記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1017/S000708742400058X

PubMed

出版者・発行元：Isis  

This paper surveys the historiography of the global response to HIV/AIDS. Since 1981, when the disease was first identified, there have been great strides in the medical and biological sciences in understanding the impact of the new virus on the human immune system. Although there is still no successful vaccine, antiretroviral (ART) treatment continues to improve the likelihood of HIV-positive people living long and healthy lives. We have also seen a few exciting cases of full recovery, which will allow scientists to explore new avenues towards a cure. Yet the AIDS pandemic is by no means over: 40 million have died and over 35 million individuals still live with HIV. More importantly, as historians and scholars in the humanities and social sciences have been pointing out since the early 1980s, HIV brought to light how non-medical factors play a critical role in a successful disease response. As the global community faces the aftermath of a new pandemic, it is timely to examine how broader social, economic, political, and cultural factors influence individual experiences of disease at local, national, international, and global scales. This essay examines how scholars have written historically about the HIV pandemic, using a variety of methods and approaches: from traditional histories of medicine to anthropologies of development. While HIV has sparked a massive corpus of historical reflection from a variety of disciplines, its contemporaneity means that “global AIDS historiography” cannot yet be described as a cohesive academic conversation. Yet what unites the scholarship, this essay argues, is its use of HIV to examine how and why post-war social and economic systems have achieved health objectives for some populations and not others.

DOI： 10.1086/726985

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences  

In spring 1987, British pharmaceutical company Wellcome PLC released azidothymidine (AZT) sold under trade name Retrovir, the first successful treatment for AIDS. In the context of a global public health emergency and with no competing products, Wellcome invested heavily in upfront costs to bring Retrovir to market, reflected in the original launch price of $188 (US dollars), applied to all other markets. Retrovir subsequently faced backlash in the United States for its high cost and Wellcome's profits became a target of debates about prescription drugs in the American healthcare system. As a result, the company agreed to two price reductions within the first two years of market release. Events in the US had global impact, discouraging the company from providing AZT via commercial channels in African countries. Drawing from new archival material, this article explores how Retrovir's pricing reflected the uncertainties of the global AIDS crisis as well as the unique risks Wellcome faced as a foreign company in its most important market of the US. It argues that, contrary to critical opinion, Wellcome's pricing of Retrovir did reflect an underlying principle regarding the appropriate role of for-profit research-intensive pharmaceutical companies during an unprecedented pandemic.

DOI： 10.1093/jhmas/jrac027

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkac027

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkac027

その他リンク： https://academic.oup.com/shm/advance-article/doi/10.1093/shm/hkac027/6585579?guestAccessKey=b0609943-b8af-47c3-946f-bb772e3d4bcd

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1093/shm/hkac027

Web of Science

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（研究会，シンポジウム資料等）  

その他リンク： https://thepolyphony.org/2021/07/05/remembering-edinburgh-aids-exp/

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkz090

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkz090

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： doi:10.1017/mdh.2020.17

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

開催年月日： 2022年9月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

開催地：Online   国名：インド  

開催年月日： 2021年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Zoom  

開催年月日： 2021年1月 - 2021年5月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Zoom   国名：グレートブリテン・北アイルランド連合王国(英国)  

その他リンク： https://sciencediplomacyhistory.org/2021/07/08/de-centring-science-diplomacy-cases-from-asia-mini-workshops/

開催年月日： 2019年6月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：David Musto Center for Drug Policy Studies   国名：中華人民共和国  

開催年月日： 2019年4月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Nottingham Trent University   国名：グレートブリテン・北アイルランド連合王国(英国)  

その他リンク： https://www.psa.ac.uk/psa/news/psa-2019-annual-conference-highlights

開催年月日： 2017年3月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Jawaharlal Nehru University   国名：インド  

開催年月日： 2016年12月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：University of Hong Kong   国名：ホンコン(香港)特別行政区