Updated on 2024/04/22

写真a

 
CHIBA Sotaro
 
Organization
Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Department of Plant Production Sciences Associate professor
Graduate School
Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences
Undergraduate School
School of Agricultural Sciences Department of Bioresource Sciences
Title
Associate professor
External link

Degree 1

  1. Ph.D. ( 2008.3   Okayama University ) 

Research Interests 5

  1. Virocontrol

  2. Plant protection

  3. Mycoviruses

  4. Plant viruses

  5. Phytoplasma

Research Areas 3

  1. Life Science / Virology

  2. Life Science / Applied molecular and cellular biology

  3. Environmental Science/Agriculture Science / Plant protection science

Current Research Project and SDGs 4

  1. Mechanism of gene expressions in fungal viruses

  2. Biological control of filamentous phytopathogenic fungi using mycoviruses

  3. 東南アジアの病害虫防除

  4. 植物ウイルスの宿主抵抗性打破

Research History 3

  1. Nagoya University   Associate professor

    2019

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    Country:Japan

  2. Nagoya University   Designated associate professor

    2015 - 2018

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    Country:Japan

  3. Okayama University

    2008 - 2014

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    Country:Japan

Education 3

  1. Okayama University

    2002.4 - 2008.3

  2. Okayama University   Graduate School, Division of National Science and Technology

    1999.4 - 2002.3

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    Country: Japan

  3. Okayama University of Science   Faculty of Science

    1995.4 - 1999.3

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    Country: Japan

Professional Memberships 2

  1. 日本植物病理学会

  2. THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR VIROLOGY

 

Papers 67

  1. <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> identifies host plants via the recognition of antifungal capsidiol to induce expression of a specific detoxification gene Reviewed

    Kuroyanagi, T; Bulasag, AS; Fukushima, K; Ashida, A; Suzuki, T; Tanaka, A; Camagna, M; Sato, I; Chiba, S; Ojika, M; Takemoto, D

    PNAS NEXUS   Vol. 1 ( 5 ) page: pgac274   2022.11

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    The gray mold pathogen Botrytis cinerea has a broad host range, causing disease in >400 plant species, but it is not known how this pathogen evolved this polyxenous nature. Botrytis cinerea can metabolize a wide range of phytoalexins, including the stilbenoid resveratrol in grape, and the sesquiterpenoids capsidiol in tobacco and rishitin in potato and tomato. In this study, we analyzed the metabolism of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins by B. cinerea. Capsidiol was dehydrogenated to capsenone, which was then further oxidized, while rishitin was directly oxidized to epoxy- or hydroxyrishitins, indicating that B. cinerea has separate mechanisms to detoxify structurally similar sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins. RNA-seq analysis revealed that a distinct set of genes were induced in B. cinerea when treated with capsidiol or rishitin, suggesting that B. cinerea can distinguish structurally similar phytoalexins to activate appropriate detoxification mechanisms. The gene most highly upregulated by capsidiol treatment encoded a dehydrogenase, designated Bccpdh. Heterologous expression of Bccpdh in a capsidiol-sensitive plant symbiotic fungus, Epichloë festucae, resulted in an acquired tolerance of capsidiol and the ability to metabolize capsidiol to capsenone, while B. cinerea △bccpdh mutants became relatively sensitive to capsidiol. The △bccpdh mutant showed reduced virulence on the capsidiol producing Nicotiana and Capsicum species but remained fully pathogenic on potato and tomato. Homologs of Bccpdh are found in taxonomically distant Ascomycota fungi but not in related Leotiomycetes species, suggesting that B. cinerea acquired the ancestral Bccpdh by horizontal gene transfer, thereby extending the pathogenic host range of this polyxenous pathogen to capsidiol-producing plant species.

    DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac274

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  2. Draft Genome Sequences of Prototrophic and Biotin-Auxotrophic <i>Fusarium langsethiae</i> Strains Isolated from an Oat Grain in the Northern Region of Russia Reviewed

    Tanaka, A; Takemoto, D; Sato, I; Chiba, S; Gavrilova, O; Gagkaeva, T

    MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS   Vol. 11 ( 7 ) page: e0125021   2022.7

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    Fusarium langsethiae is a suspected plant-pathogenic fungus causing cereal contamination with trichothecene mycotoxins. Here, we report the genome sequences of two F. langsethiae strains, MFG217701 (a prototroph) and MFG217702 (a biotin auxotroph), isolated from a grain of oat harvested in Russia.

    DOI: 10.1128/mra.01250-21

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  3. Epidemic progress of beet necrotic yellow vein virus: Evidence from an investigation in Japan spanning half a century Reviewed

    Ryo Nakagami, Sotaro Chiba, Naoto Yoshida, Yoshiteru Senoo, Minako Iketani-Saito, Satoru Iketani, Hideki Kondo, Tetsuo Tamada

    PLANT PATHOLOGY   Vol. 71 ( 3 ) page: 715 - 728   2022.4

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    DOI: 10.1111/ppa.13504

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  4. An entomopathogenic fungus and a natural extract benefit rice (Oryza sativa) by suppressing populations of insect pests while keeping high populations of their natural enemies Reviewed International coauthorship

    Cheythyrith Chou, Buyung A.R. Hadi, Sotaro Chiba, Ikuo Sato, Il Ryong Choi, Toshiharu Tanaka

    Biological Control   Vol. 165 ( 104793 )   2022.2

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2021.104793

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  5. AP2/ERF Transcription Factor NbERF-IX-33 Is Involved in the Regulation of Phytoalexin Production for the Resistance of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> to <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> Reviewed

    Imano, S; Fushimi, M; Camagna, M; Tsuyama-Koike, A; Mori, H; Ashida, A; Tanaka, A; Sato, I; Chiba, S; Kawakita, K; Ojika, M; Takemoto, D

    FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE   Vol. 12   page: 821574   2022.1

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    Language:English   Publisher:Frontiers in Plant Science  

    Plants recognize molecular patterns unique to a certain group of microbes to induce effective resistance mechanisms. Elicitins are secretory proteins produced by plant pathogenic oomycete genera including Phytophthora and Pythium. Treatment of INF1 (an elicitin produced by P. infestans) induces a series of defense responses in Nicotiana species, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, transient induction of ethylene production, hypersensitive cell death and accumulation of the sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin capsidiol. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of N. benthamiana genes after INF1 treatment by RNAseq analysis. Based on their expression patterns, N. benthamiana genes were categorized into 20 clusters and 4,761 (8.3%) out of 57,140 genes were assigned to the clusters for INF1-induced genes. All genes encoding enzymes dedicated to capsidiol production, 5-epi-aristolochene (EA) synthase (NbEAS, 10 copies) and EA dehydrogenase (NbEAH, 6 copies), and some genes for ethylene production, such as 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (NbACS) and ACC oxidase (NbACO), were significantly upregulated by INF1 treatment. Analysis of NbEAS1 and NbEAS4 promoters revealed that AGACGCC (GCC box-like motif) is the essential cis-element required for INF1-induced expression of NbEAS genes. Given that the GCC box is known to be targeted by ERF (ethylene-responsive factor) transcription factors, we created a complete list of N. benthamiana genes encoding AP2/ERF family transcription factors, and identified 45 out of 337 AP2/ERF genes in the clusters for INF1-induced genes. Among INF1-induced NbERF genes, silencing of NbERF-IX-33 compromised resistance against P. infestans and INF1-induced production of capsidiol. Recombinant NbERF-IX-33 protein can bind to the promoter sequence of NbEAS4, suggesting that NbERF-IX-33 is a transcription factor directly regulating the expression of genes for phytoalexin production.

