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Elucidating dominant flow channel size for capillary performance of open-cell porous wicks 査読有り国際誌

Shen H., Suzuki A., Takata N., Kobashi M.

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 223 巻 2024年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

The capillary pressure (ΔPcap) and permeability (K) of porous wicks, both of which depend on the size of the flow channel, are crucial for the performance of heat transfer devices including loop heat pipes. However, the flow channel in actual porous wicks shrinks at the connective part between adjacent pores called the throat and does not have a constant size. The dominant flow channel size (average size or throat size) for ΔPcap and K remains unclear. To elucidate the dominant flow channel size, porous aluminum with constant pore size and various throat sizes was controllably fabricated by the space holder method using sodium chloride (NaCl) particles. Two types of pore size (simple pore size reflecting the space holder size and connectivity-reflected pore size) were characterized by X-ray computed tomography. The ΔPcap and K were evaluated by capillary rise tests using water. The average simple pore size was almost constant, but the average connectivity-reflected pore size changed depending on the porosity controlled by the amount of the NaCl space holder because the throat was enlarged, and the connectivity was improved by increasing porosity. It was clarified that ΔPcap changed depending on the average connectivity-reflected pore size regardless of the constant simple pore size. In contrast, K was determined by neither the simple nor connectivity-reflected pore sizes and could be dominated by local size around the throat. These results provide an insight into the design of optimal porous structure appropriate for porous wicks applied to heat transfer applications.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.125217

Effect of low-temperature annealing on electric resistivity and mechanical anisotropy of Al-Si binary alloy fabricated by laser-powder bed fusion 査読有り国際誌

Konishi Y., Hamasaki Y., Sasaki T., Adachi H., Ishikawa K., Kim D., Takata N., Miyajima Y.

Journal of Alloys and Compounds 982 巻 2024年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Alloys and Compounds

Al-12mass%Si binary alloy was fabricated by laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF). The effect of low temperature annealing (LTA) less than 573 K on electrical and mechanical properties, microstructure, and residual stress of L-PBF Al-12mass%Si was investigated. Due to LTA, electrical resistivity at 77 K and 293 K changed from 34 nΩm down to 10 nΩm and from 68 nΩm down to 45 nΩm, respectively. The lattice constant of α-Al phase increased around 0.0005 nm by LTA according to X-ray diffraction. The change was associated with the decrease in the concentration of solid-solution Si of around 3.4 mass% by electrical resistivity measurement and 3 mass% by X-ray diffraction, when the annealing temperature was 473 K. Whereas, Vickers hardness increases around 145 HV compared with that for the as-built value of 141 HV, and then, decreases down to 126 HV and saturates. TEM/EDS observations confirmed the precipitation of fine Si within the α-Al phase. The decrease in annealing temperature increases the time to reach the Vickers hardness peak. 0.2% proof stress obtained by compression tests shows anisotropy, which can be attributed to the anisotropy on residual stress, which still exists after LTA.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.173737

Microstructural origins of high strength of Al–Si alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion: In-situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction approach 査読有り国際誌

Takata N., Liu M., Hirata M., Suzuki A., Kobashi M., Kato M., Adachi H.

Journal of Materials Science and Technology 178 巻頁： 80 - 89 2024年4月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Materials Science and Technology

The microstructural factors contributing to the high strength of additive-manufactured Al–Si alloys using laser-beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) were identified by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction in tensile deformation and transmission electron microscopy. PBF-LB and heat treatment were employed to manufacture Al–12%Si binary alloy specimens with different microstructures. At an early stage of deformation prior to macroscopic yielding, stress was dominantly partitioned into the α-Al matrix, rather than the Si phase in all specimens. Highly concentrated Si solute (∼3%) in the α-Al matrix promoted the dynamic precipitation of nanoscale Si phase during loading, thereby increasing the yield strength. After macroscopic yielding, the partitioned stress in the Si phase monotonically increased in the strain-hardening regime with an increase in the dislocation density in the α-Al matrix. At a later stage of strain hardening, the flow curves of the partitioned stress in the Si phase yielded stress relaxation owing to plastic deformation. Therefore, Si-phase particles localized along the cell walls in the cellular-solidified microstructure play a significant role in dislocation obstacles for strain hardening. Compared with the results of the heat-treated specimens with different microstructural factors, the dominant strengthening factors of PBF-LB manufactured Al–Si alloys were discussed.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.08.050

CALPHAD-aided design of high-strength Al-Si-Mg alloys for sufficient laser powder bed fusion processability 査読有り国際誌

Otani Y., Saki K., Takata N., Suzuki A., Kobashi M., Kato M.

