with knowledge distillation. Local models can extract the knowledge of unlabeled organs and tumors from partially annotated data from the global model with an adequately designed conditional probability representation. We validate our framework on four distinct partially annotated abdominal CT datasets from the MSD and KiTS19 challenges. The experimental results show that the proposed framework significantly outperforms FedAvg and FedOpt baselines. Moreover, the performance on an external test dataset demonstrates superior generalizability compared to models trained on each dataset separately. Our ablation study suggests that ConDistFL can perform well without frequent aggregation, reducing the communication cost of FL. Our implementation will be available at https://github.com/NVIDIA/NVFlare/tree/main/research/condist-fl.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-47401-9_30

Scopus

Publisher：Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)  

Semantic segmentation of laparoscopic images is an important issue for intraoperative guidance in laparoscopic surgery. However, acquiring and annotating laparoscopic datasets is labor-intensive, which limits the research on this topic. In this paper, we tackle the Domain-Adaptive Semantic Segmentation (DASS) task, which aims to train a segmentation network using only computer-generated simulated images and unlabeled real images. To bridge the large domain gap between generated and real images, we propose a Masked Frequency Consistency (MFC) module that encourages the network to learn frequency-related information of the target domain as additional cues for robust recognition. Specifically, MFC randomly masks some high-frequency information of the image to improve the consistency of the network’s predictions for low-frequency images and real images. We conduct extensive experiments on existing DASS frameworks with our MFC module and show performance improvements. Our approach achieves comparable results to fully supervised learning method on the CholecSeg8K dataset without using any manual annotation. The code is available at github.com/MoriLabNU/MFC.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-43907-0_63

Scopus

Publisher：Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)  

This work proposes an innovative self-supervised approach to monocular depth estimation in laparoscopic scenarios. Previous methods independently predicted depth maps ignoring spatial coherence in local regions and temporal correlation between adjacent images. The proposed approach leverages spatio-temporal coherence to address the challenges of textureless areas and homogeneous colors in such scenes. This approach utilizes a multi-view depth estimation model to guide monocular depth estimation when predicting depth maps. Moreover, the minimum reprojection error is extended to construct a cost volume for the multi-view model using adjacent images. Additionally, a 3D consistency of the point cloud back-projected from predicted depth maps is optimized for the monocular depth estimation model. To benefit from spatial coherence, deformable patch-matching is introduced to the monocular and multi-view models to smooth depth maps in local regions. Finally, a cycled prediction learning for view synthesis and relative poses is designed to exploit the temporal correlation between adjacent images fully. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms existing methods in both qualitative and quantitative evaluations. Our code is available at https://github.com/MoriLabNU/MGMDepthL.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-43996-4_41

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本生体医工学会  

<p>【背景】膀胱癌は経尿道手術後に再発が多い腫瘍であり、膀胱鏡での腫瘍の見落としが原因とされている。内視鏡での観察は、従来の白色光(WLI)の他に、NBIを使用するが、いずれの腫瘍検出精度は検者の技量・経験に依存するため、検査の再現性・客観性が少ないことが課題である。近年、人工知能(AI)が多くの医療分野で活用されており、AIによる検査は、客観性・再現性を持った上で、エキスパートレベルと同程度の診断能を持つ可能性があるとされている。今回、WLI/NBI膀胱鏡画像を用いて、AIによる腫瘍検出の精度を検証した。【方法】2019年から2021年まで、経尿道的膀胱腫瘍切除術(TURBT)の際に、WLI/NBIを用いて観察を行った症例の手術動画から膀胱鏡画像を作成し、腫瘍を含む画像を腫瘍画像、腫瘍を含まない画像を正常画像と定義した。腫瘍画像内の膀胱腫瘍を矩形でアノテーションを行い、テストデータ用の画像を用いてAIによる感度、特異度、陽性的中率を評価した。AIでの物体検出はtiny-YOLOを用い、腫瘍検出精度の検証を行った。【結果】WLIとNBIから、それぞれ腫瘍画像をそれぞれtiny-YOLOで学習を行い、腫瘍画像(WLI: 525枚、NBI:219枚)と正常画像(WLI:98枚、NBI:108枚)で精度検証を行った。AIによる物体検出の感度/特異度/陽性的中率は、WLIで87.8%/88.8%/97.7%、NBIで82.2%/81.4%/90.0%であった。【結論】膀胱鏡画像において、AIにより比較的良好に腫瘍検出が可能であった。更なる精度改善、リアルタイム検出への課題について、文献的考察を加え報告する。</p>

