研究者詳細 - 野呂　篤史

論文 - 野呂　篤史

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イオン液体膨潤ブロック共重合体フォトニック膜のナノ構造と光学特性招待有り

冨田裕介、提嶋佳生、野呂篤史、松下裕秀

PFニュース 33 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 9-13 2014年11月

ブロック共重合体/金属塩ハイブリッドのナノ相分離構造における構造異性体の効果招待有り

提嶋佳生、野呂篤史、松下裕秀

PFニュース 33 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 15-19 2014年8月

Photonic Block Copolymer Films Swollen with an Ionic Liquid 査読有り

Noro, A; Tomita, Y; Shinohara, Y; Sageshima, Y; Walish, JJ; Matsushita, Y; Thomas, EL

MACROMOLECULES 47 巻 ( 12 ) 頁： 4103 - 4109 2014年6月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Macromolecules

Nonvolatile solvent swollen 1D periodic films were fabricated from lamellae-forming block copolymers with medium molecular weight by infiltrating an ionic liquid. A mixture of imidazole and imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide as a room temperature ionic liquid was added after spin-coating of thin films of polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-P2VP) block copolymers having an approximately 50/50 composition to create photonic films reflecting in the visible regime. Under normal conditions of temperature and humidity, the films maintained their photonic properties for more than 100 days without perceptible change, stemming from the nonvolatility of the ionic liquid. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the selective swelling of the P2VP nanodomains by the IL and ultrasmall angle X-ray scattering measurements provided quantitative nanostructure information on the periodicities of the films. The wavelength of reflected light from photonic films was tunable by using different molecular weight block copolymers as well as by employing blends of two block copolymers. The experimental wavelength of the reflected light, detected by a fiber-optic spectrophotometer, agreed with values estimated from the Bragg condition and was able to be controlled from about 380 to 620 nm. © 2014 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/ma500517e

Viscoelastic Properties of Supramolecular Soft Materials with Transient Polymer Network 査読有り

Hayashi, M; Noro, A; Matsushita, Y

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS 52 巻 ( 11 ) 頁： 755 - 764 2014年6月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics

A series of supramolecular soft materials with hydrogen bonded transient networks was prepared by blending carboxy-terminated telechelic poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA-(COOH)2) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). Effects of PEA-(COOH)2 molecular weight (MPEA) and the blend ratio on the viscoelastic properties were investigated by rheological and small angle X-ray scattering measurements. Rubbery plateau appeared by adding PEI due to network formation with ionic hydrogen bonded crosslinks between amines on PEI and carboxylic acids on PEA-(COOH)2. The highest temperature of a storage modulus-loss modulus crossover as well as the highest flow activation energy was attained at a certain mole ratio of amines to carboxylic acids, irrelevant to MPEA, indicating optimized supramolecular networks were achieved by stoichiometric balance of two functional groups. Since telechelic PEA-(COOH)2 serves as a network strand, the plateau modulus was inversely proportional to MPEA, which was consistent with the correlation length between crosslinks estimated by X-ray scattering measurements. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DOI： 10.1002/polb.23479

Structural Isomer Effects on the Morphology of Block Copolymer/Metal Salts Hybrids 査読有り

Sageshima, Y; Noro, A; Matsushita, Y

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS 52 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 377 - 386 2014年3月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics

The structural isomer effects on phase behavior of block copolymer/FeCl3 hybrids were investigated by comparing structures of two series of blends based on polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-P4VP) and polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-P2VP), with the same molecular weight and the same composition. By conbining fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and differencial scaninng calorimetry, successful achievements of selective dispersion of FeCl3 into poly(vinylpyridine) phase via coordination were verified. Complementary morphological observation by transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), it has been clarified that phase behavior for two isomer series is considerably different. That is, neat PS-P4VP formed thicker cylindrical domains than that of neat PS-P2VP due to much stronger Flory-Huggins interaction parameter χ, χPS-P4VP χPS-P2VP. As for PS-P2VP/FeCl3 hybrids, morphological transition can be taken place at the smaller amount of metal salt; furthermore, P2VP blend series form lamellar structures with evidently larger periodic length at the same amount of metal salt. This is probably caused by the event that excess metal salt also contributes to lamellar expansion by localizing at the center of P2VP lamellar phase. Moreover, the saturation limit of introduced metal salt in P2VP was smaller than that in P4VP due to the steric hindrance for a lone pair electrons on nitrogen atoms directed to the main chain of P2VP. These results can be explained by the structural isomer effects on the conformation of the P2VP chains at coordinated state with FeCl3, that is, P2VP chains prefer to form the intramolecular coordination due to the short range interaction so as to make themselves stiffer, whereas P4VP chains tend to adopt the long range interaction including intra- and intermolecular coordinations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DOI： 10.1002/polb.23421