Journal of Alloys and Compounds 977 巻 2024年3月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Alloys and Compounds

This study proposes a design concept for an Al-Si-Mg ternary alloy to achieve both high strength and laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) processability using calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD). The thermodynamic calculations using the CALPHAD method evaluated the Al-10Si-4.5Mg (wt%) alloy composition for strengthening by both the Si and Mg2Si phases and high PBF processability by reducing the risk of hot tearing behind the small freezing range of 27 °C and crack susceptibility index (|dT/d(Fs1/2)|) of 77 °C. The PBF-LB Al-10Si-4.5Mg alloy sample (processed by laser power of 128 W and laser scanning velocity of 1000 mm/s) exhibited a fine three-phase microstructure and exceptional hardness of 199 HV. No hot tearing occurred, whereas many cracks preferentially propagated along the melt pool boundaries during the PBF-LB process. The severe lateral cracking resulted in a maximum relative density of 96 % in the Al-10Si-4.5Mg alloy samples. Preferential cracking could be responsible for the localization of the relatively coarse particles of the brittle Mg2Si phase in the cellular microstructures of the melt pool boundaries. Understanding the lateral cracking mechanism can provide new insights into alloy modification using the controlled solidification path to avoid a specific two-phase eutectic reaction (L→α-Al+Mg2Si) to improve the PBF processability. A modified alloy composition of Al-10Si-3Mg (wt%) was assessed using the CALPHAD approach. PBF-LB processing using the modified alloy powder alleviated cracking and improved the maximum relative density to 98 % for the PBF-LB manufactured samples. This result accentuated the validity of the design strategy for Al-Si-Mg ternary alloy utilizing the CALPHAD method.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.173449

Microstructural factors controlling crack resistance of Zn–Al–Mg alloy coatings prepared via hot-dip galvanizing process: Combined approach of in-situ SEM observation with digital image correlation analysis 査読有り国際誌

Kim D., Takata N., Yokoi H., Suzuki A., Kobashi M.

Journal of Materials Research and Technology 29 巻頁： 1535 - 1541 2024年3月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Materials Research and Technology

To understand the microstructural factors controlling deformability during the forming process, a comprehensive analysis using in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with digital image correlation (DIC) for hot-dip Zn–6 %Al–3 %Mg alloy coatings on steel sheets in bending deformation was performed. The Zn–Al–Mg alloy coating exhibited two major microstructural constituents: the primary solidified Al (fcc) phase with dendritic morphologies and a fine ternary eutectic (TE) microstructure of the Zn (hcp), Al, and Zn2Mg phases. Major cracks were initiated on the tensile-strained coating surface, where the strain was localized in the TE regions, whereas the softer dendritic Al phases prevented the crack propagation. Microcracks were initiated in the binary eutectic (BE) Zn/Zn2Mg phases (Al-poor region) localized around the dendritic Al phases, whereas they were arrested in the TE region containing fine granular Al phases. The dendritic Al and fine granular Al phases embedded in the TE microstructure contributed to the high crack resistance.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.01.235

Laser-beam powder bed fusion of Al–Fe–Cu alloy to achieve high strength and thermal conductivity 査読有り国際誌

Cheng Y., Miyawaki T., Wang W., Takata N., Suzuki A., Kobashi M., Kato M.

Additive Manufacturing Letters 8 巻 2024年2月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Additive Manufacturing Letters

Laser-beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) technique was used to produce an Al–2.5 %Fe–2 %Cu ternary alloy, featuring a two-phase eutectic composition of α-Al/Al23CuFe4 in non-equilibrium solidification, as determined by thermodynamic calculations. The specimen manufactured by PBF-LB exhibited a high tensile strength exceeding 350 MPa and a low thermal conductivity of approximately 140 W m−1 K−1. Subsequent annealing at 300 °C improved the thermal conductivity to 175 W m−1 K−1 without compromising the strength. This improvement was attributable to forming numerous Al23CuFe4 nanoprecipitates, which consumed solute elements. By appropriately managing the factors contributing to strengthening, a superior strength–conductivity balance can be achieved by implementing post-heat treatments.