DOI： 10.11239/jsmbe.annual61.255_2

CiNii Research

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/21681163.2022.2155579

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DOI： 10.1080/21681163.2022.2152728

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-24936-6

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MEDICAL IMAGING AND INFORMATION SCIENCES  

DOI： 10.11318/mii.39.78

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：株式会社医学書院  

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1408202455

CiNii Research

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s11548-022-02767-0

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s11548-022-02773-2

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-18814-5_7

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-18523-6_6

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本救急医学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-16440-8_45

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s11548-022-02696-y

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)   Publisher：(一社)日本医用画像工学会  

黒質緻密部の3次元パターン表現に関する初期的検討について報告する.黒質緻密部における神経細胞の減少はパーキンソン病疾患者において観察される特徴のひとつである.この黒質緻密部の変化はT2強調画像や神経メラニン強調画像を介して捉えることができ,黒質緻密部の左右差や体積の減少として観察できると報告されている.一方で,得られた画像データを用いて黒質緻密部の3次元パターンの変化を計算機上で解析するためには,何らかの特徴表現が必要となる.本稿では黒質緻密部の神経メラニンMRIの信号強度比をテンソルにて表し,これらテンソルの分解に基づいた特徴表現を提案する.提案した特徴表現にて健常者・パーキンソン病患者のパターン分布を調査した結果,2つのクラスで異なる分布を表現できていることを確認した.(著者抄録)

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.03.053

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/CVPRW56347.2022.00203

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DOI： 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.933

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Publisher：International Journal of Hematology  

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. As overall cure rates of childhood ALL have improved, reduction of overall treatment intensity while still ensuring excellent outcomes is imperative for low-risk patients. We report the outcomes of patients treated following the standard-risk protocol from the prospective Japan Association of Childhood Leukemia Study (JACLS) ALL-02 study, which was conducted between 2002 and 2008 for patients with newly diagnosed ALL aged 1–18 years. Of 1138 patients with B-cell precursor ALL, 388 (34.1%) were allocated to this protocol. Excellent outcomes were achieved despite the overall treatment intensity being lower than that of most contemporary protocols: 4 years event-free survival (EFS) was 92.3% and 4 years overall survival 98.2%. Patients with high hyperdiploidy (HHD) involving triple trisomy (trisomy of chromosomes 4, 10, and 17) or ETV6-RUNX1 had even better outcomes (4 years EFS 97.6% and 100%, respectively). Unique characteristics of this protocol include a selection of low-risk patients with a low initial WBC count and good early treatment response and reduction of cumulative doses of chemotherapeutic agents while maintaining dose density. In Japan, we are currently investigating the feasibility of this protocol while incorporating minimal residual disease into the patient stratification strategy.

DOI： 10.1007/s12185-022-03315-x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1117/1.JMI.9.2.024003

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s11548-021-02530-x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1117/12.2613289

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DOI： 10.1080/21681163.2021.2004445

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.gie.2021.07.022

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DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-16449-1_70

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Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/miccai/miccai2022-7.html#HuIOHLSHKAKAM22

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/21681163.2021.2015723

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/21681163.2021.2012835

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-90874-4_5

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-90874-4_10

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-90874-4_1

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-90874-4_9

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s11548-021-02492-0

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1109/ICCVW54120.2021.00369

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-87592-3_3

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/mp.15192

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DOI： 10.1007/s11548-021-02477-z

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s11548-021-02460-8

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)   Publisher：Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering  

