研究者詳細 - 水野　幸治

論文 - 水野　幸治

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後席乗員の胸部傷害を軽減するための車両減速度の最適化査読有り Open Access

坂野雄亮，水野幸治，吉田良一

自動車技術会論文集 43 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 237-241 2012年3月

側面衝突試験によるCRS 子ども乗員の頭部挙動とスレッド試験による再現査読有り Open Access

吉田良一，岡田宏，野邑満教，横橋松人，藤居睦代，水野幸治，田中良知，細川成之

自動車技術会論文集 42 巻 ( 6 ) 頁： 1335-1340 2011年11月

Head Injury Mechanisms of a Child Occupant in a Child Restraint System Based on Side Oblique Impact Tests

Ryoichi Yoshida, Mitsunori Nomura, Hiroshi Okada, Koji Mizuno, Hideki Yonezawa, Yoshinori Tanaka, Naruyuki Hosokawa

Stapp Car Crash Journal 55 巻頁： 117-139 2011年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

n side collision accidents, the head is the most frequently injured body region for child occupants seated in a child restraint system (CRS). Accident analyses show that a child's head can move out of the CRS shell, make hard contact with the vehicle interior, and thus sustain serious injuries. In order to improve child head protection in side collisions, it is necessary to understand the injury mechanism of a child in the CRS whose head makes contact with the vehicle interior. In this research, an SUV-to-car oblique side crash test was conducted to reconstruct such head contacts. A Q3s child dummy was seated in a CRS in the rear seat of the target car. The Q3s child dummy's head moved out beyond the CRS side wing, moved laterally, and made contact with the side window glass and the doorsill. It was demonstrated that the hard head contact, which produced a high HIC value, could occur in side collisions. A series of sled tests was carried out to reproduce the dummy kinematic behavior observed in the SUV-to-car crash test, and the sled test conditions such as sled angle, ECE seat slant angle and velocity-time history that duplicated the kinematic behavior were determined. A parametric study also was conducted with the sled tests; and it was found that the impact angle, harness slack, chest clip, and the CRS side wing shape affected the torso motion and head contact with the vehicle interior.

Performance of Collision Damage Mitigation Braking Systems and their Effects on Human Injury in the Event of Car-to-Pedestrian Accidents

Yasuhiro Matsui, Yon Hang, Koji Mizuno

Stapp Car Crash Journal 55 巻頁： 461-477 2011年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The number of traffic deaths in Japan was 4,863 in 2010. Pedestrians account for the highest number (1,714, 35%), and vehicle occupants the second highest (1,602, 33%). Pedestrian protection is a key countermeasure to reduce casualties in traffic accidents. A striking vehicle's impact velocity could be considered a parameter influencing the severity of injury and possibility of death in pedestrian crashes. A collision damage mitigation braking system (CDMBS) using a sensor to detect pedestrians could be effective for reducing the vehicle/pedestrian impact velocity. Currently in Japan, cars equipped with the CDMBS also have vision sensors such as a stereo camera for pedestrian detection. However, the ability of vision sensors in production cars to properly detect pedestrians has not yet been established. The effect of reducing impact velocity on the pedestrian injury risk has also not been determined.
The first objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the CDMBS in detecting pedestrians when it is installed in production cars. The second objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of reducing impact velocity on mitigating pedestrian injury.
Firstly, impact experiments were performed using a car with the CDMBS in which the car collided with a pedestrian surrogate. In these tests, the velocity was chosen for the various test runs to be 20, 40 and 60 km/h, respectively, which were based on the velocity distribution in real-world pedestrian crashes. The results indicated that the impact velocity reduction ranged approximately from 10 to 15 km/h at the standing location of a pedestrian surrogate at both daytime and nighttime lighting conditions. These results show that the system has the potential to reduce pedestrian casualties from car-to-pedestrian contacts.
Secondly, finite-element analyses were performed simulating vehicle-to-pedestrian impacts with the THUMS pedestrian models. The vehicle models selected for the study included a medium sedan, a minicar, and an SUV. Since head and chest injuries are the most typical causes of pedestrian deaths in car-to-pedestrian accidents, the risk of head and chest injuries was calculated when the impact velocity was reduced from 50 km/h to 40 km/h, 30km/h, and 20 km/h. The results revealed that an impact velocity reduction of 10 km/h mitigated severe pedestrian injury at impact velocities greater than or equal to 40 km/h. Specifically, a significant effect was observed in collisions with the medium sedan and SUV. In Japan, the CDMBS has just started to be installed in medium sedans. The pedestrian injury mitigation will be greatly improved if the system can be applied to various types of vehicles including SUVs in the future.