DOI： 10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100191

Controlling the addition of solute Ti in Al-Mg-Zn-Cu-Ni alloy for enhanced high-temperature creep properties 査読有り国際誌

Li R., Kondo M., Suzuki T., Suzuki A., Takata N.

Materials Science and Engineering: A 889 巻 2024年1月

担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Materials Science and Engineering: A

This study aims to fundamentally understand the effect of 0.1 at% Ti addition (for introducing solute Ti with low diffusivity into the α-Al matrix) on the microstructure and high-temperature mechanical performance of a heat-resistant Al–5Mg–3.5Zn–2Cu–2Ni (at.%) quinary alloy subjected to heat treatments. The precipitation morphologies of the T-Al6Mg11Zn11 phase are systematically characterized in terms of the distribution of solute Ti, which is controlled by a peritectic reaction during solidification. High-temperature strength and creep properties (200 °C/105 MPa) are examined using the Ti-added alloy specimen and compared with the results of Ti-free quinary alloy specimens. In the Ti-added alloy, solute Ti is distributed within the dendritic α-Al phases formed through the peritectic reaction. The precipitation morphologies vary depending on solute Ti contents in the α-Al matrix after isothermal aging at 200 and 300 °C. Numerous fine T-phase precipitates are homogeneously dispersed in the α-Al matrix containing high solute Ti content. Fine precipitation morphologies appear stable even after long-term exposure at 200 °C. Ti addition extends creep rupture life (at 200 °C) without the loss of static high-temperature strength and room-temperature ductility. The improved creep properties could be responsible for the reduction in creep rate by the refined precipitation morphologies in the α-Al matrix containing higher solute Ti contents. Local coarsening of the precipitates occurs owing to the solute Ti during creep (under stress). The mechanism is discussed in terms of the effect of Ti addition on the phase equilibria between the α-Al and other intermetallic phases.

DOI： 10.1016/j.msea.2023.145859

Evaluation of reactive wetting kinetics of carbon fibers by molten Al-Ti alloy and its application to the fabrication of Al/carbon fiber composites 査読有り国際誌

Suzuki A., Ishiguro R., Miwa T., Takata N., Kobashi M., Furukawa Y.

Journal of Alloys and Compounds 968 巻 2023年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Alloys and Compounds

Wetting and interfacial reactions between molten Al and carbon fibers (CFs) are crucial for the fabrication of high-thermal conductive Al/CF composites through liquid-state processes including casting. The formation of Al4C3 which has a low thermal conductivity and high reactivity with water needs to be suppressed while improving wettability. The addition of Ti into molten Al forms TiC and contributes to significant improvement in wettability. To control a thin morphology of TiC, the kinetics of reactive wetting need to be clarified. In the present study, the reactive wetting kinetics between molten Al or Al-Ti alloy and pitch-based CF were investigated using the dipping coverage method combined with microstructural observations. The addition of Ti into molten Al drastically accelerated the wetting and reduced the apparent activation barrier for reactive wetting, which was related to the change in the interfacial products from the Al4C3 phase to the TiC phase. The Al4C3 phase grew while eroding the CFs, whereas the TiC phase formed in a thin-layered morphology around CFs and suppressed the diameter reduction of CF. The reduction in the apparent activation barrier and the morphology of carbides indicated a change in the dominant phenomena for reactive wetting from Al4C3 growth to TiC formation (controlled by diffusion in liquid Al). Based on the kinetics evaluations, CF were hybridized with pure Al and Al-Ti alloy through a casting process, and their thermal conductivities were evaluated. The addition of CF into pure Al degraded the thermal conductivity due to the eroded CF and coarsened Al4C3 phase, whereas the addition of CF into Al-Ti alloy enhanced the thermal conductivity. This study provides new insights into reactive wetting phenomena related to the fabrication of high-thermal conductive metal matrix composites.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.172168

Wear properties of aluminum alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion 査読有り国際共著国際誌

Gong S., Takata N., Kobashi M., Shin S.E.

Tribology International 187 巻 2023年9月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Tribology International

The production of an aluminum alloy using the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process results in a unique microstructure that differs from that of the same alloy when cast; this microstructure is advantageous for wear resistance. This study compared the wear resistance of Al-12Si and Al-2.5Fe (mass%) binary alloys produced by LPBF process with their cast equivalents, to analyze their suitability for lightweight wear-resistant parts. The wear resistance of the LPBF-produced alloys was significantly improved owing to the increase in hardness induced by the rapid cooling rate of the LPBF process and the dense dispersion of the fine secondary phase. Thus, Al alloys fabricated using LPBF can provide excellent wear resistance and possess the potential for application as industrial materials.

