研究者詳細 - 河西　秀哉

論文 - 河西　秀哉

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日本近現代における売買春のイメージと実態-特に敗戦後の状況下で-

河西秀哉

女性学評論 28 巻頁： 27 - 46 2014年3月

出版者・発行元：神戸女学院大学

日本近現代における売買春について論じた。近世より継続していた売春は、マリア・ルース号事件を契機に、1872年に「芸娼妓解放令」へと結実する。これは、文明開化の一つとして実施されたもので、前近代的な身売りは建前上禁止された。しかし実際は、「自由意志」に基づく稼業として、売春は継続する。こうした仕組みは、欧米の制度を視察して構築されたもので、前近代の売春制度は欧米流の売春統制制度を基にした「公娼制度」へと再編された。つまり、売春に国家の公認が得られたとも言える。政府は私娼の取り締まりは行うものの、売春制度自体を無くそうとはしなかった。敗戦後、日本政府は1945年8月18日に特殊慰安施設協会（RAA）の設置を指示する。これは、占領軍兵士らへの売春を目的とした施設であり、政府はこれに対して資金の貸し付けを行うなど、積極的な関与をみせている。こうした施設の設置を敗戦3日後に指示したことに、政府の売春への意識を見ることができよう。RAAはGHQ兵士の中で性病が蔓延したことで、翌年3月には閉鎖され、そこで働いていた女性たちは放り出され、街娼となっていく。GHQは覚書「日本における公娼制度廃止に関する件」を1946年1月22日に出し、近代の公娼制度は廃止された。しかし日本側の意向もあって、「必要悪」とされて結局は継続し、「赤線」が誕生する。政府は赤線を認める一方、私娼である街娼は取締り、収監・保護して性病治療と矯正に努めた。そうして保護された街娼の生の声が、史料として残されている。それを見ると必ずしも私たちのイメージとは異なる街娼の実態が明らかになる。高学歴者が街娼となったケース、夫や家族に戦争犠牲者を持つケース、一度街娼となってからは生活するために抜け出せないケースなど、その実態は様々である。占領終了後、赤線を廃止しようとする動きは高まるが、法整備はその後なかなか進行しなかった。I have discussed prostitution in the modern period in Japan. In 1872, following the Maria Luz Incident, Japanese bonded prostitution, which had continued from the early modern period onward, was finally addressed by Geishogi kaiho rei(芸娼妓解放令), a law that emancipated prostitutes. This law was enacted as part of Japan's Westernization movement, and it ostensibly prohibited feudalistic bonded labor. In reality, however, prostitution continued as a business based on the "free will" of the women involved. This form of prostitution was constructed as a result of observing the way this industry functioned in Europe. In this way, the feudal system of prostitution was reformed into a "licensed prostitution system," based on western-style systems for regulating prostitution. It can therefore be said that prostitution was officially approved by the state. While the Japanese government did conduct crackdowns on unlicensed prostitution, it made no attempts to eliminate the system itself. After the Second World War, the Japanese government set up the Tokushu Ian Shisetsu Kyokai (literally, the "special comfort facility association"), referred to in English as the Recreation and Amusement Association (RAA). This association provided prostitutes for occupying Allied troops. The government showed active involvement with this association by, for example, providing loans to its facilities. The fact that these facilities were introduced just three days after Japan's surrender gives us an idea of the government's attitude towards prostitution. The RAA was discontinued in March the following year because of the General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (GHQ). The women who worked in the facilities were dismissed and ended up working as street prostitutes. On January 22, 1946, the GHQ issued the memorandum "Abolition of Licensed Prostitution in Japan," and the modern-era system of licensed prostitution was abolished as a result .However, the Japanese authorities had their own attitude toward prostitution. It was ultimately allowed to continue and the Akasen districts (literally, "red line" districts-comparable with the term red-light district ) emerged. While the government did sanction these Akasen districts, it also cracked down on unlicensed street prostitution and made efforts to place street prostitutes in protective custody, where they would be treated for sexually transmitted diseases and receive correctional rehabilitation. The direst comments of the street prostitutes who were taken into custody were transcribed and archived. A read-through of these accounts reveals that our image of street prostitution differs from the reality. Many different types of women worked as street prostitution. These included highly educated women, women who had lost their husbands or other family members in the war, and women who, after entering street prostitution, found themselves unable to make a living in any other way. After the occupation of Japan ended, the movement to abolish the Akasen districts grew in strength, but there was little progress in terms of legislation.