<p>Deep learning became an essential method of medical image processing. Deep learning solved many tasks among medical image processing, including image classification, detection, and segmentation. Many deep learning applications were proposed for eye-fundus images and radiological images among medical image modalities. Practical performances were achieved from such applications. In this presentation, we review deep learning-based medical image processing methods and their applications from their methods and image modalities. Also, we introduce new applications of deep learning in medical image processing. Deep learning-based methods process many kinds of data as their explanatory and objective variables. They can be applied to medical data, including image, text, and sensor data. We introduce some examples of such applications. We review new deep learning applications in medical image processing from the examples.</p>

DOI： 10.11239/jsmbe.Annual59.256

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1055/a-1475-3624

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DOI： 10.1007/s11548-021-02398-x

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1117/12.2582088

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003749

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1111/den.13847

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society  

<p>The global incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer remains high. Colonoscopy is regarded as the gold standard examination for detecting and eradicating neoplastic lesions. However, there are some uncertainties in colonoscopy practice that are related to limitations in human performance. First, approximately one-fourth of colorectal neoplasms are missed on a single colonoscopy. Second, it is still difficult for nonexperts to perform adequately regarding optical biopsy. Third, recording of some quality indicators (e.g. cecal intubation, bowel preparation, and withdrawal speed） which are related to adenoma detection rate, is sometimes incomplete. With recent improvements in machine learning techniques and advances in computer performance, artificial intelligence-assisted computer-aided diagnosis is being increasingly utilized by endoscopists. In particular, the emergence of deep-learning, data-driven machine learning techniques have made the development of computer-aided systems easier than that of conventional machine learning techniques, the former currently being considered the standard artificial intelligence engine of computer-aided diagnosis by colonoscopy. To date, computer-aided detection systems seem to have improved the rate of detection of neoplasms. Additionally, computer-aided characterization systems may have the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy in real-time clinical practice. Furthermore, some artificial intelligence-assisted systems that aim to improve the quality of colonoscopy have been reported. The implementation of computer-aided system clinical practice may provide additional benefits such as helping in educational poorly performing endoscopists and supporting real-time clinical decision-making. In this review, we have focused on computer-aided diagnosis during colonoscopy reported by gastroenterologists and discussed its status, limitations, and future prospects.</p>

DOI： 10.11280/gee.63.1402

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)   Publisher：The Japan Society of Computer Aided Surgery  

DOI： 10.5759/jscas.23.74

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering  

<p>The overlooking bladder tumors during transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) causes high intravesical recurrence rate. The conventional White light imaging(WLI) and Narrow-band imaging (NBI) were subjective and poor reproducibility due to depending on doctor's experience and skills. Recently, image recognition using artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied for diagnostic imaging and achieving a good performance result, however the feasibility of cystoscopy with AI is still unknown. In this study, we constructed an object detection system based on the AI architecture. We prospectively obtained cystoscopic images from patients who underwent TURBT, and divided these images as the training data and test data. The sensitivity, specificity and Positive predictive value of WLI and NBI were 84.6%, 76.9% and 90.8%, and 78.1%, 97.1% and 95.8%, respectively. Our system has the possibility to improve detection rates of the bladder tumors during cystoscopy, and might be beneficial to reduce recurrence rate of bladder tumors.</p>

DOI： 10.11239/jsmbe.Annual59.299

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Medical Imaging Technology  

<p>In order to set up a practical experiment and research environment for deep learning, it is necessary to build an computing environment using GPU. This is because the calculation speed is several tens of times faster than the calculation using only the CPU. In this course, we will explain how to build a GPU environment and clarify how much the calculation time changes, using image segmentation as an example. At the same time, the method of image segmentation using U-Net model and the construction of the label data are also mentioned.</p>

DOI： 10.11409/mit.39.124

Authorship：Last author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Medical Imaging Technology  

DOI： 10.11409/mit.39.97

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s11548-020-02255-3

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/21681163.2020.1835560

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Language：English   Publisher：(一社)日本コンピュータ外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本医用画像工学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本コンピュータ外科学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.027

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/mp.14372

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Language：English   Publisher：日本医用画像工学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本医用画像工学会  