DOI： 10.1016/j.triboint.2023.108769

B2-structured Fe<inf>3</inf>Al alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion: Processing, microstructure and mechanical performance 査読有り国際共著国際誌

Vilardell A.M., Pelcastre L., Nikas D., Krakhmalev P., Kato M., Takata N., Kobashi M.

Intermetallics 156 巻 2023年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Intermetallics

Prealloyed Fe3Al was successfully manufactured by laser powder bed fusion. The best set of process parameters led to parts with a relative density of 99.5 %, a surface roughness, Sa, of 31.5 ± 5.6 μm and a hardness of 319 ± 14 HV0.1. Its microstructure as well as its mechanical properties at room and high temperatures were analyzed. The results of the chemical composition showed minor variations in aluminum content oscillating between 21 and 28 at.% along the melt pool. Additionally, elongated grains were observed to grow parallel to the building direction, as well as the development of a weak {001} texture along the building direction. The mechanical properties were influenced by the temperature. Compression tests showed a loss in strength with the increase in temperature, from a yield strength of 621 ± 40 MPa at room temperature to 89 ± 20 MPa at 650 °C. Reciprocating sliding wear tests showed that fragmentation of the intermetallic at room temperature occurs, whereas plastic deformation dominated at higher temperatures. For all temperatures, tribochemical wear was also present due to the oxidation of wear debris.

DOI： 10.1016/j.intermet.2023.107849

Effect of low-temperature annealing on electrical resistivity and mechanical properties of laser-powder bed fused AlSi10Mg alloy 査読有り国際誌

Miyajima Y., Nakamura Y., Konishi Y., Ishikawa K., Wang W., Takata N.

Materials Science and Engineering: A 871 巻 2023年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Materials Science and Engineering: A

The AlSi10Mg sample was additive-manufactured using laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), and subsequent low-temperature annealing (LTA) at 413K or 473 K was applied. Vickers hardness tests show the peak at around 160 HV by 473 K annealing and around 145 HV by 413 K annealing. The flow stress of tensile and compression deformations are also affected by LTA, and peak aging condition gives the highest 0.2% proof stress. 0.2% proof stress obtained by tensile tests is around 270 MPa, whereas that obtained by compression tests is between 326 MPa and 386 MPa. Electrical resistivity at 293 K changes from approximately 80 nΩm down to around 60 nΩm, whereas that at 77 K changes from around 40 nΩm down to around 20 nΩm. The estimated concentration of solute Si in the as-built specimen is between 2.5 mass% and 2.9 mass%, corresponding to the previous results using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The lattice constant obtained from XRD increased from 0.4043 nm up to 0.4048 nm by LTA. Both electrical resistivity and XRD measurement indicate a decrease in the concentration of solute atoms. Microstructure observations revealed numerous nano-sized precipitates of Si phase with a plate-like or granular morphologies in α-Al grains due to LTA.

DOI： 10.1016/j.msea.2023.144876

Design of Al–Fe–Mn alloy for both high-temperature strength and sufficient processability of laser powder bed fusion 査読有り国際誌

Wang W., Takata N., Suzuki A., Kobashi M., Kato M.

Additive Manufacturing 68 巻 2023年4月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Additive Manufacturing

This paper presents a novel design concept for Al alloys with both sufficient laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) processability and high-temperature mechanical performance using an Al–Fe–Mn ternary alloy with a refined α-Al/Al6M (M = Fe, Mn) two-phase microstructure. The near-eutectic (liquid → α-Al(fcc) + Al6M) composition of Al–2.5Fe–2Mn (mass%) was designed to avoid the formation of coarse primary intermetallics (having a detrimental effect on the PBF processability for densification) based on non-equilibrium liquidus projection thermodynamic calculations. The designed Al–2.5Fe–2Mn alloy powder exhibited sufficient L-PBF processability, and fully dense centimeter-sized samples (relative densities of above 99%) were successfully prepared. The L-PBF Al–2.5Fe–2Mn alloy samples exhibited a significantly refined solidification microstructure consisting of Al6M and α-Al phases in the melt-pool regions. Fe and Mn alloying elements contributed to the formation of nanoscale Al6M-phase particles and a high solid solution concentration in the α-Al matrix. The strength of the L-PBF Al–2.5Fe–2Mn alloy was slightly reduced at higher temperatures, but remained above 240 MPa at an elevated temperature of 300 °C. This superior high-temperature mechanical performance was attributed to the high thermal stability of the refined α-Al/Al6M two-phase microstructure and the formation of nanosized Al6M-phase precipitates.

