Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

PURPOSE: To clarify the abilities of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT) obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and circumpapillary vessel density (cpVD) measured by OCT-angiography to distinguish different stages in primary open-angle glaucoma determined by 24-2 or 30-2 static visual field (VF) testing. METHODS: This retrospective study includes 25 healthy normal eyes of 25 subjects and 87 primary open-angle glaucoma eyes of 87 patients. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) were evaluated for determining glaucoma stages using cpRNFLT and cpVD. The absolute errors of the estimated mean total deviation (mTD) using optimal models with cpRNFLT and cpVD were also compared. RESULTS: The AUROCs for discriminating glaucomatous eyes from normal eyes was significantly higher for cpRNFLT than the respective AUROCs for cpVD (0.969 [95% CI 0.939 to 0.998] vs. 0.872 [95% CI 0.806 to 0.938], p = 0.006), whereas cpVD had significantly higher AUROC for discriminating severe glaucoma eyes from moderate glaucoma eyes than cpRNFLT (0.771 [95% CI 0.655 to 0.886] vs. 0.578 [95% CI 0.420 to 0.736], p = 0.022). The mean absolute error in estimating mTD using both cpRNFLT and cpVD was significantly less than the error using cpRNFLT alone (4.56 ± 3.76 dB vs. 5.39 ± 4.00 dB, p = 0.027). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that cpVD is better for follow-ups after moderate stage. The combination of cpRNFLT and cpVD may improve VF estimation compared to cpRNFLT alone.

DOI： 10.1007/s00417-023-06302-y

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study aimed to clarify the differences in the retinal venous narrowing ratio (VNR) at retinal arteriovenous crossing by optical coherence tomography (OCT) among the eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), fellow eyes of patients with BRVO, and eyes of individuals without BRVO and to determine factors that influence the VNR. METHODS: We studied 31 eyes of young participants, 54 eyes of an older control group, 56 fellow eyes of patients with BRVO, and 48 eyes with BRVO. Cross-sectional OCT images were used to determine the VNR at two arteriovenous crossings per eye. RESULTS: Overall, 378 arteriovenous crossings were analyzed. The VNR of arterial overcrossings of fellow eyes (27.7% ± 11.1%) and BRVO eyes (27.3% ± 9.76%) were significantly higher than those in the young (16.0% ± 7.9%, all P < 0.001) and control (22.0% ± 8.81%, P < 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively) groups. The VNR of arterial overcrossings was significantly larger than that of venous overcrossings (24.0% ± 10.5% vs. 20.6% ± 13.0%, P = 0.021). A linear mixed-effects model showed that the VNR was significantly higher in arterial overcrossings, crossings with larger arterial internal diameters, smaller venous internal diameters, and participants with older age and a BRVO history. CONCLUSIONS: The VNR in arterial overcrossings was higher in BRVO eyes and even in the fellow eyes. Thus, a higher VNR in arterial overcrossings may contribute to BRVO development, and crossings with factors contributing to higher VNR might be associated with a risk of BRVO.

DOI： 10.1167/iovs.64.14.22

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Publisher：株式会社医学書院  

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1410214907

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：株式会社医学書院  

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1410214168

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.7759/cureus.55716

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：医学書院  

＜文献概要＞目的:ビタミンA欠乏による夜盲に対する治療後に,症状・網膜電図(ERG)波形の改善とともにinterdigitation zone(IZ)の伸長がみられた1例の報告。症例:41歳,男性。多発性骨髄腫に対する化学療法中に夜盲を発症し眼科を受診した。初診時視力は右(1.0),左(1.0),ERGでは杆体応答はほぼ消失していた。光干渉断層計(OCT)では両眼にIZの不明瞭化がみられ,縦方向のBスキャン画像から確認されるIZ長は右1,172μm,左1,542μmであった。血清中のビタミンAは64IU/dL(基準値:97～316IU/dL)と基準値以下であったことから,ビタミンA欠乏症による夜盲と診断し,ビタミンA製剤5,000単位の内服を開始した。治療開始1ヵ月後には自覚症状は改善し,ERGでは杆体応答の改善がみられた。OCTではIZが明瞭化し,IZ長は右2,112μm,左2,586μmと伸長がみられた。治療開始3ヵ月後には血清ビタミンAは302IU/dLとなり,IZ長は右2,839μm,左2,534μmと改善を維持していた。結論:OCTでのIZの観察が,ビタミンA欠乏症の治療における指標となる可能性が示唆された。