本稿では,Spherical K-means(SpK)により抽出された複数スケールの特徴量と位置特徴量を用いた胃壁μCT画像からの粘膜層,粘膜下層,筋層及び腫瘍の抽出手法について報告する.胃壁のμCT画像から解剖学的構造を抽出することで腫瘍の立体構造把握が可能である.従来手法では複数スケールの特徴抽出フィルタをSpKによって学習し,パッチから特徴抽出を行った.その後得られた特徴量に基づいてSVMによって分類を行っていた.しかし,SpKにより生成された特徴抽出フィルタは濃度値に基づく特徴量を抽出するため,粘膜層と筋層のように濃度値が類似した領域同士の特徴量が近しい値になる.本手法ではSpKにより得られる複数スケールの特徴量にパッチの位置特徴量を追加して分類する事によって,濃度値に基づく特徴量では分類できない領域の分類を可能にする.パッチの位置特徴量としてパッチの中心座標を用いる.本手法を胃壁μCT像に適用した結果,粘膜層,粘膜下層,筋層及び腫瘍の抽出に対するDICE係数は68.3%,63.2%,82.2%,69.1%であった.特に従来手法と比べ,腫瘍の抽出に対するDICE係数は26.1%向上した.(著者抄録)

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s11548-020-02241-9

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DOI： 10.1016/j.gie.2020.07.060

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DOI： 10.1080/13645706.2019.1625926

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DOI： 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.09.009

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(社)日本大腸検査学会  

EndoBRAIN(製造:サイバーネットシステム株式会社・販売:オリンパス株式会社)は、人工知能による診断支援システムとして、本邦初の薬機法承認を得た医療機器である。EndoBRAINは超拡大内視鏡(CF-H290ECI、オリンパス株式会社)によって取得される520倍の拡大画像をAIが解析することで、大腸病変が腫瘍なのかどうかを瞬時に予測し、医師に情報提供を行う。2012年から開始したEndoBRAINの研究開発は、昭和大学-名古屋大学-サイバーネットシステム株式会社での医工産連携のもと、日本医療研究開発機構(AMED)からのサポート下に継続的に実施され、2018年12月に薬機法承認を取得した。EndoBRAINの臨床的有用性については、2018年に791症例を対象とした大規模前向き試験の結果が公表されており、感度92.7%で腫瘍の鑑別が可能であると報告されている。また、最近公表された前向き試験の副次解析結果によると、EndoBRAINを使用することで、本来切除すべきでない非腫瘍性ポリープの治療件数を抑制することができるため、これにより最大164億円/年の医療費が削減しうることが分かってきた。本稿では、EndoBRAINの特徴・使用法、および薬機法承認取得までの経緯を紹介するとともに、その臨床的有用性および期待される医療費抑制効果について、最新の研究成果を総括する。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(社)日本大腸検査学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本医用画像工学会  

This paper presents a super-resolution (SR) method with unpaired training
dataset of clinical CT and micro CT volumes. For obtaining very detailed
information such as cancer invasion from pre-operative clinical CT volumes of
lung cancer patients, SR of clinical CT volumes to $\m$}CT level is desired.
While most SR methods require paired low- and high- resolution images for
training, it is infeasible to obtain paired clinical CT and {\mu}CT volumes. We
propose a SR approach based on CycleGAN, which could perform SR on clinical CT
into $\mu$CT level. We proposed new loss functions to keep cycle consistency,
while training without paired volumes. Experimental results demonstrated that
our proposed method successfully performed SR of clinical CT volume of lung
cancer patients into $\mu$CT level.

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Other Link： http://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.03272v1

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.23922/jarc.2019-045

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Techniques and Innovations in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy  

Because magnifying endoscopy is considered to be more accurate at predicting the histology of colorectal polyps than nonmagnifying endoscopy, it has been attracting a lot of attention, especially in Japan. However, use of magnifying endoscopy is not yet widespread because of its limited availability and the difficulty in interpreting the acquired images. Application of artificial intelligence (AI) is now changing this situation because it helps less-skilled endoscopists to accurately interpret magnified images. Research in this field initially focused on magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging as the target of AI. Most previously published retrospective studies have reported over 90% sensitivity in differentiation of neoplastic lesions; however, automatically indicating the region of interest (ROI) of the polyps that AI should analyze has been found to be challenging. To address this practical problem, some researchers have started to adopt contact endomicroscopy as a target for AI. Contact endomicroscopy includes endocytoscopy (520-fold magnification, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) and confocal laser endomicroscopy (1000-fold magnification, Mauna Kea, Paris, France). These forms of contact endomicroscopy provide ultramagnified images that make it unnecessary to manually select the ROI because the entire image acquired by contact endomicroscopy is the ROI of the targeted polyps. This strength of contact endomicroscopy has contributed to early implementation of this technology into clinical practice, which may change the utility of magnifying endoscopy in clinical settings and help increase its use globally in the near future.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tgie.2019.150632