    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.821574

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  6. Omnipresence of Partitiviruses in Rice Aggregate Sheath Spot Symptom-Associated Fungal Isolates from Paddies in Thailand Reviewed International coauthorship

    Sokty Neang, Santiti Bincader, Sansern Rangsuwan, Pisut Keawmanee, Soriya Rin, Lakha Salaipeth, Subha Das, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Ikuo Sato, Daigo Takemoto, Chainarong Rattanakreetakul, Ratiya Pongpisutta, Masao Arakawa, Sotaro Chiba

    Viruses   Vol. 13 ( 11 )   2021.11

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    DOI: 10.3390/v13112269

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  7. De novo Sequencing of Novel Mycoviruses From Fusarium sambucinum: An Attempt on Direct RNA Sequencing of Viral dsRNAs. Reviewed International coauthorship

    Yukiyoshi Mizutani, Kazuma Uesaka, Ayane Ota, Matteo Calassanzio, Claudio Ratti, Takamasa Suzuki, Fumihiro Fujimori, Sotaro Chiba

    Frontiers in microbiology   Vol. 12 ( 641484 ) page: 641484   2021.4

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    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.641484

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  8. Cryphonectria nitschkei chrysovirus 1 with unique molecular features and a very narrow host range Reviewed

    VIROLOGY   Vol. 554   page: 55 - 65   2021.2

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.11.011

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  9. Geographic Distribution, Genetic Variability and Biological Properties of Rice Orange Leaf Phytoplasma in Southeast Asia Reviewed International coauthorship

    Ong S, Jonson GB, Calassanzio M, Rin S, Chou C, Oi T, Chiba S.

    PATHOGENS   Vol. 10 ( 2 ) page: 1 - 14   2021.2

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020169

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  10. Pathogenetic roles of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA5 in the exacerbation of symptoms and yield reduction, development of scab-like symptoms, andRz1-resistance breaking in sugar beet Reviewed International coauthorship

    Tamada Tetsuo, Uchino Hirokatsu, Kusume Toshimi, Iketani-Saito Minako, Chiba Sotaro, Andika Ida Bagus, Kondo Hideki

    PLANT PATHOLOGY   Vol. 70 ( 1 ) page: 219 - 232   2021.1

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1111/ppa.13266

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  11. Reemerging Rice Orange Leaf Phytoplasma with Varying Symptoms Expressions and Its Transmission by a New Leafhopper Vector-Nephotettix virescens Distant Reviewed International coauthorship

    Jonson Gilda B., Matres Jerlie M., Ong Socheath, Tanaka Toshiharu, Choi Il-Ryong, Chiba Sotaro

    PATHOGENS   Vol. 9 ( 12 ) page: 1 - 13   2020.12

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9120990

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  12. Expression profiles of genes for enzymes involved in capsidiol production inNicotiana benthamiana Reviewed

    Rin Soriya, Imano Sayaka, Camagna Maurizio, Suzuki Takamasa, Tanaka Aiko, Sato Ikuo, Chiba Sotaro, Kawakita Kazuhito, Takemoto Daigo

    JOURNAL OF GENERAL PLANT PATHOLOGY   Vol. 86 ( 5 ) page: 340 - 349   2020.9

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1007/s10327-020-00931-5

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  13. Rice blast management in Cambodian rice fields using Trichoderma harzianum and a resistant variety Reviewed International coauthorship

    Chou Cheythyrith, Castilla Nancy, Hadi Buyung, Tanaka Toshiharu, Chiba Sotaro, Sato Ikuo

    CROP PROTECTION   Vol. 135   page: 104864   2020.9

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104864

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  14. In Vitro Assessment of Biocontrol Effects on Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol (DON) Accumulation by DON-Degrading Bacteria Reviewed

    Morimura Hiroyuki, Ito Michihiro, Yoshida Shigenobu, Koitabashi Motoo, Tsushima Seiya, Camagna Maurizio, Chiba Sotaro, Takemoto Daigo, Kawakita Kazuhito, Sato Ikuo

    TOXINS   Vol. 12 ( 6 ) page: 399   2020.6

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    DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060399

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  15. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Fusariviridae 2024 Reviewed International coauthorship

    Sotaro Chiba, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Leonardo Velasco, María A. Ayllón​, Shin-Yi Lee-Marzano, Liying Sun, Sead Sabanadzovic, Massimo Turina

    Journal of General Virology   Vol. 105 ( 4 ) page: 001973   2024.4

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    Authorship:Lead author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001973

  16. Restoration of the Functional nif Gene Cluster by Complex Recombination Events during Heterocyst Development in the Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacterium Calothrix sp. NIES-4101 Reviewed

    Kazuma Uesaka, Mari Banba, Sotaro Chiba, Yuichi Fujita

    Plant and Cell Physiology   Vol. pcae011   2024.2

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    DOI: doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcae011

  17. Induction of plant disease resistance by mixed oligosaccharide elicitors prepared from plant cell wall and crustacean shells Reviewed

    Pring S, Kato H, Imano S, Camagna M, Tanaka A, Kimoto H, Chen P, Shrotri A, Kobayashi H, Fukuoka A, Saito M, Suzuki T, Terauchi R, Sato I, Chiba S, Takemoto D

    Physiol Plant.   Vol. 175 ( e14052 )   2023.10

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    DOI: doi.org/10.1111/ppl.14052

  18. Botrytis cinereatolerates phytoalexins produced by Solanaceae and Fabaceae plants through an efflux transporter BcatrB and metabolizing enzymes Reviewed

    Bulasag AS, Camagna M, Kuroyanagi T, Ashida A, Ito K, Tanaka A, Sato I, Chiba S, Ojika M and Takemoto D

    Front. Plant Sci.   Vol. 14 ( 1177060 )   2023.6

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    DOI: doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1177060

  19. Draft genome sequences of Neofusicoccum parvum strains isolated from mango and rice-paper plant (Tetrapanax papyrifer) Reviewed

    Ashida A, Camagna M, Sato I, Chiba S, Tanaka A, Takemoto D.

    Microbiol Resour Announc   Vol. 12 ( e0025923 )   2023.5

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    DOI: doi.org/10.1128/mra.00259-23

  20. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hypoviridae 2023 Reviewed

    Sotaro Chiba​, Leonardo Velasco​, María A. Ayllón​, Nobuhiro Suzuki​, Shin-Yi Lee-Marzano​, Lying Sun​, Sead Sabanadzovic​, Massimo Turina​

    Journal of General Virology   Vol. 104 ( 5 ) page: 001848   2023.5

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    DOI: doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001848

  21. Leaf blight of rice-paper plant, Tetrapanax papyrifer, caused by Neofusicoccum parvum: A potential source of stem rot diseases of mango and grape. Reviewed

    Ashida A, Takushi T, Camagna M, Sato I, Chiba S, Takemoto D

    J. Gen. Plant Pathol.   Vol. 89   page: 179 - 184   2023.1

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    DOI: doi.org/10.1007/s10327-023-01116-6

  22. BcCPDH1 is involved in the detoxification of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin capsidiol, and specifically required for the pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea on Nicotiana species

    Kuroyanagi T., Ojika M., Suzuki T., Sato I., Chiba S., Kawakita K., Takemoto D.

    MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS   Vol. 32 ( 10 ) page: 40-40   2019.10

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  23. Mycoviruses infecting Fusarium species isolated from Ethiopian wheat fields and their potential association with hypovirulece of a Fusarium Head Bright fungus International coauthorship

    Mizutani Y., Adane A., Uesaka K., Kondo H., Suga H., Suzuki N., Chiba S.

    MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS   Vol. 32 ( 10 ) page: 24-25   2019.10

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  24. Solanaceae-specific secretory peptide SAR8.2m is essential for non-host resistance of Nicotiana benthamiana to a variety of taxonomically distant Phytophthora species.

    Imano S., Kondou Y., Shibata Y., Kondo T., Tanaka A., Sato I., Chiba S., Kageyama K., Kawakita K., Takemoto D.

    MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS   Vol. 32 ( 10 ) page: 108-108   2019.10

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  25. Three novel deoxynivalenol-degrading bacteria isolated from Poaceae planted soils in Japan.

    Morimura H., Chiba S., Takemoto D., Kawakita K., Sato I.

    MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS   Vol. 32 ( 10 ) page: 25-25   2019.10

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  26. Nicotiana benthamiana exportin 1 is required for elicitor-induced phytoalexin production, cell death induction, and resistance against potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans Reviewed

    Mizuno Yuri, Imano Sayaka, Camagna Maurizio, Suzuki Takamasa, Tanaka Aiko, Sato Ikuo, Chiba Sotaro, Kawakita Kazuhito, Takemoto Daigo

    JOURNAL OF GENERAL PLANT PATHOLOGY   Vol. 85 ( 5 ) page: 347-355   2019.9

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    DOI: 10.1007/s10327-019-00855-9

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  27. Two novel fungal negative-strand RNA viruses related to mymonaviruses and phenuiviruses in the shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) Reviewed

    Lin Yu-Hsin, Fujita Miki, Chiba Sotaro, Hyodo Kiwamu, Andika Ida Bagus, Suzuki Nobuhiro, Kondo Hideki

    VIROLOGY   Vol. 533   page: 125 - 136   2019.7

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.05.008

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  28. Nicotiana benthamiana RanBP1-1 Is Involved in the Induction of Disease Resistance via Regulation of Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Transport of Small GTPase Ran

    Mizuno Yuri, Ohtsu Mina, Shibata Yusuke, Tanaka Aiko, Camagna Maurizio, Ojika Makoto, Mori Hitoshi, Sato Ikuo, Chiba Sotaro, Kawakita Kazuhito, Takemoto Daigo

    FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE   Vol. 10   2019.3

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    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00222

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  29. A novel insect-infecting virga/nege-like virus group and its pervasive endogenization into insect genomes

    Kondo Hideki, Chiba Sotaro, Maruyama Kazuyuki, Andika Ida Bagus, Suzuki Nobuhiro

    VIRUS RESEARCH   Vol. 262   page: 37-47   2019.3

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.11.020

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  30. Nicotiana benthamiana exportin 1 is required for elicitor‑induced phytoalexin production, cell death induction, and resistance against potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans Reviewed International journal

    Mizuno Y, Imano S, Camagna M, Suzuki T, Tanaka A, Sato I, Chiba S, Kawakita K, Takemoto D

    J. Gen. Plant Pathol.   Vol. 85   page: 347 - 355   2019

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  31. Two novel fungal negative-strand RNA viruses related to mymonaviruses and phenuiviruses in the shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) Reviewed International journal

    Lin YH, Fujita M, Chiba S, Hyodo K, Andika IB, Suzuki N, Kondo H

    Virology   Vol. 533   page: 125 - 136   2019

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  32. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Quadriviridae

    Chiba Sotaro, Caston Jose R., Ghabrial Said A., Suzuki Nobuhiro

    JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY   Vol. 99 ( 11 ) page: 1480-1481   2018.11

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    DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001152

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  33. Novel Mitoviruses and a Unique Tymo-Like Virus in Hypovirulent and Virulent Strains of the Fusarium Head Blight Fungus, Fusarium boothii Reviewed International coauthorship

    Mizutani Yukiyoshi, Abraham Adane, Uesaka Kazuma, Kondo Hideki, Suga Haruhisa, Suzuki Nobuhiro, Chiba Sotaro

    VIRUSES   Vol. 10 ( 11 ) page: 584   2018.11

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    DOI: 10.3390/v10110584

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  34. Resistance to Phytophthora infestans: exploring genes required for disease resistance in Solanaceae plants

    Takemoto Daigo, Shibata Yusuke, Ojika Makoto, Mizuno Yuri, Imano Sayaka, Ohtsu Mina, Sato Ikuo, Chiba Sotaro, Kawakita Kazuhito, Rin Soriya, Camagna Maurizio

    JOURNAL OF GENERAL PLANT PATHOLOGY   Vol. 84 ( 5 ) page: 312-320   2018.9

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    DOI: 10.1007/s10327-018-0801-8

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  35. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Partitiviridae

    Vainio Eeva J., Chiba Sotaro, Ghabrial Said A., Maiss Edgar, Roossinck Marilyn, Sabanadzovic Sead, Suzuki Nobuhiro, Xie Jiatao, Nibert Max

    JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY   Vol. 99 ( 1 ) page: 17-18   2018.1

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    DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000985

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  36. First Evidence for Internal Ribosomal Entry Sites in Diverse Fungal Virus Genomes

    Chiba Sotaro, Jamal Atif, Suzuki Nobuhiro

    MBIO   Vol. 9 ( 2 )   2018

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    DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02350-17

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  37. Rice productivity improvement in Cambodia through the application of technical recommendation in a farmer field school

    Chhay Ngin, Seng Suon, Tanaka Toshiharu, Yamauchi Akira, Cedicol Editha C., Kawakita Kazuhito, Chiba Sotaro

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY   Vol. 15 ( 1 ) page: 54-69   2017.2

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    DOI: 10.1080/14735903.2016.1174811

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  38. EIN2-mediated signaling is involved in pre-invasion defense in Nicotiana benthamiana against potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans

    Rin Soriya, Mizuno Yuri, Shibata Yusuke, Fushimi Mayuka, Katou Shinpei, Sato Ikuo, Chiba Sotaro, Kawakita Kazuhito, Takemoto Daigo

    PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR   Vol. 12 ( 4 )   2017

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    DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1300733

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  39. Impact of Insecticide Applications on Arthropod Predators and Plant Feeders in Cambodian Rice Fields Reviewed

    Ngin Chhay, Suon Seng, Tanaka Toshiharu, Yamauchi Akira, Kawakita Kazuhito, Chiba Sotaro

    PHYTOBIOMES JOURNAL   Vol. 1 ( 3 ) page: 128-137   2017

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1094/PBIOMES-01-17-0002-R

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  40. Effects of mechanical defoliation and detillering at different growth stages on rice yield in dry season in Cambodia. Reviewed International journal

    Ngin C, Suon S, Tanaka T, Yamauchi A, Kawakita K, Chiba S

    Int J Agric Environ Res.   Vol. 3   page: 3452 - 3470   2017

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  41. A novel betapartitivirus RnPV6 from Rosellinia necatrix tolerates host RNA silencing but is interfered by its defective RNAs Reviewed International journal

    Sotaro Chiba, Yu-Hsin Lin, Hideki Kondo, Satoko Kanematsu, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    VIRUS RESEARCH   Vol. 219   page: 62 - 72   2016.7

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    The family Partitiviridae comprises of five genera with bi-segmented dsRNA genomes that accommodate members infecting plants, fungi or protists. All partitiviruses with only a few exceptions cause asymptomatic infections. We report the characterization of a novel betapartitivirus termed Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 6 (RnPV6) from a field isolate of a plant pathogenic fungus, white root rot fungus. RnPV6 has typical partitivirus features: dsRNA1 and dsRNA2 are 2462 and 2499 bps in length encoding RNA dependent RNA polymerase and capsid protein. Purified particles are spherical with a diameter of 30 nm. Taking advantage of infectivity as virions, RnPV6 was introduced into a model filamentous fungal host, chestnut blight fungus to investigate virus/host interactions. Unlike other partitiviruses tested previously, RnPV6 induced profound phenotypic alterations with symptoms characterized by a reduced growth rate and enhanced pigmentation and was tolerant to host RNA silencing. In addition, a variety of defective RNAs derived from dsRNA1 appear after virion transfection. These sub-viral RNAs were shown to interfere with RnPV6 replication, at least for that of cognate segment dsRNA1. Presence of these sub-viral elements resulted in reduced symptom expression by RnPV6, suggesting their nature as defective-interfering RNAs. The features of RnPV6 are similar to but distinct from those of a previously reported alphapartitivirus, Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 2 that is susceptible to RNA silencing. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.10.017

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  42. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of novel totivirus-like double-stranded RNAs from field-collected powdery mildew fungi. Reviewed International journal

    Kondo H, Hisano S, Chiba S, Maruyama K, Andika IB, Toyoda K, Fujimori F, Suzuki N

    Virus research   Vol. 219   page: 39 - 50   2016.7

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  43. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of novel totivirus-like double-stranded RNAs from field-collected powdery mildew fungi Reviewed International journal

    Hideki Kondo, Sakae Hisano, Sotaro Chiba, Kazuyuki Maruyama, Ida Bagus Andika, Kazuhiro Toyoda, Fumihiro Fujimori, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    VIRUS RESEARCH   Vol. 213   page: 353 - 364   2016.2

