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未来へ繫ぐCTの線量評価技術招待有り

小山修司

インナービジョン 33 巻 ( 10 ) 頁： 10-14 2018年10月

Accuracy validation of incident photon fluence on detective quantum efficiency in mammography. 査読有り

Haba T, Koyama S, Otani N

Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine 頁： https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-018-0679-y 2018年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

X-ray image evaluation is commonly performed by determining the detective quantum efficiency (DQE). DQE is calculated with a presampled modulation transfer function (MTF), incident photon fluence, and digital noise power spectrum (NPS). Accurate evaluation of MTF, incident photon fluence, and NPS is important for precise DQE determination. In this study, we focused on the accuracy of the incident photon fluence in mammography. The incident photon fluence is calculated using the squared signal-to-noise ratio (SNRin2) value as specified in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 62220-1-2 report. However, the reported SNRin2 values were determined using a computer program, and the reported values may differ from those calculated from an X-ray spectrum that is measured with actual mammography equipment. Therefore, we evaluated the error range of reported SNRin2 values in mammography to assess the accuracy of the incident photon fluence. First, X-ray spectra from various mammography systems were measured with a CdTe spectrometer. Six mammographic X-ray units were used in this study. Second, the SNRin2 values were calculated from the measured X-ray spectra. The calculated values were compared to the reported values. The results show that the percentage differences between the calculated and reported SNRin2 values were within -4.1% of each other. The results obtained in this study indicate that the SNRin2 values provided in the IEC report are a robust and convenient tool for calculating the incident photon fluence for DQE evaluation in mammography.

DOI： 10.1007/s13246-018-0679-y

PubMed

Using Scattered X-Rays to Improve the Estimation Accuracy of Attenuation Coefficients: A Fundamental Analysis 査読有り

Toda Naohiro, Nakagami Tetsuya, Yamazaki Yoichi, Yoshioka Hiroki, Koyama Shuji

IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES E101A 巻 ( 7 ) 頁： 1101 - 1114 2018年7月

Effects of Gradient Coil Noise and Gradient Coil Replacement on the Reproducibility of Resting State Networks 査読有り

Bagarinao Epifanio, Tsuzuki Erina, Yoshida Yukina, Ozawa Yohei, Kuzuya Maki, Otani Takashi, Koyama Shuji, Isoda Haruo, Watanabe Hirohisa, Maesawa Satoshi, Naganawa Shinji, Sobue Gen

FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE 12 巻頁： 148 2018年4月

Orthodontic tooth separation activates the hypothalamic area in the human brain 査読有り

Ariji Yoshiko, Kondo Hisataka, Miyazawa Ken, Tabuchi Masako, Koyama Syuji, Kise Yoshitaka, Togari Akifumi, Gotoh Shigemi, Ariji Eiichiro

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCE 10 巻頁： https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-017-0001-y 2018年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

OBJECTIVES: An animal experiment clarified that insertion of an orthodontic apparatus activated the trigeminal neurons of the medulla oblongata. Orthodontic tooth movement is known to be associated with the sympathetic nervous system and controlled by the nucleus of the hypothalamus. However, the transmission of both has not been demonstrated in humans. The purpose of this study were to examine the activated cerebral areas using brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), when orthodontic tooth separators were inserted, and to confirm the possibility of the transmission route from the medulla oblongata to the hypothalamus.
METHODS: Two types of alternative orthodontic tooth separators (brass contact gauge and floss) were inserted into the right upper premolars of 10 healthy volunteers. Brain functional T2*-weighted images and anatomical T1-weighted images were taken. RESULTS: The blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signals following insertion of a brass contact gauge and floss significantly increased in the somatosensory association cortex and hypothalamic area.
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest the possibility of a transmission route from the medulla oblongata to the hypothalamus.

DOI： 10.1038/s41368-017-0001-y

Web of Science

Stability and linearity of luminescence imaging of water during irradiation of proton-beams and X-ray photons lower energy than the Cerenkov light threshold 査読有り

Yamamoto Seiichi, Koyama Shuji, Yabe Takuya, Komori Masataka, Tada Junki, Ito Shiori, Toshito Toshiyuki, Hirata Yuho, Watanabe Kenichi