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DOI： 10.1117/1.JMI.7.2.026001

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DOI： 10.1016/j.media.2019.101623

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DOI： 10.18999/nagjms.82.1.25

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<p>EndoBRAIN (Cybernet System Corp.; Olympus Corp., Tokyo) is the computer-aided diagnostic system supportedby artificial intelligence (AI) that allows real-time identification of colorectal polyps. EndoBRAIN was the firstly approved medical device in the field of AI in Japan. This regulatory approval was achieved by the close collaboration among medical researchers, engineering researchers, industrial partners, and public funding bodies. This review article shows the overview of EndoBRAIN including its design, performance, and results in clinical trials. In addition, our approaches to regulatory approval and insurance reimbursement, which unfortunately has not been granted, are also introduced.</p>

DOI： 10.11409/mit.38.213

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2551024

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2549532

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2548910

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)  

DOI： 10.5759/jscas.22.54

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2550496

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2548929

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2549949

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2549951

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DOI： 10.1007/s11548-019-02062-5

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DOI： 10.1049/htl.2019.0071

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DOI： 10.1049/htl.2019.0079

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Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.21037/tgh.2019.12.14

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本コンピュータ外科学会  

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Publisher：(株)メジカルビュー社  

DOI： 10.18885/j01843.2020039296

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DOI： 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2019.101642

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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DOI： 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.PA3168

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DOI： 10.1111/den.13340

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DOI： 10.1111/den.13317

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DOI： 10.3390/mi10020081

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DOI： 10.1016/j.gie.2018.09.024

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2521618

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DOI： 10.11409/mit.37.123

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2512746

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DOI： 10.5759/jscas.21.143

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This paper introduces our medical image analysis researches in the AMED project. Our research topics are radiological and endoscope image analyses. The radiological image analysis includes a blood vessel diagnosis assistance using non-contrasted abdominal CT volumes and an abdominal multi-organ segmentation from CT volumes. The endoscope image analysis includes observing area classifications of endoscope images taken in the stomach and colon. We explain approaches and results of these researches.

DOI： 10.11409/mit.37.84

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2513093

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2512145

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DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-32689-0_11

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DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-32226-7_39

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2513094

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DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-32226-7_27

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2512766

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DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-11018-5_43

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2521646

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2512790

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.18974/tvrsj.23.4_249

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DOI： 10.7326/M18-0249

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DOI： 10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.PA860

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DOI： 10.1111/ans.14331

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DOI： 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.04.003

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DOI： 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2018.03.001

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2293288

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)  

This paper shows examples of micro anatomical structure imaging using a desktop micro-focus X-ray CT scanner. Currently clinical X-ray CT scanners can take CT images in 0.5mm to 1mm per voxel in resolution. Such scanner can take anatomical structures close to image resolution of scanners. Micro-focus X-ray CT (micro CT) scanner can take CT images of 1&mu;m per voxel to 50&mu;m per voxel in resolution. Such scanner enables us to explore micro anatomical structures. This paper shows several examples of micro CT images of lung and heart specimens with discussion on future direction.