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3928/23258160-20230809-01

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PURPOSE: To determine the factors significantly associated with the amplitudes and implicit times of the flicker electroretinograms (ERGs) recorded with the RETeval system by analyzing the comprehensive data obtained during a health checkup screening. METHODS: Flicker ERGs were recorded with the RETeval system from 373 individuals who had a normal fundus and optical coherence tomography images. The sex, age, anthropometric, ophthalmologic, and hematologic data were collected from all participants who were 40- to 89-years-of-age. Univariable and multivariable linear mixed effects regression analyses were performed to identify factors that were significantly associated with the implicit times and amplitudes of the RETeval flicker ERGs. RESULTS: Univariable linear mixed effects regression analysis showed significant correlations between the implicit times and the best-corrected visual acuity, the age, the axial length, the blood sugar level, and the blood urea nitrogen level. Analyses by multivariable linear mixed effects regression identified that the axial length (β = 0.28), the age (β = 0.24), and the blood sugar level (β = 0.092) were three independent factors that were significantly correlated with the implicit times of the RETeval flicker ERGs. Univariable linear mixed effects regression analysis also showed significant correlations between the amplitudes of the RETeval flicker ERGs and the age, the platelet count, and the creatinine level. Multivariable linear mixed effects regression models identified the age (β = -0.092), the platelet count (β = 0.099), and the creatinine level (β = -0.12) as three independent factors that were significantly correlated with the amplitudes of the RETeval flicker ERGs. However, the smoking habits, body mass index, and the blood pressure were not significantly correlated with either the implicit times or amplitudes of the RETeval flicker ERGs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the age and some ophthalmologic and hematologic findings but not the anthropometric findings were significantly associated with the implicit times and amplitudes of the RETeval flicker ERGs. Thus, clinicians should remember these factors when analyzing the RETeval flicker ERGs.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0284686

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This study investigated the effect of renal dysfunction categorized by the stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the retinal microcirculation assessed by laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) and retinal artery caliber measured by adaptive optics imaging in diabetic patients particularly the early stage of retinopathy and nephropathy. We divided the patients with diabetes into three groups based on the CKD stage (non-CKD (n = 54); CKD stage 1 + 2 (n = 20); CKD stage 3 (n = 41)). The mean blur rate (MBR) of the stage 3 CKD group was significantly lower than that of the no-CKD group (p < 0.015). The total retinal flow index (TRFI) in the stage 3 CKD group was significantly lower than that of the no-CKD group (p < 0.002). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that CKD stage was independently associated with MBR (β = -0.257, p = 0.031) and TRFI (β = -0.316, p = 0.015). No significant differences were observed in external diameter, lumen diameter, wall thickness, and wall to lumen ratio among the groups. These results indicated that the ONH MBR and TRFI as assessed by LSFG decreases in diabetic patients with stage 3 CKD, but the arterial diameter measured by adaptive optics imaging does not change, suggesting that impaired renal function may be associated with decreased retinal blood flow in early-stage diabetic retinopathy.

DOI： 10.3390/life13020424

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This retrospective study aimed to evaluate choroidal hemodynamics after half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and the effects of smoking using laser speckle flowgraphy. This study included 29 eyes of 29 patients treated with half-dose PDT for CSC, who were followed-up for at least 6 months. The mean blur rate (MBR) in the PDT irradiation area (whole area), the pachyvessel (PV) area, non-PV (NPV) area, and filling delay (FD) area were assessed at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months post-PDT, respectively. The MBR was also assessed by smoking status. The MBR significantly decreased from baseline in the whole, PV, NPV, and FD areas at all time points (P < 0.001). Of the 29 patients, 6 were never smokers, 13 were past smokers, and 10 were current smokers. At baseline, no significant difference was found in the MBR in the whole, PV, NPV, and FD areas among never, past, and current smokers. The MBR changes showed a significantly smaller decrease in current smokers than in never smokers in the whole (P = 0.021), PV (P = 0.009), and NPV (P = 0.034) areas, but not in the FD area (P = 0.172). Half-dose PDT for CSC reduced choroidal blood flow in the PDT-irradiated area, which was blunted by current smoking status.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-21584-8

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Ocular Immunology and Inflammation  