Severity of vehicle bumper location in vehicle-to-pedestrian impact accidents 査読有り

Matsui, Y., Hitosugi, M., Mizuno, K.

Forensic Science International 212 巻 ( 1-3 ) 頁： 205-209 2011年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Pedestrian protection is one of the key topics for safety measures in traffic accidents all over the world. To analyze the relation between the collision site of the vehicle bumper and the severity of the lower extremity injuries, we performed biomechanical experiments. We compared the applied external force and the risks of subsequent injuries between the impact of the center and side positions of the front bumper. These comparisons were performed by practical impact tests with eight typical different types of cars which were typical of the current vehicle fleets. The tests were made using the TRL legform impactor which was a mechanical substitute of a pedestrian lower extremity. The TRL impactor is used all over the world for assessing the safety of car bumpers. It was found that the risks of lower extremity injuries in the impacts at the side positions, in front of the vehicle's side member, were significantly higher than those at the center. In the tests, we found that foam materials around the rigid front cross member had a significant effect on reducing the lower extremity injury risks and especially tibia fracture risk against vehicle bumper center collisions, but had little effect at the sides of the bumper over the vehicle's side members where the foam was thinner. We also found that the front shape of the vehicle affected the risk of ligaments injuries. According to these results, the information of impact locations of cars in vehicle-to-pedestrian traffic accidents is valuable for clinicians to diagnose patients with lower extremity injuries in traffic accidents and for forensic pathologists to analyze the accident reconstruction. Furthermore, the results suggest that testing of the bumper area in front of the main longitudinal beams should be included in the car safety legislation to require pedestrian safety.

DOI： 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.06.012

歩行者下肢保護試験におけるFLEXとTRLインパクタの応答比較査読有り Open Access

上山孝治，菊地裕輔，水野幸治，中根大祐，和波真吾

自動車技術会論文集 42 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 1035-1040 2011年9月

Effect of Test Conditions on Child Occupant Responses in CRS 査読有り

Koji Mizuno, Takahiro Ikari, Hiroshi Kawahara, Masami Kubota, Susumu Ohsato

International Journal of Automotive Engineering 2 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 26-32 2011年4月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

A child restraint system (CRS) is installed in various vehicles with different seat, seatbelt routing paths, and seatbelt characteristics. In this research, a series of sled tests were conducted using the ECE R44 seat bench utilizing various CRS models under the same crash pulse specified by JNCAP. During the impact in JNCAP, the cushion of the multi-purpose vehicle seat was soft and the CRS rotated, which led to large forward excursions of the CRS and dummy. A trend was observed that there is a linear relationship of the assessment values between the JNCAP tests and the ECE base tests.

Analysis of Maxillofacial Injuries of Vehicle Passengers Involved in Frontal Collisions 査読有り

Masahito Hitosugi, Koji Mizuno, Toshiaki Nagai, Shogo Tokudome

Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery 69 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 1146-1156 2011年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Purpose: To clarify the incidence and mechanisms of maxillofacial injuries sustained by motor vehicle passengers, in-depth data from the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis, Japan, were retrospectively analyzed.
Materials and Methods: From the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis in-depth data for 1993 through 2005, data were collected for 226 individuals with maxillofacial injuries who were adult passengers involved in frontal motor vehicle collisions. The accident information, a subject's medical data, and anatomic Injury Severity Scores were examined.
Results: The median Injury Severity Score was 2, and the mean equivalent barrier speed of the vehicles was 35.2+-13.0 km/hour. The most common maxillofacial injuries were lacerations (46.7%), followed by abrasions (41.9%), fractures (14.0%), and dental injuries (5.7%). Maxillofacial fractures occurred more often in unrestrained drivers without airbag deployment (18.4%) and less often in restrained drivers with airbag deployment (4.3%). The incidences of fractures caused by impacts with areas other than the steering wheel were markedly decreased using any safety device (35.5% to 0%).
Conclusion: Combined use of seat belts and airbags by occupants decreases fractures compared with completely unrestrained occupants. Furthermore, wearing a seat belt prevents the free flight of drivers within a vehicle and contact with the interior of a vehicle (other than the steering wheel). Although the anatomic Injury Severity Score of maxillofacial injuries was relatively low, because these injuries are also associated with socioeconomic costs, the correct use of safety devices and further development of more
effective injury prevention systems are needed.