DOI： 10.1016/j.addma.2023.103524

Microstructural origin of anisotropic tensile ductility of Al-Si alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion 査読有り国際誌

Otani Y., Takata N., Suzuki A., Kobashi M., Kato M.

Scripta Materialia 226 巻 2023年3月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Scripta Materialia

Aluminum alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) exhibit anisotropic tensile ductility. To identify microstructural origins in melt-pool (MP) structures (formed by the L-PBF process) contributing to the anisotropic ductility, the local strain distribution inside the MP structure in deformation was quantified by a combination of digital image correlation (DIC) strain analysis and in-situ SEM observations of tensile tests. It was found that higher strain was localized in locally coarsened microstructures (softer regions) along melt-pool boundaries (MPBs). The strain localization played a significant role in crack initiation (and propagation) around MPBs, contributing to fracture. The strain localization at MPBs changed depending on the geometrical relation of the MPBs with the loading direction (LD), which was controlled by the LD with respect to the building direction of L-PBF samples. The three-dimensional MPB distribution related to the LD would be responsible for the anisotropic ductility.

DOI： 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.115259

Austenite Reversion Behavior of Maraging Steel Additive-manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion 査読有り

Takata N., Ito Y., Nishida R., Suzuki A., Kobashi M., Kato M.

Tetsu-To-Hagane/Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan 109 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 201 - 214 2023年

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Tetsu-To-Hagane/Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

This study was set to fundamentally investigate the characteristics of austenite reversion occurring in maraging steels additive-manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). The maraging steel samples manufactured under different L-PBF process conditions (laser power P and scan speed v) were subjected to heat treatments at 550°C for various durations, compared with the results of the austenitized and water-quenched sample with fully martensite structure. The L-PBF manufactured samples exhibited the martensite structure (including localized austenite (γ) phases) containing submicron-sized cellular structures. Enriched alloy elements were detected along the cell boundaries, whereas such cellar structure was not found in the water-quenched sample. The localized alloy elements can be rationalized by the continuous variations in the γ-phase composition in solidification during the L-PBF process. The precipitation of nanoscale intermetallic phases and the following austenitic reversion occurred in all of the experimental samples. The L-PBF manufactured samples exhibited faster kinetics of the precipitation and austenite reversion than the water-quenched sample at elevated temperatures. The kinetics changed depending on the L-PBF process condition. The enriched Ni element (for stabilizing γ phase) localized at cell boundaries would play a role in the nucleation site for the formation of γ phase at 550°C, resulting in the enhanced austenite reversion in the L-PBF manufactured samples. The variation in the reaction kinetics depending on the L-PBF condition would be due to the varied thermal profiles of the manufactured samples by consecutive scanning laser irradiation operated under different P and v values.

DOI： 10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2022-066

Effects of Mn and Cu Additions on Solidification Microstructure and High-Temperature Strength of Cast AlFe Binary Alloy 査読有り国際誌

Okano N., Takata N., Suzuki A., Kobashi M.

Materials Transactions 64 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 492 - 499 2023年

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Materials Transactions

In order to investigate the effects of Mn and Cu additions on solidification microstructure and high-temperature strength of cast AlFe alloys, we have fabricated various AlFe-based alloys with compositions of Al1%Fe, Al1%Fe1%Mn, Al1%Fe1%Cu, and Al1%Fe1%Cu1%Mn (mol%) solidified at different cooling rates (0.3 K·s11 and 145 K·s11). In the Al1%Fe binary alloy, the coarsened ª-Al13Fe4 phase with a needle-shaped morphology was often observed in the furnace-cooled sample (0.3 K·s11), whereas the cast sample (145 K·s11) exhibited several elongated ¡ phases surrounded by fine ¡/Al6Fe eutectic microstructure. Such a solidification microstructure was observed in the cast Al1%Fe1%Cu alloy, whereas the Al23CuFe4 phase was locally formed in the finally solidified zone in the furnace-cooled sample. In the Al1%Fe1%Mn alloy, the Al6(Fe, Mn) phase was formed regardless of the cooling rate. Finer ¡/Al6(Fe, Mn) two-phase eutectic microstructure was almost entirely occupied in the cast sample. The fine eutectic microstructure was observed in the cast Al1%Fe1%Cu1%Mn alloy as well. Compression tests for cast alloy specimens revealed that the Al1%Fe1%Cu1%Mn alloy exhibited the highest strength level among the studied alloy specimens, indicating the combined addition of Mn and Cu elements could be effective in improving the high-temperature strength of the cast AlFe alloys.