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT 883 巻頁： 48-56 2018年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Luminescence of water during irradiations of proton-beams or X-ray photons lower energy than the Cerenkov-light threshold is promising for range estimation or the distribution measurements of beams. However it is not yet obvious whether the intensities and distributions are stable with the water conditions such as temperature or addition of solvable materials. It remains also unclear whether the luminescence of water linearly increases with the irradiated proton or X-ray energies. Consequently we measured the luminescence of water during irradiations of proton-beam or X-ray photons lower energy than the Cerenkov-light threshold with different water conditions and energies to evaluate the stability and linearity of luminescence of water. We placed a water phantom set with a proton therapy or X-ray system, luminescence images of water with different conditions and energies were measured with a high-sensitivity cooled charge coupled device (CCD) camera during proton or X-ray irradiations to the water phantom. In the stability measurements, imaging was made for different temperatures of water and addition of inorganic and organic materials to water. In the linearity measurements for the proton, we irradiated with four different energies below Cerenkov light threshold. In the linearity measurements for the X-ray, we irradiated X-ray with different supplied voltages. We evaluated the depth profiles for the luminescence images and evaluated the light intensities and distributions. The results showed that the luminescence of water was quite stable with the water conditions. There were no significant changes of intensities and distributions with the different temperatures. Results from the linearity experiments showed that the luminescence of water linearly increased with their energies. We confirmed that luminescence of water is stable with conditions of water. We also confirmed that the luminescence of water linearly increased with their energies.

DOI： 10.1016/j.nima.2017.11.073

Web of Science

A proposed new image display method with high contrast-to-noise ratio using energy resolved photon-counting mammography with a CdTe series detector

Suzuki R., Nakajima A., Sasaki M., Kodera Y., Iida Y., Ito F., Koshiba Y., Yamakawa T., Yamamoto S., Okada M., Hashimoto D., Koyama S.

MEDICAL IMAGING 2018: PHYSICS OF MEDICAL IMAGING 10573 巻 2018年

Development of energy-resolved photon-counting mammography with a cadmium telluride series detector to reduce radiation exposure and increase contrast-to-noise ratio using the high-energy X-rays

Suzuki Reina, Koyama Shuji, Kodera Yoshie, Nakajima Ai, Sasaki Mariko, Kimura Hiroto, Hayashi Hiroaki, Yamakawa Tsutomu, Yamamoto Shuichiro, Hashimoto Daisuke, Okada Masahiro

14TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON BREAST IMAGING (IWBI 2018) 10718 巻 2018年

Identification of breast tissue using the X-ray image measured with an energy-resolved cadmium telluride series detector based on photon-counting technique

Sasaki Mariko, Koyama Shuji, Kodera Yoshie, Suzuki Reina, Nakajima Ai, Nishide Hiroko, Mizutani Mitsuhiro, Watanabe Megumi, Yoshida Naoko, Hayashi Hiroaki, Yamakawa Tsutomu, Yamamoto Shuichiro, Hashimoto Daisuke, Okada Masahiro

14TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON BREAST IMAGING (IWBI 2018) 10718 巻 2018年

New weighting factor of weighted CTDI equation for PMMA phantom diameter from 8 to 40 cm: A Monte Carlo study 査読有り

Haba Tomonobu, Koyama Shuji, Kinomura Yutaka, Ida Yoshihiro, Kobayashi Masanao

MEDICAL PHYSICS 44 巻 ( 12 ) 頁： 6603 - 6609 2017年12月

Luminescence imaging of biological subjects during X-ray irradiations lower energy than Cerenkov-light threshold 査読有り

Yamamoto Seiichi, Koyama Shuji, Yamauchi-Kawaura Chiyo, Komori Masataka

OPTICAL REVIEW 24 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 428-435 2017年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

It is commonly thought that UV or visible-light luminescence imaging of biological subjects during X-ray irradiation at the energy below 120 keV is impossible because the secondary electrons produced in this energy range do not emit Cerenkov light. Contrary to this consensus, we found UV or visible-light luminescence imaging of the subjects were possible with X-ray irradiations of this energy range. We placed one of the biological subjects in a black box; visible-light luminescence images were measured with a high-sensitivity, cooled charge coupled device (CCD) camera during X-ray irradiation at energy below 120 keV. We also conducted the imaging of air without subjects during irradiation of the same X-ray. The biological subjects emitted visible-light luminescence, and the imaging was possible with the irradiation of the X-ray below 120 keV. The luminescence images were observed in only the X-ray irradiated areas. Also air luminescence images could be obtained and the intensity of the luminescence measured from the images was proportionally increased with the exposure dose. UV or visible-light luminescence imaging of biological subjects was possible during X-ray irradiations lower energy than the Cerenkov-light threshold. The phenomenon was different from general X-ray fluorescence because wavelength of the luminescence is UV or visible-light. The luminescence imaging method is promising for estimating the irradiated area with X-ray, which could be used for interventional radiology (IVR). Also air luminescence imaging would be applied to the exposure dose distribution measurements for X-ray of diagnostic X-ray systems.