DOI： 10.11409/mit.36.127

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1117/12.2293431

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In this paper, we propose a new airway segmentation algorithm from 3D chest CT volumes based on the volume of interest (VOI). The algorithm segments each bronchial branch by recognizing the airway regions from the trachea using the VOIs to segment each branch. A VOI is placed to envelop the branch currently being processed. Then a cavity enhancement filter is performed only inside the current VOI so that each branch is extracted. At the same time, we perform a leakage detection scheme to avoid any leakage regions inside the VOI. Next the gradient vector flow magnitude map and a tubular-likeness function are computed in each VOI. This assists the predictions of both the position and direction of the next child VOIs to detect the next child branches to continue the tracking algorithm. Finally, we unify all of the extracted airway regions to form a complete airway tree. We used a dataset that includes 50 standard-dose human chest CT volumes to evaluate our proposed algorithm. The average extraction rate was approximately 78.1% with a significantly decreased false positive rate compared to the previous method.

DOI： 10.11409/mit.36.133

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-00937-3_48

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DOI： 10.11409/mit.36.45

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DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-00934-2_68

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2293499

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2292172

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2293414

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)  

Deep learning can be applied to many tasks in medical image processing. There are some points to be careful in research use of deep learning to take advantage of its performance. Among such points, three topics including manual specification of many parameters in deep learning, pitfalls of data augmentation, and how randomly selected parameters in deep learning affect its performance, are discussed here.

DOI： 10.11409/mit.36.72

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DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-00934-2_26

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DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-01045-4_14

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2293486

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2287066

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One of the most common tasks in medical imaging is semantic segmentation. Achieving this segmentation automatically has been an active area of research, but the task has been proven very challenging due to the large variation of anatomy across different patients. However, recent advances in deep learning have made it possible to significantly improve the performance of image recognition and semantic segmentation methods in the field of computer vision. Due to the data driven approaches of hierarchical feature learning in deep learning frameworks, these advances can be translated to medical images without much difficulty. Several variations of deep convolutional neural networks have been successfully applied to medical images. Especially fully convolutional architectures have been proven efficient for segmentation of 3D medical images. In this article, we describe how to build a 3D fully convolutional network (FCN) that can process 3D images in order to produce automatic semantic segmentations. The model is trained and evaluated on a clinical computed tomography (CT) dataset and shows stateof-the-art performance in multi-organ segmentation.

DOI： 10.11409/mit.36.63

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1117/12.2293495

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE  

DOI： 10.1117/12.2293936

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

This paper presents a novel surface finishing technology for free-formed surfaces of three-dimensional (3D) printed resin organ models. Demand for the medical applications of three-dimensional layered fabrication technology such as organ models is increasing. Surface integrity deteriorations due to laminated micro steps formed on the surface is a significant problem. In general, material removal of layered micro step is performed manually, hence automation technology is desired. In the present study, we proposed a quasi-constant machining force grinding / polishing by use of 3-axis CNC machine tools. The workpiece is fixed to the flexible mechanical structure, whose translational flexibilities are designed to be identical regardless of contact directions and low spring rigidity. With the developed machining system, the liver model processing was demonstrated. Experimental results verified the feasibility of highly-efficient abrasive machining.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemmt.2018.12.c20

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DOI： 10.1117/1.JMI.4.4.044502

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DOI： 10.1055/s-0043-105486

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DOI： 10.1016/j.media.2017.03.006

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Language：English   Publisher：日本医用画像工学会  

本論文では,3次元医用画像向けの新しい教師なしセグメンテーションの手法を提案する.提案手法は2つの段階に分けられる.1つ目の段階では,JULEを用いた深層表現学習をおこなう.JULEは,CNNから出力される表現のクラスタリングと,クラスタラベルを教師信号としたCNNの更新を繰り返す手法である.2つ目の段階では,訓練済みのCNNから生成された深層表現に対し,K-means法を適用してセグメンテーションをおこなう.評価には肺がん標本のマイクロCT画像を用い,浸潤領域,非浸潤領域,正常領域という3つの領域に分けることを試みた.マイクロCT画像上で病理組織学的特徴に基づいたセグメンテーションをおこなうことは,将来の病理診断精度の向上につながる.セグメンテーション結果の定性評価から,深層表現が3次元医用画像のセグメンテーションに有用であることが示された.(著者抄録)

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DOI： 10.1007/s11548-017-1549-x

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DOI： 10.1007/s11548-017-1542-4

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DOI： 10.1007/s11548-016-1492-2

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DOI： 10.1007/s11548-016-1456-6

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DOI： 10.1117/12.2254949

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