Preparation and viscoelasticity of hydrogen bonded supramolecular ion gels composed of ABA triblock copolymer and C homopolymer in an ionic liquid 招待有り査読有り

Matsushima S., Hayashi M., Yamagishi H., Noro A., Matsushita Y.

Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi 42 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 135 - 141 2014年

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi

Several supramolecular ion gels were prepared by mixing a poly(4-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(3, 4, 5-trimethoxystyrene)-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) triblock copolymer (Mn = 76000) and poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS, Mn = 3500) in an ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imidide, abbreviated as IL. The weight ratio of three components, i.e., triblock copolymer:PHS:IL was varied as 10:X:90 within the range of 0.16 ≤ X ≤ 3.2. Temperatureramp oscillatory shear measurements revealed that the storage modulus G′ of most of samples was larger than the loss modulus G″ at room temperature, whereas G′ < G″ at high temperatures, indicating those samples are thermoresponsive gels. G′-G″ crossover temperature reached the maximum when a molar ratio of phenol unit on PHS to pyridine unit on a triblock copolymer was nearly two. Dynamic frequency sweeps also revealed two relaxation modes with different time scales: one is associated with hydrogen bonding formation at lower frequencies and the other with friction among network strands at higher frequencies. Moreover, the sample with excesssive PHS provided a completely different relaxation mode, suggesting that incomplete network was formed between triblock copolymer and PHS © 2014 The Society of Rheology, Japan.

DOI： 10.1678/rheology.42.135

Thermoreversible Supramolecular Polymer Gels via Metal-Ligand Coordination in an Ionic Liquid 査読有り

Noro, A; Matsushima, S; He, XD; Hayashi, M; Matsushita, Y

MACROMOLECULES 46 巻 ( 20 ) 頁： 8304 - 8310 2013年10月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Macromolecules

Thermoreversible supramolecular polymer gels were prepared via metal-ligand coordination by mixing a poly(4-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(ethyl acrylate)-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP-PEA-P4VP) triblock copolymer and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in a hydrophobic ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imidide. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed metal-ligand coordination between zinc in ZnCl2 and pyridine groups as ligands on P4VP blocks, even in an ionic liquid. Thermoreversible viscoelastic properties between a semisolid (gel-like) state and a liquid-like state were confirmed by temperature-ramp oscillatory shear measurements. It was also revealed that thermoreversibility of supramolecular polymer gels depended strongly on stoichiometry between ligands and metals, where the maximum of storage modulus-loss modulus crossover temperature (Tgel) as an indicator of gelation was achieved when a molar amount of available coordination sites was a certain excessive amount (coordination site/ligand ratio ∼1.6). The molar ratio at the maximum Tgel is nearly independent of the number of ligands per triblock copolymer. On the other hand, the number of ligands per triblock copolymer affected the Tgel, where a larger number of ligands per triblock copolymer gave a higher Tgel, regardless of almost the same molecular weight of triblock copolymers. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/ma401820x

Fabrication and Modification of Ordered Nanoporous Structures from Nanophase-Separated Block Copolymer/Metal Salt Hybrids 査読有り

Sageshima, Y; Arai, S; Noro, A; Matsushita, Y

LANGMUIR 28 巻 ( 50 ) 頁： 17524 - 17529 2012年12月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Langmuir

We report facile preparation of nanoporous thin films by rinsing out a metal salt from nanophase-separated hybrid films composed of a block copolymer and a water-soluble metal salt. Nanophase-separated hybrids were prepared by mixing polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-P4VP) and iron(III) chloride in a solvent of pyridine, followed by solvent-casting and thermal-annealing. Film samples with a thickness of ca. 100 nm were fabricated from the nanophase-separated hybrids by using a microtoming technique. Metal salts in the films were removed by immersion into water to fabricate nanopores. Morphological observations were conducted by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ordered cylindrical nanopores were clearly observed in the thin films prepared from the water-immersed hybrids which originally present cylindrical nanodomains. These nanoporous films were modified by loading another metal salt, samarium(III) nitrate, into the nanopores on the basis of the coordination ability of P4VP tethered to the pore walls. The samples after loading treatment were evaluated by TEM observation and elemental analysis with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/la3042023