DOI： 10.2320/matertrans.MT-LA2022010

Introducing Hatch Spacing into Deposited Energy Density toward Efficient Optimization of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Parameters 査読有り

Kunieda M., Suzuki A., Takata N., Kato M., Kobashi M.

Materials Transactions 64 巻 ( 6 ) 頁： 1099 - 1106 2023年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Materials Transactions

The optimization of processing parameters is indispensable for the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. The deposited energy density (DED) is one of the process indexes for the L-PBF process and has a simplified formula of P v 0.5, where P is the laser power, and v is the scan speed. This parameter describes the change in the relative density and the melt pool morphology with laser power and scan speed well, whereas it does not include the effect of other processing parameters, e.g., hatch spacing (S). In the present study, an attempt was made to incorporate the effect of S into DED. Al12Si (mass%) alloy cube samples were fabricated by L-PBF under various P, v, and S, for evaluating the relative density and the melt pool morphology. The melt pool depth and width of L-PBF-manufactured Al12Si alloy increased linearly with P v 0.5 and did not exhibit a clear correlation with S. Based on the experimental observation, the effect of hatch spacing on DED was estimated to be S 0.5, and a new index of P v 0.5 S 0.5 was proposed. This index described the change in the relative density of the L-PBF-manufactured Al12Si alloy with laser conditions (P, v, and S) well when the thermal conduction mode melting was dominant. This study also indicated the limitation of the applicability of P v 0.5 S 0.5 under the keyhole or transition mode melting.

DOI： 10.2320/matertrans.MT-ME2022002

Improved high-temperature creep properties of heat-resistant Al-Mg-Zn-Cu-Ni quinary alloy by adding a trace amount of Ti 査読有り

Kondo M., Suzuki T., Li R., Takata N.

Keikinzoku/Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 73 巻 ( 6 ) 頁： 260 - 265 2023年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Keikinzoku/Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals

The present study investigated the effect of trace titanium (Ti) addition on high-temperature creep properties of a heat-resistant quinary aluminum (Al) alloy, with a composition of Al-5Mg-3.5Zn-2Cu-2Ni (mol%). Both the quinary alloy and Ti-added alloy were solution-treated at 480°C and then aged at 200°C for 10 hours. The creep tests were conducted at 200°C under 105 MPa. The addition of trace Ti element reduced the minimum creep rate and delayed the onset of the tertiary creep stage (creep acceleration), resulting in the extended creep rupture life of the Al-5Mg-3.5Zn-2Cu-2Ni quinary alloy. The creep rupture life of the Ti-added alloy was higher than that of the A7075 alloy but lower than that of the A2618 alloy, whereas the initial creep rate (up to 0.2% in strain) of the Ti-added quinary alloy was lower than that of the A2618 alloy. The superior creep properties were presumably due to the enhanced stability of the fine precipitation morphologies of the T-Al6Mg11Zn11 phase by solute Ti inside the α-Al matrix.

DOI： 10.2464/jilm.73.260

Influence of Dislocation Substructure on Size-Dependent Strength of High-Purity Aluminum Single-Crystal Micropillars 査読有り

Takata N., Uesugi S., Zhu T., Takeyasu S., Suzuki A., Kobashi M.