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    The identification of mycoviruses contributes greatly to understanding of the diversity and evolutionary aspects of viruses. Powdery mildew fungi are important and widely studied obligate phytopathogenic agents, but there has been no report on mycoviruses infecting these fungi. In this study, we used a deep sequencing approach to analyze the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments isolated from field collected samples of powdery mildew fungus-infected red clover plants in Japan. Database searches identified the presence of at least ten totivirus (genus Totivirus)-like sequences, termed red clover powdery mildew-associated totiviruses (RPaTVs). The majority of these sequences shared moderate amino acid sequence identity with each other (&lt;44%) and with other known totiviruses (&lt;59%). Nine of these identified sequences (RPaTV1a, 1b and 2-8) resembled the genome of the prototype totivirus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus-L-A (ScV-L-A) in that they contained two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) encoding a putative coat protein (CP) and an RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), while one sequence (RPaTV9) showed similarity to another totivirus, Ustilago maydis virus H1 (UmV-H1) that encodes a single polyprotein (CP-RdRp fusion). Similar to yeast totiviruses, each ScV-L-A-like RPaTV contains a-1 ribosomal frameshift site downstream of a predicted pseudoknot structure in the overlapping region of these ORFs, suggesting that the RdRp is translated as a CP-RdRp fusion. Moreover, several ScV-L-A-like sequences were also found by searches of the transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) libraries from rust fungi, plants and insects. Phylogenetic analyses show that nine ScV-L-A-like RPaTVs along with ScV-L-A-like sequences derived from TSA libraries are clustered with most established members of the genus Totivirus, while one RPaTV forms a new distinct Glade with UmV-H1, possibly establishing an additional genus in the family. Taken together, our results indicate the presence of diverse, novel totiviruses in the powdery mildew fungus populations infecting red clover plants in the field. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.11.015

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  44. Genetic diversity of beet necrotic yellow vein virus Reviewed International journal

    Tetsuo Tamada, Hideki Kondo, Sotaro Chiba

    Rhizomania     page: 109 - 131   2016.1

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    Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is a member of the genus Benyvirus in the family Benyviridae with multipartite positive-sense single-stranded RNA genomes encapsidated in rigid rod-shaped particles. The members of Benyvirus including four species are similar to those of the family Virgaviridae, in respect of viral particle assembly, movement, and plasmodiophorid transmissibility. Recent studies revealed that ancestors and/or relatives of benyviruses may have infected a wide range of hosts such as plants, insects, algae, and fungi. For phylogenetic analyses of BNYVV genes, worldwide BNYVV isolates form four clades, A-I, A-II, A-III, and B, from which at least ten subgroup isolates (strains) have derived. These original BNYVV types and their progeny strains might have existed in East Asia, and each source had introduced infection to cultivated sugar beet plants and might have spread worldwide only in the last half century. Along with the growth of resistant varieties in rhizomania-infested areas since the 1980s, strong selection pressure has been imposed on the RNA3-encoded p25 gene, and, consequently, resistance-breaking variants that have single amino acid changes in the p25 protein have been generated. RNA5-encoded p26 gene is also associated with resistance breaking as well as symptom severity in sugar beet roots.

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  45. Vigorous induction of dicer-like 2 gene by a virus interferes with an unrelated virus in the model phytopathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. Invited International journal

    Chiba S, Suzuki N

    PSJ Plant Virus Disease Workshop Report   Vol. 12   page: 51 - 57   2016

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  46. Highly activated RNA silencing via strong induction of dicer by one virus can interfere with the replication of an unrelated virus Reviewed International journal

    Sotaro Chiba, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA   Vol. 112 ( 35 ) page: E4911 - E4918   2015.9

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    Viruses often coinfect single host organisms in nature. Depending on the combination of viruses in such coinfections, the interplay between them may be synergistic, apparently neutral with no effect on each other, or antagonistic. RNA silencing is responsible for many cases of interference or cross-protection between viruses, but such antagonistic interactions are usually restricted to closely related strains of the same viral species. In this study, we present an unprecedented example of RNA silencing-mediated one-way interference between unrelated viruses in a filamentous model fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica. The replication of Rosellinia necatrix victorivirus 1 (RnVV1; Totiviridae) was strongly impaired by coinfection with the prototypic member of the genus Mycoreovirus (MyRV1) or a mutant of the prototype hypovirus (Cryphonectria hypovirus 1, CHV1) lacking the RNA silencing suppressor (CHV1-Delta p69). This interference was associated with marked transcriptional induction of key genes in antiviral RNA silencing, dicer-like 2 (dcl2) and argonaute-like 2 (agl2), following MyRV1 or CHV1-Delta p69 infection. Interestingly, the inhibition of RnVV1 replication was reproduced when the levels of dcl2 and agl2 transcripts were elevated by transgenic expression of a hairpin construct of an endogenous C. parasitica gene. Disruption of dcl2 completely abolished the interference, whereas that of agl2 did not always lead to its abolishment, suggesting more crucial roles of dcl2 in antiviral defense. Taken altogether, these results demonstrated the susceptible nature of RnVV1 to the antiviral silencing in C. parasitica activated by distinct viruses or transgene-derived double-stranded RNAs and provide insight into the potential for broad-spectrum virus control mediated by RNA silencing.

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  47. Cymbidium chlorotic mosaic virus, a new sobemovirus isolated from a spring orchid (Cymbidium goeringii) in Japan Reviewed International journal

    Hideki Kondo, Shogo Takemoto, Kazuyuki Maruyama, Sotaro Chiba, Ida Bagus Andika, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY   Vol. 160 ( 8 ) page: 2099 - 2104   2015.8

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    Cymbidium chlorotic mosaic virus (CyCMV), isolated from a spring orchid (Cymbidium goeringii), was characterized molecularly. CyCMV isometric virions comprise a single, positive-strand RNA genome of 4,083 nucleotides and 30-kDa coat protein. The virus genome contains five overlapping open reading frames with a genomic organization similar to that of sobemoviruses. BLAST searches and phylogenetic analysis revealed that CyCMV is most closely related to papaya lethal yellowing virus, a proposed dicot-infecting sobemovirus (58.8 % nucleotide sequence identity), but has a relatively distant relationship to monocot-infecting sobemoviruses, with only modest sequence identities. This suggests that CyCMV is a new monocot-infecting member of the floating genus Sobemovirus.

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  48. The chestnut blight fungus for studies on virus/host and virus/virus interactions: From a natural to a model host Reviewed International journal

    Ana Eusebio-Cope, Liying Sun, Toru Tanaka, Sotaro Chiba, Shin Kasahara, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    VIROLOGY   Vol. 477   page: 164 - 175   2015.3

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    The chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, is an important plant pathogenic ascomycete. The fungus hosts a wide range of viruses and now has been established as a model filamentous fungus for studying virus/host and virus/virus interactions. This is based on the development of methods for artificial virus introduction and elimination, host genome manipulability, available host genome sequence with annotations, host mutant strains, and molecular tools. Molecular tools include subcellular distribution markers, gene expression reporters, and vectors with regulatable promoters that have been long available for unicellular organisms, cultured cells, individuals of animals and plants, and certain filamentous fungi. A comparison with other filamentous fungi such as Neurospora crassa has been made to establish clear advantages and disadvantages of C parasitica as a virus host. In addition, a few recent studies on RNA silencing vs. viruses in this fungus are introduced. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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  49. Detection and analysis of non-retroviral RNA virus-like elements in plant, fungal, and insect genomes. Reviewed International journal

    Hideki Kondo, Sotaro Chiba, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)   Vol. 1236   page: 73 - 88   2015

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    Endogenous non-retroviral RNA like sequences (NRVSs) have been discovered in the genome of a wide range of eukaryotes. These are considered as fossil RNA viral elements integrated into host genomes by as-yet-known mechanisms, and in many cases, those fossils are estimated to be millions-of-years-old. It is likely that the number of NRVS records will increase rapidly due to the growing availability of whole-genome sequences for many kinds of eukaryotes. Discovery of the novel NRVSs and understanding of their phylogenetic relationship with modern viral relatives provide important information on deep evolutionary history of RNA virus-host interactions. In this chapter, therefore, the common strategies for the identification and characterization of endogenous NRVSs from plants, insects, and fungi are described.