Preparation and Morphology of Hybrids Composed of a Block Copolymer and Semiconductor Nanoparticles via Hydrogen Bonding 査読有り

Noro, A; Higuchi, K; Sageshima, Y; Matsushita, Y

MACROMOLECULES 45 巻 ( 19 ) 頁： 8013 - 8020 2012年10月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Macromolecules

We report a systematic study on preparation and morphological observation of hybrids composed of a block copolymer and hydroxy-capped semiconductor nanoparticles via hydrogen bonding. Three polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-P4VP) block copolymers with exactly the same PS chain length but with different P4VP chain length were synthesized via reversible addition- fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. To prepare hybrids, each PS-P4VP was mixed with hydroxy-capped nanoparticles made of cadmium selenide (h-CdSe), by varying a weight ratio of PS-P4VP:h-CdSe. Morphology of three series of hybrids was observed by both transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. Hybrids composed of h-CdSe and PS-P4VP bearing a long P4VP block represents uniform morphology of a single nanophase-separated structure, where domain spacing expansion and morphology transition induced by addition of h-CdSe were observed. On the other hand, nonuniform morphology, i.e., macrophase separation accompanied by overflow of h-CdSe from nanophase-separated domains, was observed in hybrids containing PS-P4VP bearing a short P4VP block. These results are attributed to hydrogen-bonding formation and the stoichiometric balance of functional groups. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/ma301665e

Creation and control of new morphologies via supramacromolecular self-assembly 招待有り査読有り Open Access

Matsushita, Y; Noro, A; Takano, A

POLYMER JOURNAL 44 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 72 - 82 2012年1月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Polymer Journal

Various supramacromolecular self-assembly mechanisms of complex polymer systems via non-covalent bonding interactions were summarized in this article. Basically, three types of systems were introduced. The first class is the morphological transition of block copolymer/homopolymer blends with hydrogen bonds (HBs) or block copolymer/metal salt hybrids via complex formation. Systematic morphological transition was observed upon the addition of a homopolymer or metal salt, depending on its composition of volume fraction. The second class consists of the formation of block copolymer-type supramacromolecules via hydrogen bonding between two chemical moieties connected at one end of each polymer chain, resulting in new nanophase-separated structures. As an advanced branch of this second class, new morphologies were observed in block copolymer/block copolymer blends with HBs. The third class is supramacromolecular gelation, which was observed for ABA triblock copolymer/C homopolymer or telechelic polymer/homopolymer blends, both including complementary electron donors/acceptors. © The Society of Polymer Science, Japan (SPSJ) All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1038/pj.2011.81

Design and properties of supramolecular polymer gels 招待有り査読有り

Noro, A; Hayashi, M; Matsushita, Y

SOFT MATTER 8 巻 ( 24 ) 頁： 6416 - 6429 2012年

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：Soft Matter

Supramolecular polymer gels are precisely designed physical gels brought together by reversible secondary interactions to form three dimensional networks of melt macromolecules. Generally, they differ from supramolecular gels because they are comprised of polymers instead of low molecular weight compounds. Recently, much effort has focused on designing supramolecular polymer gels and related materials with excellent properties; indeed, improvements have been made in their supramolecular interactions, complementarity in the non-covalent bonding units, the nature of the macromolecular building blocks, and strand elasticity of supramolecular polymer networks. Owing to the precise molecular design, they represent nanophase separation and characteristic viscoelasticity. Here, we review supramolecular polymer gels in terms of molecular design, morphology, and rheology. We also discuss future directions in practical application of supramolecular polymer gels. © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

DOI： 10.1039/c2sm25144b

Nanophase-Separated Supramolecular Assemblies of Two Functionalized Polymers via Acid-Base Complexation 査読有り

Noro, A; Ishihara, K; Matsushita, Y

MACROMOLECULES 44 巻 ( 16 ) 頁： 6241 - 6244 2011年8月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Macromolecules

Preparation of block supramacromolecules usually requires precise synthesis of end-modified polymers as building blocks. Moreover, the efficiency of the formation of block supramacromolecules from the blends of end-modified polymers is strongly influenced by stoichiometry between noncovalent bonding groups on each end-modified polymer. To understand the morphological behavior of the blends at the nanoscopic scale, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements were conducted at room temperature at the beamline 15 A in the Photon Factory, Tsukuba, Japan. According to the theory by Semenov, the morphology formation of disklike multiplets and lamellae is more favored than spherical multiplets at so-called superstrong segregation limit between a charged component and an uncharged component, regardless of the very small fraction of a charged component.