BACKGROUND: Several types of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been reported to occasionally cause Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKHD)-like uveitis. Among the ICIs, the anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody is reported to cause fewer immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We report a case of VKHD-like uveitis that developed after anti-PD-L1 antibody treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CASE PRESENTATION: A 76-year-old woman suffered from an acute visual reduction in both eyes. She had been treated with atezolizumab, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, for NSCLC for 17 months. Ophthalmologic examinations led to a diagnosis of severe VKHD-like uveitis, and one of the irAEs was suspected. Discontinuation of atezolizumab and systemic steroid therapy led to the resolution of the findings within two months. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of VKHD-like uveitis that developed during the treatment by anti-PD-L1 antibody. Our case indicates that VKHD-like uveitis may be induced after a long-time use of anti-PD-L1 antibody.

DOI： 10.1080/09273948.2021.1884889

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BMC Ophthalmology  

BACKGROUND: The influences of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations on the pulse waveform in the optic nerve head (ONH) were evaluated using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) in normal subjects. METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Nagoya University Hospital. An ophthalmodynamometer was pressed on the sclera to increase the IOP by 20 mmHg or 30 mmHg for 1 min (experiment 1, 16 subjects) and by 30 mmHg for 10 min (experiment 2, 10 subjects). The mean blur rate (MBR) and the eight pulse waveform parameters determined using LSFG were measured before, immediately after and during an IOP elevation, and after the IOP returned to the baseline pressure. RESULTS: A significant elevation in the IOP and a significant reduction in the ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) were found after applying the ophthalmodynamometer (both, P < 0.001). The blowout score (BOS) reduced significantly (P < 0.001), and the flow acceleration index (FAI; P < 0.01) and resistivity index (RI; P < 0.001) increased significantly immediately after increasing the IOP by 20 or 30 mmHg (experiment 1). The BOS reduced significantly (P < 0.001), and the FAI (P < 0.01) and RI (P < 0.001) increased significantly after the IOP elevation by 30 mmHg in both experiment 2 and 1. However, the BOS and RI recovered significantly at time 10 compared to that in time 0 (immediately after IOP elevation) during the 10-min IOP elevation (P < 0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the BOS, FAI, and RI of the pulse waveforms changed significantly with an acute elevation in the IOP. The change should be related to the larger difference between the maximum and minimum MBRs during the IOP elevation.

DOI： 10.1186/s12886-021-02070-7

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology  

PURPOSE: To determine the factors significantly associated with anterior protrusion of the macula in eyes with a macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and to determine the relationship between the intraretinal cystoid cavities (ICCs) and the anterior protrusion and function of the fovea. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: Sixty-nine eyes of 69 patients with successfully reattached macula-off RRD were retrospectively analyzed. Six radial spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic (OCT) images were used to evaluate the effects of the ICCs on detached macula and to measure the angle of the retina at the macula as a parameter to evaluate the anterior protrusion of the detached retina. The findings were compared to other parameters. RESULTS: The mean angle of the retina at the macula was 143.1 ± 15.9° with a range of 108 to 172°. Preoperatively, 51 eyes (74%) had ICCs in the inner nuclear layer and/or the outer plexiform layer and Henle fiber layer complex, but none was present after surgery. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that the angle of the retina was significantly associated with the presence of ICCs (β = -0.637, P<0.001) and the height of subretinal fluid (β = -0.256, P = 0.005). Eyes with ICCs had poorer preoperative vision (P<0.001), narrower angle of the retina (P<0.001), and thicker subretinal fluid (P<0.001) than eyes without cavities. CONCLUSIONS: The anterior protrusion in eyes with macula-off RRD is associated with the presence of ICCs. The presence of ICCs can affect preoperative function and morphology but does not affect postoperative function and morphology.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-020-00810-8

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)  