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  50. A novel single-stranded RNA virus isolated from a phytopathogenic filamentous fungus, Rosellinia necatrix, with similarity to hypo-like viruses Reviewed International journal

    Rui Zhang, Shengxue Liu, Sotaro Chiba, Hideki Kondo, Satoko Kanematsu, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY   Vol. 5   page: 360   2014.7

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    Here we report a biological and molecular characterization of a novel positive-sense RNA virus isolated from a field isolate (NW10) of a filamentous phytopathogenic fungus, the white root rot fungus that is designated as Rosellinia necatrix fusarivirus 1 (RnFV1). A recently developed technology using zinc ions allowed us to transfer RnFV1 to two mycelially incompatible Rosellinia necatrix strains. A biological comparison of the virus-free and -recipient isogenic fungal strains suggested that RnFV1 infects latently and thus has no potential as a virocontrol agent. The virus has an undivided positive-sense RNA genome of 6286 nucleotides excluding a poly (A) tail. The genome possesses two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs): a large ORF1 that encodes polypeptides with RNA replication functions and a smaller ORF2 that encodes polypeptides of unknown function. A lack of coat protein genes was suggested by the failure of virus particles from infected mycelia. No evidence was obtained by Northern analysis or classical 5'-RACE for the presence of subgenomic RNA for the downstream ORE Sequence similarities were found in amino-acid sequence between RnFV1 putative proteins and counterparts of a previously reported mycovirus, Fusarium graminearum virus 1 (FgV1). Interestingly, several related sequences were detected by BLAST searches of independent transcriptome assembly databases one of which probably represents an entire virus genome. Phylogenetic analysis based on the conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase showed that RnFV1, FgV1, and these similar sequences are grouped in a cluster distinct from distantly related hypoviruses. It is proposed that a new taxonomic family termed Fusariviridae be created to include RnFV1 and FgV1.

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  51. Biological properties and expression strategy of rosellinia necatrix megabirnavirus 1 analysed in an experimental host, Cryphonectria parasitica Reviewed International journal

    Lakha Salaipeth, Sotaro Chiba, Ana Eusebio-Cope, Satoko Kanematsu, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY   Vol. 95 ( Pt 3 ) page: 740 - 750   2014.3

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    Rosellinia necatrix megabirnavirus 1 (RnMBV1) with a bipartite dsRNA genome (dsRNA1 and dsRNA2) confers hypovirulence to its natural host, the white root rot fungus, and is thus regarded as a potential virocontrol (biocontrol) agent. Each segment has two large ORFs: ORF1 and partially overlapping ORF2 on dsRNA1 encode the major capsid protein (CP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), whilst ORF3 and ORF4 on dsRNA2 encode polypeptides with unknown functions. Here, we report the biological and molecular characterization of this virus in the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, a filamentous fungus that has been used as a model for mycovirus research. Transfection with purified RnMBV1 particles into an RNA-silencing-defective strain (Delta dcl-2) of C. parasitica and subsequent anastomosis with the WT strain (EP155) resulted in stable persistent infection in both host strains. However, accumulation levels in the two strains were different, being similar to 20-fold higher in Delta dcl-2 than in EP155. Intriguingly, whilst RnMBV1 reduced both virulence and growth rate in Delta dcl-2, it attenuated virulence without affecting significantly other traits in EP155. Western blot analysis using antiserum against recombinant proteins encoded by either ORF1 or ORF2 demonstrated the presence of a 250 kDa protein in purified virion preparations, suggesting that RdRp is expressed as a CP fusion product via a - 1 frameshift. Antiserum against the ORF3-encoded protein allowed the detection of 150, 30 and 23 kDa polypeptides specifically in RnMBV1-infected mycelia. Some properties of an RnMBV1 mutant with genome rearrangements, which occurred after transfection of Delta dcl-2 and EP155, were also presented. This study provides an additional example of C. parasitica serving as a versatile, heterologous fungus for exploring virus host interactions and virus gene expression strategies.

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  52. Transcriptional mapping of the messenger and leader RNAs of orchid fleck virus, a bisegmented negative-strand RNA virus Reviewed International journal

    Hideki Kondo, Kazuyuki Maruyama, Sotaro Chiba, Ida Bagus Andika, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    VIROLOGY   Vol. 452   page: 166 - 174   2014.3

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    The transcriptional strategy of orchid fleck virus (OFV), which has a two-segmented negative-strand RNA genome and resembles plant nucleorhabdoviruses, remains unexplored. In this study, the transcripts of six genes encoded by OFV RNA1 and RNA2 in the poly(A)-enriched RNA fraction from infected plants were molecularly characterized. All of the OFV mRNAs were initiated at a start sequence 3'-UU-5' with one to three non-viral adenine nucleotides which were added at the 5' end of each mRNA, whereas their 3' termini ended with a 5'-AUUUAAA(U/G)AAAA(A)n-3' sequence. We also identified the presence of polyadenylated short transcripts derived from the 3'-terminal leader regions of both genomic and antigenomic strands, providing the first example of plus- and minus-strand leader RNAs in a segmented minus-strand RNA virus. The similarity in the transcriptional strategy between this bipartite OFV and monopartite rhabdoviruses, especially nucleorhabdoviruses (family Rhabdoviridae) is additional support for their close relationship. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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  53. Complete genome sequence of Habenaria mosaic virus, a new potyvirus infecting a terrestrial orchid (Habenaria radiata) in Japan Reviewed International journal

    Hideki Kondo, Takanori Maeda, I. Wayan Gara, Sotaro Chiba, Kazuyuki Maruyama, Tetsuo Tamada, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY   Vol. 159 ( 1 ) page: 163 - 166   2014.1

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    The complete genomic sequence of Habenaria mosaic virus (HaMV), which infects terrestrial orchids (Habenaria radiata), has been determined. The genome is composed of 9,499 nucleotides excluding the 3'-terminal poly(A) tail, encoding a large polyprotein of 3,054 amino acids with the genomic features typical of a potyvirus. Putative proteolytic cleavage sites were identified by sequence comparison to those of known potyviruses. The HaMV polyprotein showed 58 % amino acid sequence identity to that encoded by the most closely related potyvirus, tobacco vein banding mosaic virus. Phylogenetic analysis of the polyprotein amino acid sequence and its coding sequences confirmed that HaMV formed a cluster with the chilli veinal mottle virus group, most of which infect solanaceous plants. These results suggest that HaMV is a distinct member of the genus Potyvirus.

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  54. [Diverse double-stranded RNA viruses infecting fungi]. Reviewed International journal

    Chiba S, Suzuki N

    Uirusu   Vol. 64 ( 2 ) page: 225 - 238   2014

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  55. Characterization of burdock mottle virus, a novel member of the genus Benyvirus, and the identification of benyvirus-related sequences in the plant and insect genomes Reviewed International journal

    Hideki Kondo, Shuichi Hirano, Sotaro Chiba, Ida Bagus Andika, Makoto Hirai, Takanori Maeda, Tetsuo Tamada

    Virus Research   Vol. 177 ( 1 ) page: 75 - 86   2013.10

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    The complete nucleotide sequence of the burdock mottle virus (BdMoV) isolated from an edible burdock plant ( Arctium lappa) in Japan has been determined. BdMoV has a bipartite genome, whose organization is similar to RNA1 and RNA2 of benyviruses, beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), beet soil-borne mosaic virus (BSBMV), and rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV). BdMoV RNA1 (7038 nt) contains a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 249-kDa polypeptide that consists of methyl-transferase, helicase, papain-like protease, AlkB-like, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains. The AlkB-like domain sequence is not present in the proteins encoded by other known benyviruses, but is found in replication-associated proteins of viruses mainly belonging to the families Alfaflexiviridae and Betaflexiviridae. BdMoV RNA2 (4315 nt) contains six ORFs that are similar to those of benyviruses: these are coat protein (CP), CP readthrough, triple gene block movement and cysteine-rich proteins. Phylogenetic analyses showed that BdMoV is more closely related to BNYVV and BSBMV than to RSNV. Database searches showed that benyvirus replicase-related sequences are present in the chromosomes of a chickpea plant ( Cicer arietinum) and a blood-sucking insect ( Rhodnius prolixus). Some other benyvirus-related sequences are found in the transcriptome shotgun libraries of a few species of plants and a bark beetle. Our results show that BdMoV is a distinct species of the genus Benyvirus and that ancestral and extant benyviruses may have infected or currently infect a wide range of hosts, including plants and insects. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

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  56. Orchid fleck virus structural proteins N and P form intranuclear viroplasm like structures in the absence of viral infection Reviewed International journal

    Hideki Kondo, Sotaro Chiba, Ida Bagus Andika, Kazuyuki Maruyama, Tetsuo Tamada, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    Journal of Virology   Vol. 87 ( 13 ) page: 7423 - 7434   2013.7

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    Orchid fleck virus (OFV) has a unique two-segmented negative-sense RNA genome that resembles that of plant nucleorhabdoviruses. In infected plant cells, OFV and nucleorhabdoviruses induce an intranuclear electron-lucent viroplasm that is believed to be the site for virus replication. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which OFV viroplasms are produced in vivo. Among OFV-encoded proteins, the nucleocapsid protein (N) and the putative phosphoprotein (P) were present in nuclear fractions of OFV-infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Transient coexpression of N and P, in the absence of virus infection, was shown to be sufficient for formation of an intranuclear viroplasm-like structure in plant cells. When expressed independently as a fluorescent protein fusion product in uninfected plant cells, N protein accumulated throughout the cell, while P protein accumulated in the nucleus. However, the N protein, when coexpressed with P, was recruited to a subnuclear region to induce a large viroplasm-like focus. Deletion and substitution mutagenesis demonstrated that the P protein contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS). Artificial nuclear targeting of the N-protein mutant was insufficient for formation of viroplasm-like structures in the absence of P. A bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay confirmed interactions between the N and P proteins within subnuclear viroplasm-like foci and interactions of two of the N. benthamiana importin-α homologues with the P protein but not with the N protein. Taken together, our results suggest that viroplasm formation by OFV requires nuclear accumulation of both the N and P proteins, which is mediated by P-NLS, unlike nucleorhabdovirus viroplasm utilizing the NLS on protein N. © 2013, American Society for Microbiology.