DOI： 10.1021/ma201440v

Simple preparation of supramolecular polymer gels <i>via</i> hydrogen bonding by blending two liquid polymers 査読有り

Noro, A; Hayashi, M; Ohshika, A; Matsushita, Y

SOFT MATTER 7 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 1667 - 1670 2011年

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Soft Matter

Preparation of supramolecular polymer gels based on simple molecular design was demonstrated by blending carboxyl-terminated telechelic polymers and poly(ethyleneimine), where balance of an attractive force due to hydrogen bonding and a repulsive force induced by phase separation between polymers has been found as a key factor of supramolecular gelation. © 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

DOI： 10.1039/c0sm01334j

水素結合性超分子ゲルの調製とその粘弾性挙動招待有り

野呂篤史

ケミカルエンジニヤリング 55 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： 675-679 2010年9月

Preparation and Morphology Control of Block Copolymer/Metal Salt Hybrids via Solvent-Casting by Using a Solvent with Coordination Ability 査読有り

Noro, A; Sageshima, Y; Arai, S; Matsushita, Y

MACROMOLECULES 43 巻 ( 12 ) 頁： 5358 - 5364 2010年6月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：Macromolecules

We report a systematic study on preparation and morphology control of macroscopically homogeneous hybrid films composed of a block copolymer and a metal salt, where one block interacts with a metal salt by metal-to-ligand coordination. Hybrids were prepared by blending a polystyrene-b-poly(4- vinylpyridine) (PS - P4VP, Mn=37K, φs=0.79) block copolymer and iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) with changing the mole fraction of FeCl3. To prevent the rapid cross-linking formation between P4VP and FeCl3, pyridine as a polar solvent with the coordination ability was used at the solvent-casting stage, which turned out to be effective to prepare macroscopically homogeneous films with a large amount of FeCl3. Transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements were carried out to observe the morphology of thermally annealed samples at the nanoscopic scale. It was revealed that simple two-phase nanostructures were observed due to homogeneously mixing of FeCl3 into a P4VP phase up to 0.9 mol equiv of FeCl3 to pyridine units in P4VP. This indicates FeCl3 works as a filler in a P4VP phase just as small homopolymers: domain expansion and morphology transition were observed as the amount of added FeCl3 increases. However, overflow of FeCl 3 was observed in the hybrid with an amount of 1.0 mol equiv of FeCl3. This is probably due to the saturation of incorporated FeCl3, indicating that morphology of the present system can be controlled by stoichiometric balance between 4-vinylpyridine units and FeCl 3. © 2010 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/ma1007286

Thermoreversible Morphology Transition from Block-Type Supramacromolecules via Hydrogen Bonding in an Ionic Liquid 査読有り

Noro, A; Yamagishi, H; Matsushita, Y

MACROMOLECULES 42 巻 ( 17 ) 頁： 6335 - 6338 2009年9月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：Macromolecules

Thermoreversible morphology transition from block-type supramacromolecules via hydrogen bonding was analyzed in an ionic liquid. Two macromolecular building blocks were designed to form a block-type supramacromolecule: one is a poly(3,4,5-trimethoxystyrene) with a small linker of poly(4-hydroxystyrene) on the end as a hydrogen-bonding proton donor, and the other is a poly(n-butyl acrylate) with a small linker of poly-(2-vinylpyridine) on the end as a hydrogen-bonding proton acceptor, both of which are soluble or at least dispersible in the ionic liquid. Measurements were taken every 20°C from lower to higher temperatures and vice versa. SAXS was used to reveal the thermo-reversible morphological transition from block-type supramacromolecules in an ionic liquid induced by hydrogen-bonding association-dissociation. The results show that this type of thermoreversible morphology transition in nanometer length scale could be achieved in similar systems if proper molecular design is performed.

