Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of Anesthesia  

Purpose: Intraoperative anaphylaxis caused by blood products is uncommon, but it is unclear whether the rarity of this reaction is attributable to the difficulty of diagnosis, underreporting, or both. We investigated the incidence of intraoperative transfusion anaphylaxis and its reporting to the hemovigilance system. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cases wherein general anesthesia was used at a single hospital during a 12-year period. Cases of intraoperative anaphylaxis were extracted using an electronic search strategy and determined using the recently developed grading and clinical scoring system. The causative blood products were determined by the onset duration based on literature regarding intraoperative transfusion anaphylaxis cases. Results: Among the 62,146 general anesthesia cases, 22 cases of intraoperative anaphylaxis were identified, and 11 of the 22 cases received transfusions before the onset of anaphylaxis. Intraoperative transfusion anaphylaxis was defined as occurring within 30 min of transfusion. Finally, nine cases of intraoperative transfusion anaphylaxis were analyzed. The overall incidence of intraoperative transfusion anaphylaxis was 1/3,994, with the highest incidence noted for fresh frozen plasma (1/2146; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1/6610–1/920), platelet concentrate (1/2348; 95% CI 1/92,742–1/422), and red blood cells (1/22,867; 95% CI 1/903,199–1/4,105). No evidence indicated that these cases were reported to the Japanese hemovigilance system, although all intraoperative transfusion anaphylaxis cases were diagnosed by anesthesiologists. Conclusion: The incidence of intraoperative anaphylaxis caused by blood products was higher than that reported and may be underreported to the Japanese hemovigilance system. Further research, particularly multicenter studies, is needed to confirm our results.

DOI： 10.1007/s00540-022-03059-2

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Nagoya Journal of Medical Science  

High-dose opioids induce hyperalgesia and tolerance, which negatively affects postoperative recovery.Prolonged surgery inevitably requires higher opioid doses. Ketamine reduces perioperative opioid consumptionand prevents opioid-induced tolerance. However, its effects in cases of prolonged surgery remainunknown. This study aimed to evaluate the dose of intraoperative remifentanil, an ultrashort-acting μ-opioidagonist, administered after an intravenous ketamine bolus during prolonged head and neck surgery. Thissingle-center, retrospective, observational study included 251 patients who underwent head and necksurgery (operation time ≥8 h) between January 2015 and December 2019. The participants were stratifiedinto two groups: those who received an intravenous bolus of ketamine and those who did not (ketaminegroup and non-ketamine group, respectively). Propensity score-matching was used to match patients in a1:1 ratio between the two groups, based on their covariates. The difference in intraoperative remifentanildose administered between the two groups was assessed. After 1:1 propensity score-matching, 89 matchedpatients were selected from each group. The mean ± standard deviation dose of remifentanil administeredwas significantly lower in the ketamine group than in the non-ketamine group before (0.15±0.05 vs0.17±0.05 μg/kg/min; P=0.01) and after matching (0.15±0.06 vs 0.17±0.05 μg/kg/min; P=0.03). In conclusion,intravenous ketamine administration may reduce the intraoperative dose of remifentanil requiredduring prolonged head and neck surgery. However, further studies are required to evaluate the effect ofthis finding on enhanced recovery after surgery

DOI： 10.18999/nagjms.84.1.1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing  

The recovery time of the motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude following a neuromuscular blockade (NMB) during surgery is useful for interpreting low-amplitude waveforms or selecting the baseline waveform. In this study, the MEP data of 195 orthopedic cases who received a bolus dose of rocuronium at the beginning of surgery, between June 2009 and January 2016 were used. A non-linear regression analysis was applied to MEP amplitude data of multiple patients. The time taken for 90% of the maximum-amplitude recovery was estimated from the identified time series model. The 90% amplitude recovery time was 88.6 min in the pharmacological model and 89.4 min in the logistic model. These results were included in the 95% confidence interval of the previous studies. Although MEP amplitude is relatively unstable because of anesthesia, the averaged time series model of MEP amplitude can be estimated by using a large number of data.