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  57. A Novel Victorivirus from a Phytopathogenic Fungus, Rosellinia necatrix, Is Infectious as Particles and Targeted by RNA Silencing Reviewed International journal

    Sotaro Chiba, Yu-Hsin Lin, Hideki Kondo, Satoko Kanematsu, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY   Vol. 87 ( 12 ) page: 6727 - 6738   2013.6

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    A novel victorivirus, termed Rosellinia necatrix victorivirus 1 (RnVV1), was isolated from a plant pathogenic ascomycete, white root rot fungus Rosellinia necatrix, coinfected with a partitivirus. The virus was molecularly and biologically characterized using the natural and experimental hosts (chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica). RnVV1 was shown to have typical molecular victorivirus attributes, including a monopartite double-stranded RNA genome with two open reading frames (ORFs) encoding capsid protein (CP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a UAAUG pentamer presumed to facilitate the coupled termination/reinitiation for translation of the two ORFs, a spherical particle structure similar to 40 nm in diameter, and moderate levels of CP and RdRp sequence identity (34 to 58%) to those of members of the genus Victorivirus within the family Totiviridae. A reproducible transfection system with purified RnVV1 virions was developed for the two distinct fungal hosts. Transfection assay with purified RnVV1 virions combined with virus elimination by hyphal tipping showed that the effects of RnVV1 on the phenotype of the natural host were negligible. Interestingly, comparison of the RNA silencing-competent (standard strain EP155) and -defective (Delta dcl-2) strains of C. parasitica infected with RnVV1 showed that RNA silencing acted against the virus to repress its replication, which was restored by coinfection with hypovirus or transgenic expression of an RNA silencing suppressor, hypovirus p29. Phenotypic changes were observed in the Delta dcl-2 strain but not in EP155. This is the first reported study on the host range expansion of a Totiviridae member that is targeted by RNA silencing.

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  58. Effects of Defective Interfering RNA on Symptom Induction by, and Replication of, a Novel Partitivirus from a Phytopathogenic Fungus, Rosellinia necatrix Reviewed International journal

    Sotaro Chiba, Yu-Hsin Lin, Hideki Kondo, Satoko Kanematsu, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY   Vol. 87 ( 4 ) page: 2330 - 2341   2013.2

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    A novel mycovirus termed Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 2 (RnPV2), isolated from a phytopathogenic fungus, Rosellinina necatrix strain W57, was molecularly and biologically characterized in both natural and experimental host fungi. Three double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments, dsRNA1, dsRNA2, and defective interfering dsRNA1 (DI-dsRNA1), whose sizes were approximately 2.0, 1.8, and 1.7 kbp, respectively, were detected in W57. While the dsRNA2 sequence, encoding the coat protein, was reported previously, dsRNA1 and DI-dsRNA1 were shown to encode competent and defective (truncated) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, respectively. Artificial introduction of RnPV2 into an RNA silencing-defective, Dicer-like 2 knockout mutant (Delta dcl-2) of a nonnatural host, Cryphonectria parasitica (chestnut blight fungus), resulted in successful infection by the DI-dsRNA1-carrying and -free RnPV2. The DI-dsRNA1-free RnPV2 strain was characterized by a higher ratio of accumulation of the intact dsRNA1 to dsRNA2, enhanced replication and severer symptom expression, compared with the DI-carrying strain. These findings confirmed the nature of DI-dsRNA1 as a DI-RNA. Both viral strains replicated to higher levels in a Delta dcl-2 mutant than in a wild-type C. parasitica fungal strain (EP155) and induced severe symptoms in the Delta dcl-2 mutant but subtle symptoms in EP155, indicating that the host RNA silencing targets the partitivirus. No obvious phenotypic effects of infection by either virus strain were detected in the natural host fungus. These combined results represent the first example of a partitivirus with DI-RNA that alters viral symptom induction in a host-dependent manner.

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  59. The Benyvirus RNA Silencing Suppressor Is Essential for Long-Distance Movement, Requires Both Zinc-Finger and NoLS Basic Residues but Not a Nucleolar Localization for Its Silencing-Suppression Activity Reviewed International journal

    Sotaro Chiba, Kamal Hleibieh, Alice Delbianco, Elodie Klein, Claudio Ratti, Veronique Ziegler-Graff, Salah Bouzoubaa, David Gilmer

    MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS   Vol. 26 ( 2 ) page: 168 - 181   2013.2

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    The RNA silencing-suppression properties of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and Beet soil-borne mosaic virus (BSBMV) cysteine-rich p14 proteins have been investigated. Suppression of RNA silencing activities were made evident using viral infection of silenced Nicotiana benthamiana 16C, N. benthamiana agroinfiltrated with green fluorescent protein (GFP), and GF-FG hairpin triggers supplemented with viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) constructs or using complementation of a silencing-suppressor-defective BNYVV virus in Chenopodium quinoa. Northern blot analyses of small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in agroinfiltration tests revealed reduced amounts of siRNA, especially secondary siRNA, suggesting that benyvirus VSR act downstream of the siRNA production. Using confocal laser-scanning microscopy imaging of infected protoplasts expressing functional p14 protein fused to an enhanced GFP reporter, we showed that benyvirus p14 accumulated in the nucleolus and the cytoplasm independently of other viral factors. Site-directed mutagenesis showed the importance of the nucleolar localization signal embedded in a C4 zinc-finger domain in the VSR function and intrinsic stability of the p14 protein. Conversely, RNA silencing suppression appeared independent of the nucleolar localization of the protein, and a correlation between BNYVV VSR expression and long-distance movement was established.

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  60. Evidence for negative-strand RNA virus infection in fungi Reviewed International journal

    Hideki Kondo, Sotaro Chiba, Kazuhiro Toyoda, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    Virology   Vol. 435 ( 2 ) page: 201 - 209   2013.1

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    Fungal viruses comprise two groups: a major group of five families with double-stranded RNA genomes and a minor group with positive-sense single-stranded (ss)RNA genomes. Although many fungal viruses have been identified, no negative-stranded (-)ssRNA mycoviruses have been reported. Here we present two lines of evidence suggesting the presence of (-)ssRNA viruses in filamentous fungi based on an exhaustive search using extant (-)ssRNA viruses as queries. This revealed (-)ssRNA virus L protein-like sequences in the genome of a phytopathogenic obligate ascomycete, Erysiphe pisi. A similar search for (-)ssRNA viruses in fungal transcriptome shotgun assembly libraries demonstrated that two independent libraries from Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, another phytopathogenic ascomycete, contained several sequences considered to correspond to the entire mononegavirus L gene and likely originating from an infecting (-)ssRNA virus. These results provide strong evidence for both ancient and extant (-)ssRNA virus infections in fungi. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.