国民国家と天皇制 : 「元首」と「象徴」 (特集アメリカと天皇制)

河西秀哉

福音と世界 68 巻 ( 10 ) 頁： 8-13 2013年10月

天皇制と民主主義 : 敗戦直後の知識人における天皇制擁護の実相

河西秀哉

Notre critique : history and criticism ( 6 ) 頁： 2-17 2013年5月

敗戦後における皇后イメージ

河西秀哉

女性学評論 27 巻頁： 21 - 39 2013年3月

出版者・発行元：神戸女学院大学

This paper will shed light on changes in the image of the Empress in Japan after the country's defeat in the Asia-Pacific War. Research conducted on the monarchy in Japan has focused primarily on the image of the Empress and its role before Japan's defeat. Research has also examined the image of the Emperor and Crown Prince,but there has not been much research conducted on the Empress and her image.However,afterJapan's defeat,the monarchy gained support by strengthening its relationship with the public,and the image of the Empress in the minds of the public is considered to have had an influence. There are two essential aspects of the image of the Empress projected to the people.The first is the image of the Empress as a"mother."The media rampantly portrayed the Empress in her role as mother to the Crown Prince and the princesses,and in doing so,established the image of the Empress as"mother" to the people as well. The second aspect is the image of the Empress as a "wife." The image of the Empress supporting her husband,the Emperor,was conveyed to the public by the media.The media also ran a great number of stories that portrayed the Emperor and Empress as down-to-earth and human.Broadly speaking,after Japan's defeat,the image of the Empress as a domestic role model was established.As a result,the imperial family,which was earlier portrayed as being focused around the Emperor alone,was portrayed as the ideal family to the people and thus gained popular support.Despite these changes,the image of the role of"Empress" was old-fashioned,and a substantive change in the image of the Emperor had to wait until the arrival of Crown Princess Michiko.

近現代天皇研究の現在 (特集 2012年歴史学の焦点)

河西秀哉

歴史評論 ( 752 ) 頁： 25 - 35 2012年12月

総力戦下における合唱 -その論理の検討-

河西秀哉

論集 59 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 49 - 61 2012年6月

出版者・発行元：神戸女学院大学

The article aims to identify the role of choruses and what they achieved in the Asia- Pacific War. Japan had employed all national powers toward the Asia-Pacific War. To achive victory, the citizenry needed to mobilize and collect all available resources, including the ue of song. These songs were not considered art; instead, they were used as a proactive tool to increase unity in the workforce. In addition, the Great japan Patriotic Industrial Association, which brought laborers into the all-out war effort, was proactively engaged in welfare movements. It was through this effort that musicians were able to contribute during the war. Musicians consistently aimed to socialize music and attempted to popularize music through the welfare movements. From the perspective of the war effort, their use of choruses was regarded as a tool for increasing workplace unity. Their logic was to use music to eliminatte the classism in the workplace, which reflected an ieal behaind the war effort in general.

新しい皇室像への宮中の対応 : 『倉富勇三郎日記』の検討を通じて (小特集倉富勇三郎日記研究)

河西秀哉

二十世紀研究 ( 13 ) 頁： 43 - 60 2012年

天皇制と現代化 (2010年度日本史研究大会特集号転換期における権力の編成形態) -- ([日本史研究会]近現代史部会共同研究報告)

河西秀哉

日本史研究 ( 582 ) 頁： 121-144 2011年2月

合唱の"力"--敗戦後の合唱運動とうたごえ運動への射程

河西秀哉

ノートル・クリティーク ( 3 ) 頁： 2-22 2010年5月

敗戦後の長谷川如是閑 : その学問・教育論と秩序論をめぐって

河西秀哉

中央大学史紀要 15 巻頁： 1 - 39 2010年3月