PURPOSE: To describe the intraoperative and postoperative morphological and functional outcomes after autologous neurosensory retinal flap transplantation (ART) for a high myopia-related refractory macular hole (MH). METHODS: This prospective interventional study enrolled five eyes of five patients (age range 54-84 years) with highly myopic refractory MHs who underwent ART. All cases were evaluated with intraoperative optical coherence tomography and postoperative optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography, and microperimetry for at least 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Intraoperatively, the MH was covered by an ART flap with a persistent small subretinal space that was filled with the ART flap after 4 days to 6 days. Optical coherence tomography discriminated the original from the transplanted retina. The mean basal diameter of the original MH decreased from 1,504 ± 684 µm preoperatively to 1,111 ± 356 µm postoperatively. The best-corrected visual acuity improved in two cases, was stable in two cases, and deteriorated in one case. Microperimetry demonstrated no obvious postoperative changes in the fixation points and the absolute scotoma corresponding to the base of MHs with chorioretinal atrophy. In two eyes, choroidal neovascularization developed beneath the transplanted retinas. CONCLUSION: Transplanted tissue was in a fixed position by 1 week postoperatively with a decreased diameter of the original MH. Postoperative fixation points were on the original retina at the MH edge. Because choroidal neovascularization may develop, detailed monitoring is required.

DOI： 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003000

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Scientific Reports  

We investigated morphological changes of retinal arteries to determine their association with the blood flow and systemic variables in type 2 diabetes patients. The patients included 47 non-diabetic retinopathy eyes, 36 mild or moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (M-NPDR) eyes, 22 severe NPDR (S-NPDR) eyes, 32 PDR eyes, and 24 normal eyes as controls. The mean wall to lumen ratio (WLR) measured by adaptive optics camera was significantly higher in the PDR groups than in all of the other groups (all P < 0.001). However, the external diameter of the retinal vessels was not significantly different among the groups. The mean blur rate (MBR)-vessel determined by laser speckle flowgraphy was significantly lower in the PDR group than in the other groups (P < 0.001). The WLR was correlated with MBR-vessel (r = - 0.337, P < 0.001), duration of disease (r = 0.191, P = 0.042), stage of DM (r = 0.643, P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.166, P < 0.037), and presence of systemic hypertension (r = 0.443, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that MBR-vessel (β = - 0.389, P < 0.001), presence of systemic hypertension (β = 0.334, P = 0.001), and LDL (β = 0.199, P = 0.045) were independent factors significantly associated with the WLR. The increased retinal vessel wall thickness led to a narrowing of lumen diameter and a decrease in the blood flow in the PDR group.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-021-84067-2

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：株式会社医学書院  

＜文献概要＞クリニック・病院から紹介/逆紹介するときのポイント クリニックから病院へ紹介するとき《原発先天緑内障》・出生前または新生児期(0～1ヵ月):出生直後から角膜混濁,角膜径増大(11mm以上),眼軸長の伸長などを認め,アイケアなどによる眼圧測定で高眼圧を認める場合,および先天眼形成異常や先天全身疾患に関連した緑内障などの眼圧上昇の可能性がある疾患.・乳児期(1～24ヵ月):生後数ヵ月から流涙,羞明,眼瞼痙攣などの角膜浮腫による刺激症状がある場合,眼圧測定,眼底検査,超音波Bモード検査などにより角膜混濁,角膜径増大(12mm以上),眼圧上昇,眼軸長の伸長を確認した場合.・遅発性(2歳以上):2歳以上で流涙,羞明,眼瞼痙攣などの角膜浮腫による刺激症状がある場合,細隙灯顕微鏡検査,圧平眼圧測定,眼底検査,超音波Bモード検査などにより角膜混濁,角膜径増大(13mm以上),眼圧上昇,眼軸長の伸長や近視化を確認した場合.《若年開放隅角緑内障》・4歳以降では,眼球拡大や角膜浮腫などの刺激症状を伴わないことも多い.細隙灯顕微鏡検査,圧平眼圧測定,超音波Bモード検査,屈折検査,眼底検査などにより角膜混濁,角膜径増大,眼圧上昇,眼軸長の伸長や近視化,視神経乳頭陥凹拡大などを確認した場合.・小学生以上では,細隙灯顕微鏡検査,圧平眼圧測定,眼底検査に加え,OCTや視野検査により緑内障が疑われる場合.病院からクリニックへ逆紹介するとき・幼児や小児の臨床検査や視能訓練ができる施設は限られているため,逆紹介する前に確認する.・緑内障治療とともに視能訓練も大切である.・術後眼圧が落ち着いていても数ヵ月～半年に1回の診察継続が必要.・4歳以上では,視力,眼圧測定,小学生以上では,視野検査や眼底写真,OCTの練習が必要.

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1410214168

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：眼科臨床紀要会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：眼科臨床紀要会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：眼科臨床紀要会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：眼科臨床紀要会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：眼科臨床紀要会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：眼科臨床紀要会  

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