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  61. A novel quadripartite dsRNA virus isolated from a phytopathogenic filamentous fungus, Rosellinia necatrix Reviewed International journal

    Yu-Hsin Lin, Sotaro Chiba, Akio Tani, Hideki Kondo, Atsuko Sasaki, Satoko Kanematsu, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    VIROLOGY   Vol. 426 ( 1 ) page: 42 - 50   2012.4

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

    Here we report the biological and molecular attributes of a novel dsRNA virus isolated from Rosellinia necatrix, a filamentous phytopathogenic fungus. The virus, termed Rosellinia necatrix quadrivirus 1 (RnQV1), forms rigid spherical particles approximately 45 nm in diameter in infected mycelia. The particles contain 4 dsRNA segments, dsRNA1 to dsRNA4, with a size range of 4.9 to 3.7 kbp, each possessing a single large ORF. A comparison of the virus-infected and -cured isogenic fungal strains suggested that RnQV1 infection has no appreciable phenotypic effects. Phylogenetic analysis using the dsRNA3-encoded RdRp sequence revealed that RnQV1 is more distantly related to quadripartite chrysoviruses than to monopartite totiviruses, and is placed in a distinct group from other mycoviruses. No significant sequence similarities were evident between known proteins and RnQV1 structural proteins shown to be encoded by dsRNA2 or dsRNA4. These suggest that RnQV1 is a novel latent virus, belonging to a new family. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.01.013

    Web of Science

    PubMed

  62. Widespread Endogenization of Genome Sequences of Non-Retroviral RNA Viruses into Plant Genomes Reviewed International journal

    Sotaro Chiba, Hideki Kondo, Akio Tani, Daisuke Saisho, Wataru Sakamoto, Satoko Kanematsu, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    PLOS PATHOGENS   Vol. 7 ( 7 )   2011.7

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

    Non-retroviral RNA virus sequences (NRVSs) have been found in the chromosomes of vertebrates and fungi, but not plants. Here we report similarly endogenized NRVSs derived from plus-, negative-, and double-stranded RNA viruses in plant chromosomes. These sequences were found by searching public genomic sequence databases, and, importantly, most NRVSs were subsequently detected by direct molecular analyses of plant DNAs. The most widespread NRVSs were related to the coat protein (CP) genes of the family Partitiviridae which have bisegmented dsRNA genomes, and included plant-and fungus-infecting members. The CP of a novel fungal virus (Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 2, RnPV2) had the greatest sequence similarity to Arabidopsis thaliana ILR2, which is thought to regulate the activities of the phytohormone auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Furthermore, partitivirus CP-like sequences much more closely related to plant partitiviruses than to RnPV2 were identified in a wide range of plant species. In addition, the nucleocapsid protein genes of cytorhabdoviruses and varicosaviruses were found in species of over 9 plant families, including Brassicaceae and Solanaceae. A replicase-like sequence of a betaflexivirus was identified in the cucumber genome. The pattern of occurrence of NRVSs and the phylogenetic analyses of NRVSs and related viruses indicate that multiple independent integrations into many plant lineages may have occurred. For example, one of the NRVSs was retained in Ar. thaliana but not in Ar. lyrata or other related Camelina species, whereas another NRVS displayed the reverse pattern. Our study has shown that single-and double-stranded RNA viral sequences are widespread in plant genomes, and shows the potential of genome integrated NRVSs to contribute to resolve unclear phylogenetic relationships of plant species.

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002146

    Web of Science

  63. The Evolutionary History of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus Deduced from Genetic Variation, Geographical Origin and Spread, and the Breaking of Host Resistance Reviewed International journal

    Soutaro Chiba, Hideki Kondo, Masaki Miyanishi, Ida Bagus Andika, Chenggui Han, Tetsuo Tamada

    MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS   Vol. 24 ( 2 ) page: 207 - 218   2011.2

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC  

    Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is an economically important pathogen of sugar beet and has been found worldwide, probably as the result of recent worldwide spread. The BNYVV genome consists of four or five RNA components. Here, we report analysis of sequence variation in the RNA3-p25, RNA4-p31, RNA2-CP, and RNA5-p26 genes of 73 worldwide isolates. The RNA3-p25 gene encodes virulence and avirulence factors. These four sets of gene sequences each fell into two to four groups, of which the three groups of p25 formed eight subgroups with different geographical distributions. Each of these subgroup isolates (strains) could have arisen from four original BNYVV population and their mixed infections. The genetic diversity for BNYVV was relatively small. Selection pressure varied greatly depending on the BNYVV gene and geographical location. Isolates of the Italy strain, in which p25 was subject to the strongest positive selection, were able to overcome the Rz1-host resistance gene to differing degrees, whereas other geographically limited strains could not. Resistance-breaking variants were generated by p25 amino acid changes at positions 67 and 68. Our studies suggest that BNYVV originally evolved in East Asia and has recently become a pathogen of cultivated sugar beet followed by the emergence of new resistance-breaking variants.

    DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-10-10-0241

    Web of Science

  64. [Mycoviruses and virocontrol]. Reviewed International journal

    Chiba S, Kondo H, Kanematsu S, Suzuki N

    Uirusu   Vol. 60 ( 2 ) page: 163 - 176   2010.12

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.2222/jsv.60.163

    PubMed

  65. A Novel Bipartite Double-Stranded RNA Mycovirus from the White Root Rot Fungus Rosellinia necatrix: Molecular and Biological Characterization, Taxonomic Considerations, and Potential for Biological Control Reviewed International journal

    Sotaro Chiba, Lakha Salaipeth, Yu-Hsin Lin, Atsuko Sasaki, Satoko Kanematsu, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY   Vol. 83 ( 24 ) page: 12801 - 12812   2009.12

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY  

    White root rot, caused by the ascomycete Rosellinia necatrix, is a devastating disease worldwide, particularly in fruit trees in Japan. Here we report on the biological and molecular properties of a novel bipartite double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus encompassing dsRNA-1 (8,931 bp) and dsRNA-2 (7,180 bp), which was isolated from a field strain of R. necatrix, W779. Besides the strictly conserved 5&apos; (24 nt) and 3&apos; (8 nt) terminal sequences, both segments show high levels of sequence similarity in the long 5&apos; untranslated region of approximately 1.6 kbp. dsRNA-1 and -2 each possess two open reading frames (ORFs) named ORF1 to -4. Although the protein encoded by 3&apos;-proximal ORF2 on dsRNA-1 shows sequence identities of 22 to 32% with RNA-dependent RNA polymerases from members of the families Totiviridae and Chrysoviridae, the remaining three virus-encoded proteins lack sequence similarities with any reported mycovirus proteins. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the W779 virus belongs to a separate clade distinct from those of other known mycoviruses. Purified virions similar to 50 nm in diameter consisted of dsRNA-1 and -2 and a single major capsid protein of 135 kDa, which was shown by peptide mass fingerprinting to be encoded by dsRNA-1 ORF1. We developed a transfection protocol using purified virions to show that the virus was responsible for reduction of virulence and mycelial growth in several host strains. These combined results indicate that the W779 virus is a novel bipartite dsRNA virus with potential for biological control (virocontrol), named Rosellinia necatrix megabirna-virus 1 (RnMBV1), that possibly belongs to a new virus family.

    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01830-09

    Web of Science

    PubMed

  66. Coupled termination/reinitiation for translation of the downstream open reading frame B of the prototypic hypovirus CHV1-EP713 Reviewed International journal

    Li-hua Guo, Liying Sun, Sotaro Chiba, Hiroyuki Araki, Nobuhiro Suzuki

    NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH   Vol. 37 ( 11 ) page: 3645 - 3659   2009.6

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:OXFORD UNIV PRESS  

    Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1), associated with the picorna-like superfamily, infects the chestnut blight fungus and attenuates the virulence of the host fungus. The genomic RNA of the virus has two continuous open reading frames, A and B, separated by the pentanucleotide UAAUG. We present here evidence suggesting that ORF B is translated from genome-sized virus mRNA by a coupled termination/reinitiation mechanism mediated by the pentamer. In the coupled translation, the overlapping UAA and AUG triplets serve as the stop codon of ORF A and the initiator of ORF B, respectively. This was established by the use of a luciferase assay with a basic construct containing the ORF A sequence and the firefly luciferase gene while retaining the pentamer between the two coding sequences. The proportion of ribosomes reinitiating translation after terminating was determined to be 2.54.4 by three independent assay systems in fungal and insect cells. Use of a series of mutant constructs identified two sequence elements, the pentamer and the p40 sequence, that affect the efficiency of coupled translation and virus replication. Together, these results provide the first example of coupled translation facilitated by the pentanucleotide UAAUG in the kingdom Fungi. The mechanism by which the preceding p40-coding sequence promotes reinitiation is discussed.

    DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp224

    Web of Science

    PubMed

  67. Identification of amino acids of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus p25 protein required for induction of the resistance response in leaves of Beta vulgaris plants Reviewed International journal

    Soutaro Chiba, Masaki Miyanishi, Ida Bagus Andika, Hideki Kondo, Tetsuo Tamada

    JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY   Vol. 89   page: 1314 - 1323   2008.5

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:MICROBIOLOGY SOC  

    The RNA3-encoded p25 protein of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is responsible for the production of rhizomania symptoms of sugar beet roots (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris). Here, it was found that the presence of the p25 protein is also associated with the resistance response in rub-inoculated leaves of sugar beet and wild beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima) plants. The resistance phenotype displayed a range of symptoms from no visible lesions to necrotic or greyish lesions at the inoculation site, and only very low levels of virus and viral RNA accumulated. The susceptible phenotype showed large, bright yellow lesions and developed high levels of virus accumulation. In roots after Polymyxa betae vector inoculation, however, no drastic differences in virus and viral RNA accumulation levels were found between plants with susceptible and resistant phenotypes, except at an early stage of infection. There was a genotype-specific interaction between BNYVV strains and two selected wild beet lines (MR1 and MR2) and sugar beet cultivars. Sequence analysis of natural BNYVV isolates and site-directed mutagenesis of the p25 protein revealed that 3 aa residues at positions 68, 70 and 179 are important in determining the resistance phenotype, and that host-genotype specificity is controlled by single amino acid changes at position 68. The mechanism of the occurrence of resistance-breaking BNYVV strains is discussed.

    DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83624-0

    Web of Science

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Books 2

  1. Encyclopedia of Virology, 4th Edition, vol. 4,

    Chiba S.( Role: Sole author ,  Fusariviruses (Unassigned))

    Oxford: Academic Press.  2020.1  ( ISBN:9780128145166

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    Responsible for pages:557-581   Language:English Book type:Dictionary, encyclopedia

    DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.21276-4

    Scopus

  2. Rhizomania

    Tamada T, Kondo H, Chiba S( Role: Joint author ,  Genetic diversity of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (Chapter 5))

    Springer, Cham  2016.9 

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    Responsible for pages:109-133   Language:English Book type:Scholarly book

    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30678-0_5

MISC 5

  1. 宿主ゲノム上に存在する RNA ウイルス感染記録を紐解く. Invited International journal

    近藤秀樹, 千葉壮太郎, 鈴木信弘

    植物感染生理談話会論文集   Vol. 50   page: 133 - 142   2015

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

  2. Discovery of negative-strand RNA viruses in fungi. International journal

    Kondo H, Chiba S, Suzuki N

    Proceedings of the 9th Sympodium of International Working Group on Plant Viruses with Fungal Vectors     page: 55 - 57   2014

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper, summary (international conference)  

  3. Mutational analysis of BNYVV p25 protein for symptom induction in systemic host Beta macrocarpa. International journal

    Chiba S, Kondo H, Suzuki N, Tamada T

    Proceedings of the 9th Sympodium of International Working Group on Plant Viruses with Fungal Vectors     page: 15 - 18   2014

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper, summary (international conference)  

  4. Viral and host factors involved in symptom induction and replication of RNA viruses infecting phytopathogenic fungi. International journal

    Salaipeth, L, Lin, Y.-H, Eusebio-Cope, A, Tanaka, T, Chiba, S, Suzuki, N

    Proceeding of the International Symposium on Fungal Genetics and Genomics     page: 92 - 94   2009

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (international conference proceedings)  

  5. The p25 protein of beet necrotic yellow vein virus has a dual role as avirulence and avirulence determinant in leaves of Beta vurgalis plants. International journal

    Tamada T, Chiba S, Andika IB, Kondo H

    Proceedings of the 7th Sympodium of International Working Group on Plant Viruses with Fungal Vectors     page: 13 - 16   2008

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper, summary (international conference)  

Presentations 2

  1. Characterization of internal ribosomal entry sites in fungal RNA viruses and their potential use in multiple gene expression in filamentous fungi Invited International coauthorship International conference

    Kanoko Murata, Matteo Calassanzio, Akane Ueda, Atif Jamal, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Sotaro Chiba

    Fungal Genetics Conference  2022.3.16 

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    Event date: 2022.3

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

    Venue:Pacific Grove, CA   Country:United States  

  2. テンサイそう根病ウイルス(BNYVV)「成り立ち、病原性、抵抗性、現在と将来」~ウイルス学の視点から~ Invited

    千葉壮太郎

    テンサイそう根病研修会  2020.10.1 

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    Event date: 2020.10

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

    Venue:北海道常呂郡、訓子府町公民館  

Research Project for Joint Research, Competitive Funding, etc. 6

  1. RNA ウイルス因子を利用した植物病原糸状菌における多重遺伝子 発現系の構築 International coauthorship

    Grant number:R521  2022.4 - 2024.3

    全国共同利用共同研究事業(岡山大IPSR) 

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

  2. フィリピンにおけるキャッサバてんぐ巣病ファイトプラズマの感染動態

    2022.4 - 2023.3

    平和中島財団アジア地域重点学術研究助成   農学・生物系

    千葉壮太郎・Marita Sanfuego Pinili・Darwin Landicho

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    Grant type:Competitive

    Grant amount:\1500000 ( Direct Cost: \1500000 )

  3. ヴァイロコントロール因子(菌類ウイルス)の宿主糸状菌感染機構 International coauthorship

    2018.4 - 2021.3

    全国共同利用共同研究事業(岡山大IPSR) 

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

  4. 植物炭疽病菌を制御するマイコウイルスの探索

    2017.4 - 2020.3

    国際交流事業(二国間交流事業 共同研究 アジア) 

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

  5. フザリウム属菌のヴァイロコントロールを目指した菌類ウイルスの探索と同定 International coauthorship

    2015.4 - 2018.3

    全国共同利用共同研究事業(岡山大IPSR) 

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

  6. 菌類ウイルスIRESの探索と応用展開 International coauthorship

    2015.4 - 2017.3

    豊秋奨学会研究費助成事業 

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    Grant type:Competitive

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KAKENHI (Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research) 6

  1. 菌類ウイルスのdefective RNA分子が獲得した病原性因子

    Grant number:23K05239  2023.4 - 2026.3

    研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)  

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

    Grant amount:\4810000 ( Direct Cost: \3700000 、 Indirect Cost:\1110000 )

  2. 菌類ウイルスによる焼酎生産菌の一次・二次代謝産物生産機構に関する研究

    Grant number:20K05791  2020.4 - 2023.3

    日本学術振興会  研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C) 

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    Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)  Grant type:Competitive

  3. 東南アジアにおけるイネオレンジ葉ファイトプラズマ病の発生拡大メカニズム International coauthorship

    Grant number:18KK0171  2018.10 - 2022.3

    日本学術振興会  国際共同研究加速基金(国際共同研究強化(B)) 

    千葉壮太郎

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

  4. 寄主特異性を決定する共生ウイルスおよびウイルス様粒子の類似性および相違性の解明

    Grant number:17H03942  2017.4 - 2021.3

    日本学術振興会  研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B) 

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    Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)  Grant type:Competitive

  5. 卵菌PAMPエリシターに対する植物の抵抗性誘導機構の解明 International coauthorship

    Grant number:17H03963  2017.4 - 2020.3

    日本学術振興会  研究費助成事業  基盤研究(B) 

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    Grant type:Competitive

  6. 菌類RNAウイルスの新規リボゾーム内部進入部位の機能構造 International coauthorship

    Grant number:15H06276  2015.8 - 2017.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費補助金 

    千葉壮太郎

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

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Teaching Experience (On-campus) 8

  1. バイオテクノロジー

    2021

  2. Biotechnology

    2020

  3. 資源生物科学基盤実験実習(分担)

    2020

  4. 海外実地研修(分担)

    2020

  5. 海外学生受入研修(分担)

    2020

  6. Advanced Plant Pathology

    2020

  7. 資源生物科学実験実習1、2(分担)

    2020

  8. Biotechnology

    2019

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Teaching Experience (Off-campus) 1

  1. 農業環境微生物学(非常勤・分担)

    2016.4 - 2022.3 Meijo University)

 

Social Contribution 1

  1. 植物ウイルス病の発生動向分析

    Role(s):Advisor

    2018.4

Academic Activities 1

  1. Transnational Doctoral Program for Leaders in Asian Countries

    Asian Satellite Campuses Institute  2015.1