DOI： 10.1016/j.joms.2010.05.030

Seatbelt Effectiveness for Rear seat Occupants in Frontal Crashes 査読有り

16 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 63-74 2011年3月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

In Japan, it became mandatory for rear seat occupants to wear seatbelts as of 2008. This paper summarises the results of full car crash tests for rear seat occupants, and compares the kinematics and injury risk to belted and unbelted rear sear occupants in order to show the effectiveness of seatbelts. Full-width rigid barrier and offset frontal impact tests were conducted using Hybrid III fifth percentile female and 3-year-old dummies in belted or unbelted conditions in the rear seat. In both full and offset frontal tests, the injury measures of the belted fifth female and 3-year-old dummies in the rear seat were relatively low
because contact with the car interior was prevented by the seatbelt, although the head injury criterion and the chest deflection of the fifth female dummy were relatively large. In the tests with the fifth female dummy not belted, its knees and head made contact with the front seatback and the head of the front seat dummy, respectively. Due to this impact by the fifth female dummy, the injury measures of the driver dummy became high. The unbelted 3-year-old dummy moved in the passenger compartment, making contact with several locations in the car. These test results were comparable with accident analyses that show high injury risks to the chest of belted rear seat occupants, and high injury risks to the head and lower extremities in unbelted rear seat occupants.

DOI： /10.1080/13588265.2010.514770

有限インパルス応答を適用した衝撃時の乗員応答予測査読有り Open Access

長坂　圭，水野幸治

自動車技術会論文集 42 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 67-72 2011年3月

斜め側突時のCRS子ども乗員の挙動解析査読有り

崔　英愛，山口真誠，城戸健太，水野幸治，田中良知，吉田良一

自動車技術会論文集 42 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 67 - 72 2011年

FE simulation of frontal crash sled test with ISOFIX child restraint system 査読有り

35 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 401 - 404 2011年

The Effectiveness of Matching of Front Rail Height in Car-to-Car Crashes 査読有り

Koji Mizuno, Yuji Arai

International Journal of Crashworthiness 15 巻 ( 6 ) 頁： 571-579 2010年12月

Analysis of Loading of Lower Extremities Based on Bending Moment in Car-Pedestrian Collisions 査読有り

Daisuke Nakane, Sadayuki Kuwahara, Yasuhito Ozeki, Junichi Taniguchi, Koji Mizuno

International Journal of Crashworthiness 15 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 481-490 2010年11月

Occupant Responses in Child Restraint Systems Subjected to Full-Car Side Impact Tests 査読有り

Hideki Yonezawa, Yoshinori Tanaka, Naruyuki Hosokawa, Yasuhiro Matsui, Koji Mizuno, Ryoichi Yoshida

SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems 3 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 744-767 2010年8月

ECE R44試験条件における各種CRSでのHybrid III 3YOとQ3との応答比較に関する考察査読有り Open Access

田中良知，米澤英樹，細川成之，松井靖浩，水野幸治，山口真誠，吉田良一

自動車技術会論文集 41 巻 ( 3 ) 2010年5月

Countermeasures to Mitigate Head and Neck Injuries to Toddlers in Frontal and Lateral Vehicle Crash Conditions 査読有り

Tanya Kapoor, William Altenhof, Andrew Howard, Anne Snowdon, Jim Rasico, Fuchun Zhu, Koji Mizuno

International Journal of Crashworthiness 15 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 17-37 2010年

Basic Parameters Affecting Child Occupant Responses in Side Impact 査読有り

Tanya Kapoor, William Altenhof, Andrew Howard, Anne Snowdon, Jim Rasico, Fuchun Zhu and Koji Mizuno

International Journal of Vehicle Safety 4 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 300-314 2010年

有限要素解析に基づく歩行者事故における衝突車両の前面形状が歩行者の胸部傷害に及ぼす影響査読有り

松井靖浩，高橋国夫，西本雄俊，水野幸治，一杉正仁，中根大祐，和波真吾

自動車技術会論文集 41 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 1017-1022 2010年

Occupant Responses in Child Restraint Systems Subjected to Full-Car Side Impact Tests 査読有り

13. Hideki Yonezawa, Yoshinori Tanaka, Naruyuki Hosokawa, Yasuhiro Matsui, Koji Mizuno, Ryoichi Yoshida

3 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 744-767 2010年

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