DOI： 10.1021/ma901143k

複合高分子の階層的秩序構造 : 異種分子鎖の結合性に注目して招待有り査読有り

松下裕秀、林田研一、高野敦志、野呂篤史

日本ゴム協會誌 82 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： 405-410 2009年9月

Thermoreversible Morphology Transition from Block-Tyoe Supramacromolecules via Hydrogen Bonding in an Ionic Liquid 査読有り

Noro, Atsushi; Yamagishi, Hajime; Matsushita, Yushu

Macromolecules 42 巻 ( 17 ) 頁： 6335-6338 2009年9月

Gelation Mechanism of Thermoreversible Supramacromolecular Ion Gels via Hydrogen Bonding 査読有り国際共著

Noro, A; Matsushita, Y; Lodge, TP

MACROMOLECULES 42 巻 ( 15 ) 頁： 5802 - 5810 2009年8月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：Macromolecules

A series of supramacromolecular ion gels were prepared from blends of a poly(2-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(ethyl acrylate)-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (VEAV) triblock copolymer and a poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (H) homopolymer in an ionic liquid. The VEAV concentration was held at 10 wt %, and the H concentration was varied from 0 to 8 wt %. The solvent was the room temperature ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (EMITFSI). Above 160°C all samples formed homogeneous solutions, but upon cooling gels were formed due to increased hydrogen bonds between the V blocks and H cross-linkers. The gelation mechanism was investigated in detail by rheology and small-angle X-ray scattering. The gel point (gel-liquid transition temperature) increased with the concentration of the cross-linkers. The dynamic moduli, G′ and G″, showed excellent time-temperature superposition, and gave master curves extending over 15 orders of magnitude in reduced frequency. The shift factors aT showed the same strong temperature dependence for all the samples, which is attributed to the increasing number of hydrogen bonds between a given V block and H cross-linker upon cooling below the gel point. The gel quality was assessed in terms of the modulus value, Gx, the sharpness of the change in dynamic moduli with temperature near the gel point, and the minimum value of tan δ in the gel regime. By all three measures the best gel was formed at the mole ratio closest to 1:1 of pyridine:phenol units, i.e., stoichiometric balance. Furthermore, the maximum value of Gx corresponded to 50% of the EA blocks being elastically effective, consistent with expectation given the tendency for midblocks to loop back into the same micelle. A gel-like response was also obtained upon mixing 10% of a poly(2-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(ethyl acrylate) (VEA) diblock copolymer and H homopolymers in EMITFSI. However, in this case the rheological properties resulted from congestion of micelles rather than bridging chains. Small angle X-ray scattering revealed the presence of a nanophase-separated state, but without any significant change on traversing the gel point, or between diblock and triblock samples. © 2009 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/ma900820g

Hierarchical nanophase-separated structures created by precisely-designed polymers with complexity 招待有り査読有り Open Access

Matsushita, Y; Takano, A; Hayashida, K; Asari, T; Noro, A

POLYMER 50 巻 ( 10 ) 頁： 2191 - 2203 2009年5月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：Polymer

This review paper summarizes recent advances in self-assembly of complex polymers, focusing on three characteristic polymeric systems. The first is star-branched polymers of the ABC type, the second one consists of multiblock terpolymers with different chain lengths, while the third comprises supramacromolecular assembly systems with hydrogen and ionic bonding interactions between different polymer species. A quasicrystalline tiling structure with mesoscopic length scale has been found for the first star polymer system as well as the periodic Archimedean tiling structures, and moreover three-dimensional Zincblende network structure has been discovered. Furthermore the hierarchical structures having two length scales have been also found for the ABC star molecules whose chain length ratios, that is, A/B and/or A/C are larger than approximately five. Hierarchical structures with double periodicity have been observed for the hexablock and undecablock terpolymers and it has been revealed that their morphology changes systematically depending on composition of polymeric species. Poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (H) homopolymer was found to be dissolved into microdomain of poly(2-vinylpyridine) formed by poly(styrene-b-2-vinylpyridine) due to hydrogen bonding interaction, resulting in the origin of morphological transitions depending on the composition of H homopolymer added. Hierarchical structures possessing double periodicity have been found for poly(isoprene-b-2-vinylpyridine)/poly(styrene-b-4-hydroxystyrene) blends depending on both volume fractions of component polymers and blend ratio. Blends of different homopolymers with several complementary nucleotides or acid/base moieties on chain ends have been confirmed to show nanophase-separated structures as a result of successful formation of "supramacromolecules". © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.02.047

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