DOI： 10.1007/s10877-020-00600-0

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia  

Objectives: Perioperative hyperglycemia is associated with poor postoperative recovery, including compromised immune function and increased risk of infection. A closed-loop glycemic control system (artificial pancreas) has demonstrated strict safe perioperative glycemic control without hypoglycemia risk. The authors hypothesized that the artificial pancreas would reduce surgical site infections (SSIs) and postoperative inflammatory reactions. This study aimed to assess the effect of the artificial pancreas on SSIs and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels after cardiac surgery. Design: A single-center retrospective, propensity score–matched analysis. Setting: A university hospital. Participants: In total, 295 patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were included. Interventions: Patients were divided into two groups: artificial pancreas (target blood glucose: 120-150 mg/dL) and intravenous insulin infusion (conventional insulin therapy, target blood glucose: <200 mg/dL). Measurements and Main Results: The differences in the incidence of SSIs and CRP levels between the two groups were assessed. After 1:1 propensity score matching based on their covariates, 101 matched patients were selected from each group. The incidence of SSIs was reduced by 3%, 5% (conventional insulin therapy), and 2% (artificial pancreas), but the reduction was not statistically significant (p = 0.45). The postoperative maximum CRP level was significantly lower in the artificial pancreas group than in the conventional insulin therapy group, mean (standard deviation)14.53 (5.64) mg/dL v 16.57 (5.58) mg/dL; p = 0.01. Conclusions: The artificial pancreas did not demonstrate a significant reduction in the incidence of SSIs. However, the artificial pancreas was safe and suppressed postoperative inflammation compared with conventional insulin therapy.

DOI： 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.04.047

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Paediatric Anaesthesia  

Background: Oscillometric noninvasive blood pressure and/or invasive intra-arterial blood pressure are commonly used to measure the systolic, diastolic, and mean components of blood pressure. Agreement between the two methods has been reported in adults, children, and infants, but rarely in neonates, especially under general anesthesia. Aims: This retrospective study compared the agreement of each measured blood pressure value (oscillometric noninvasive or invasive intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring) in term neonates under general anesthesia. Methods: Data were collected from neonates born at ≥36 weeks of gestation whose body weight was ≥2500 g and who underwent abdominal or noncardiac thoracic surgery with both oscillometric noninvasive and invasive intra-arterial blood pressure measurements from January 2015 to March 2020. The primary outcome was the agreement of systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure values between the two methods using Bland-Altman analysis. Results: Paired blood pressure measurements (n = 1193) from 67 cases were compared. In Bland-Altman analysis, bias (standard deviation), 95% limits of agreement, and percentage error were −9.3 (8.4), −26.1-7.6, and 26.9% for systolic; 1.6 (6.5), −11.3-14.6, and 38.7% for diastolic; and −1.3 (5.8), −13.0-10.3, and 26.9% for mean blood pressure, respectively. During low blood pressure (intra-arterial mean blood pressure ≤30 mm Hg), the biases (standard deviation) of systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure were −11.4 (5.7), −0.7 (3.7), and −5.1 (4.2), whereas during high blood pressure (intra-arterial mean blood pressure ≥60 mm Hg), the values were 0.1 (9.7), 5.6 (9.4), and 6.4 (7.4), respectively. Conclusions: Based on the bias and percentage error, the mean blood pressure exhibited the most acceptable agreement between oscillometric noninvasive and invasive intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring in term neonates under general anesthesia. However, during hypertension or hypotension, there was a large discrepancy between the two methods.

DOI： 10.1111/pan.14020

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s12574-020-00465-x

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001223

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DOI： 10.1111/anae.14982

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DOI： 10.1111/anae.14960

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s00540-019-02713-6

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.18999/nagjms.82.1.93

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

OBJECTIVES: Right ventricular (RV) failure with pulmonary hypertension (PH) is frequently encountered in patients with advanced left-sided heart disease (LHD). However, RV energetics in patients with postcapillary PH because of LHD has not been well studied. The authors investigated intraoperative RV energetics in patients with PH due to LHD based on pressure-volume curves with three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and pulmonary artery catheterization. DESIGN: Exploratory study. SETTING: National center. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-three patients who underwent cardiac surgery for LHD were enrolled. Ten patients had PH (mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25 mmHg). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: RV stroke work index (RVSWI) was calculated by integrating the area bounded by the pressure-volume curve. RV minute work index (RVMWI) was calculated as RVSWI × heart rate. Right ventriculo-arterial coupling was estimated as stroke volume divided by end-systolic volume (SV/ESV). The authors compared RV energetics between patients with and without PH because of LHD. RVSWI and RVMWI were significantly higher in patients with PH (690.7 mmHg·mL/m2 [601.6-737.1] v 440.9 mmHg·mL/m2 [330.8-585.3], p = 0.015, and 60,068 mmHg·mL/m2/min [35,547-68,741] v 26,351 mmHg·mL/m2/min [17,316-32,517], p = 0.011, respectively), although cardiac index was nearly identical. SV/ESV was significantly lower in patients with PH (0.520 [0.305-0.810] v 0.820 (0.650-1.090), p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Although cardiac index was similar, RVSWI and RVMWI were significantly higher and SV/ESV was significantly lower in patients with PH because of LHD, suggesting that patients with postcapillary PH have inefficient RV performance.