Materials Transactions 64 巻 ( 8 ) 頁： 1952 - 1958 2023年

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Materials Transactions

In order to understand the influence of dislocation substructures on the size-dependent strength (smaller is stronger) of micron-sized metals, we have fabricated single-crystal cylindrical micropillars with various diameters approximately ranging from 1 to 10µm, which were prepared on the surface of the fully annealed sample and the subsequently cold-rolled samples of high-purity aluminum (Al). The annealed micropillars exhibited a size dependence of the resolved shear stress required for slip. The shear stress (¸i) normalized by shear modulus (G) and the specimen diameter (d) normalized by Burgers vector (b) followed the correlation of ¸i/G = 0.33(d/b)10.63. The size-dependent strength was reduced by cold-rolling, resulting in lower power-law exponents (0.2630.31) for the correlation in the cold-rolled specimens. The fine dislocation substructures introduced by the cold-rolling could be associated with the reduced size-dependent strength, which can be rationalized using the stochastic model of the dislocation source length in an assumption of homogenously distributed dislocations existing in the experimental micropillars. The inhomogeneous dislocation substructure with various dislocation cell sizes would contribute to a variation in the measured strength depending on the location, likely due to the probability of exiting the dislocation cell walls (local variation in dislocation density) in the micropillars fabricated on the cold-rolled Al samples. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.MT-L2023004]

DOI： 10.2320/matertrans.MT-L2023004

Investigation of dominant contributors to high strength of additively manufactured Al-Fe alloy by using single-crystal micropillar compression tests 査読有り

Choshi A., Zhu T., Takata N., Suzuki A., Kobash M.

Keikinzoku/Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 73 巻 ( 11 ) 頁： 523 - 529 2023年

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Keikinzoku/Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals

In this study, we aim to address the dominant microstructural parameter of the high strength of Al-Fe alloy components additive-manufactured by the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. This study systematically investigated the compression response of single-crystal micropillars with a fixed diameter of approximately 3 μm prepared on the surfaces of the L-PBF built Al-2.5%Fe binary alloy sample, and the subsequently heat-treated samples (300°C and 500°C), together with the slowly solidified Al-2.5%Fe alloy sample for comparison. The single-crystal micropillars of the L-PBF built sample exhibited a high yield strength of approximately 250 MPa and pronounced strain hardening. The compressed single-crystal specimens exhibited a uniform deformation indicating the activated multi-slip systems. Such a trend was observed in the 300°C heat-treated sample. However, the relatively low yield strength and strain hardening rate were found in single-crystal micropillars of the 500°C heat-treated sample as well as the slowly solidified sample. In the compressed micropillars, a single-slip system was dominantly activated. These results indicated that numerous nano-sized Al 6Fe-phase particles (contained in the specimens of the L-PBF built sample and the 300°C heat-treated sample) could contribute to high yield strength and the enhanced activation of multi-slip systems resulting in the pronounced strain hardening.

DOI： 10.2464/jilm.73.523

Design of heat-resistant Al–Mg –Zn–Cu–Ni quinary alloy: Controlling intermetallic phases and mechanical performance at elevated temperature 査読有り国際誌

Li R., Takata N., Suzuki A., Kobashi M.

Materials Science and Engineering: A 857 巻 2022年11月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Materials Science and Engineering: A

Owing to good formability, wrought Al alloys are used in a wide range of industries, including turbochargers in automobile engines. The development of Al alloys with increased high-temperature strength is necessary to improve the fuel efficiency of engines. In this study, a modified heat-resistant Al–Mg–Zn–Cu–Ni quinary alloy with superior high-temperature strength and creep rupture life at 200 °C (potential temperature in service for compressor radial impellers) was designed. The thermodynamic assessments provided a modified alloy composition of Al–5Mg–3.5Zn–2Cu–2Ni (at %) exhibiting α-Al phase in equilibrium with T-Al6Mg11Zn11 and Al3(Ni, Cu)2 phases at elevated temperatures. The experimental alloy showed granular T and Al3(Ni, Cu)2 phases often located on grain boundaries in the α-Al matrix, although the undissolved Al3Ni phase (formed in solidification) locally remained. Apart from the T phase, the η-Zn2Mg phase containing Cu element preferentially precipitated on grain boundaries. A large number of fine precipitates were dispersed homogeneously in the grain interior after the aging at 200 °C or 300 °C. Compared to the base alloy with a ternary composition of Al–5Mg–3.5Zn (at %) and conventional Al alloys, the designed quinary alloy (pre-aged at 200 °C for 10 h) showed a high strength at elevated temperatures above 200 °C. The creep-rupture life at 200 °C/105 MPa was remarkably extended to 665 h by the addition of Cu and Ni elements into the base ternary alloy. The rupture life was more than ten times longer than one (57 h) of the ternary alloys. The alloy modification based on the thermodynamic calculations provides an effective approach for designing lightweight Al alloys with superior high-temperature strength and creep rupture life.

DOI： 10.1016/j.msea.2022.144055

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