DOI： 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.05.025

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1111/anae.14856

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/anae.14856

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

OBJECTIVES: Sizing of the aortic valve is crucial for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is used for sizing. Recently, three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3DTEE) has enabled accurate measurement of the aortic annulus area and diameter in cases that are difficult to measure. The authors compared measurements of aortic annulus areas and diameters acquired by MDCT and 3DTEE. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. SETTING: Single national center. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-eight patients who underwent TAVR replacement between September 2015 and March 2017. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The authors extracted and compared preoperative measurements of the aortic annulus area, as well as the long- and short-axis diameter, measured by MDCT and 3DTEE. There was no significant difference in the aortic annulus area (409 ± 74 v 414 ± 70 mm2, p = 0.15) or short-axis diameter (20.4 ± 2.0 v 20.6 ± 1.9 mm, p = 0.103) between 3DTEE and MDCT, but the long-axis diameter differed significantly (25.0 ± 2.4 v 25.8 ± 2.0 mm, p < 0.001), respectively. Prosthesis sizes based on 3DTEE and MDCT were the same, except in 3 patients who could not stay still during MDCT measurement; in those cases, prosthesis sizes based on 3DTEE were adopted. CONCLUSIONS: Measurements of the aortic annulus area and diameter in TAVR were similar between 3DTEE and MDCT. Patients who have difficulty remaining still during MDCT measurement because of dementia should have their prostheses sized based on 3DTEE measurements.

DOI： 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.04.025

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Taiwan Society of Anesthesiologists  

Thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) is an efficient alternative to epidural anesthesia. The location of a catheter within the thoracic paravertebral space (TPVS) has been examined in the human cadaver studies, but it is unclear how it goes into the TPVS during catheterization. In this report, thoracoscopy was used to observe the thoracic cavity in real-time during a parasagittal in-plane approach of ultrasound-guided TPVB. During thoracoscopy, we observed whether a paravertebral catheter could be advanced caudally beyond the ribs into the neighboring TPVS. Our result demonstrated that the catheter was difficult to be advanced beyond the ribs and confined within the same level of TPVS as where it was inserted. In the previous thoracoscopic observation of the paravertebral spread, we assumed that the local anesthetic acts most strongly at the intercostal level of the injection. Therefore, we recommend to insert the catheter for TPVB at the level corresponding to the incision site of thoracotomy.

DOI： 10.1016/j.aja.2017.05.004

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

<p> In this case, hemodynamic collapse occurred due to the systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve after a mitral valvuloplasty (MVP). Intravenous administration of cibenzoline, a sodium (Na⁺)-channel blocker, reduced left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and the mitral regurgitation (MR) resulting from the SAM, and the hemodynamic condition was improved.</p><p> SAM is a well-known complication after MVP. The Venturi effect created by increasing the blood flow velocity at the narrowed LVOT causes the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve to be drawn into the LVOT. Effective perioperative management suppresses the left ventricular contraction, and increases the pre-load and after-load. This requires discontinuation of inotropic drugs, administration of vasoconstrictors, and expansion of intravascular volume. Considering the pathogenesis of SAM, therapies for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, such as a beta (β)-blocker, a calcium antagonist, or a Na⁺-channel blocker, can be effective for treatment of SAM after MVP. A short-acting β-blocker is convenient, and commonly used for the perioperative management of SAM. The essential cause of SAM after MVP is myocardial hypercontraction rather than tachycardia. A Na⁺-channel blocker is effective for attenuation of the left ventricular pressure gradient (LVPG) because it has more of a negative inotropic effect than a negative chronotropic effect. Therefore, we suggest that if a β-blocker is unavailable, or is insufficient for decreasing the LVPG, cibenzoline is effective for SAM after MVP.</p>

DOI： 10.11478/jscva.2016-3-022

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DOI： 10.1186/s40981-016-0074-1

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DOI： 10.1016/j.aat.2016.05.004

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