DOI： 10.1007/s10043-017-0325-z

Web of Science

Detection of microcalcifications and tumor tissue in mammography using a CdTe-series photon-counting detector

Nakajima Ai, Ihori Akiko, Nishide Hiroko, Koyama Shuji, Yamakawa Tsutomu, Yamamoto Shuichiro, Okada Masahiro, Kodera Yoshie

MEDICAL IMAGING 2017: PHYSICS OF MEDICAL IMAGING 10132 巻 2017年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

In this study, we proposed a method for detecting microcalcifications and tumor tissue using a cadmium telluride (CdTe) series linear detector. The CdTe series detector was used as an energy resolved photon-counting (hereafter referred to as the photon-counting) mammography detector. The CdTe series linear detector and two types of phantom were designed using a MATLAB simulation. Each phantom consisted of mammary gland and adipose tissue. One phantom contained microcalcifications and the other contained tumor tissue. We varied the size of these structures and the mammary gland composition. We divided the spectrum of an x-ray, which is transmitted to each phantom, into three energy bins and calculated the corresponding linear attenuation coefficients from the numbers of input and output photons. Subsequently, the absorption vector length that expresses the amount of absorption was calculated. When the material composition was different between objects, for example mammary gland and microcalcifications, the absorption vector length was also different. We compared each absorption vector length and tried to detect the microcalcifications and tumor tissue. However, as the size of microcalcifications and tumor tissue decreased and/or the mammary gland content rate increased, there was difficulty in distinguishing them. The microcalcifications and tumor tissue despite the reduction in size or increase in mammary gland content rate can be distinguished by increasing the x-ray dosage. Therefore, it is necessary to find a condition under which a low exposure dose is optimally balanced with high detection sensitivity. It is a new method to indicate the image using photon counting technology.

DOI： 10.1117/12.2253576

Web of Science

Ｘ線ＣＴの診断参考レベル（DRL）:CTDIvolとDLP 招待有り

小山修司

Rad Fan 14 巻 ( 15 ) 頁： 35-38 2016年11月

ＣＴにおける医療被ばくの指標招待有り

小山修司

日獨医報 61 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 13-25 2016年9月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：日本語

X線CTにおける医療被ばく線量の最適化を図るための診断参考レベルとして使用されている，CTDI_vol（volume CT Dose Index）とDLP（Dose Length Product）について解説した．また，米国医学物理学会（AAPM）の提案する新しい指標である，SSDE（Size Specific Dose Estimation）についても解説した．

DOI： 13-25

Influence of 320-detector-row volume scanning and AAPM report 111 CT dosimetry metrics on size-specific dose estimate: a Monte Carlo study 査読有り

HABA Tomonobu, KOYAMA Shuji, KINOMURA Yutaka, IDA Yoshihiro, KOBAYASHI Masanao

Australasian Physical & Engineering Sciences in Medicine 39 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 697-703 2016年7月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) task group 204 has recommended the use of size-dependent conversion factors to calculate size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) values from volume computed tomography dose index (CTDI_vol) values. However, these conversion factors do not consider the effects of 320-detector-row volume computed tomography (CT) examinations or the new CT dosimetry metrics proposed by AAPM task group 111. This study aims to investigate the influence of these examinations and metrics on the conversion factors reported by AAPM task group 204, using Monte Carlo simulations. Simulations were performed modelling a Toshiba Aquilion ONE CT scanner, in order to compute dose values in water for cylindrical phantoms with 8-40-cm diameters at 2-cm intervals for each scanning parameter (tube voltage, bow-tie filter, longitudinal beam width). Then, the conversion factors were obtained by applying exponential regression analysis between the dose values for a given phantom diameter and the phantom diameter combined with various scanning parameters. The conversion factors for each scanning method (helical, axial, or volume scanning) and CT dosimetry method (i.e., the CTDI₁₀₀ method or the AAPM task group 111 method) were in agreement with those reported by AAPM task group 204, within a percentage error of 14.2 % for phantom diameters 11.2 cm and over. The results obtained in this study indicate that the conversion factors previously presented by AAPM task group 204 can be used to provide appropriate SSDE values for 320-detector-row volume CT examinations and the CT dosimetry metrics proposed by the AAPM task group 111.

DOI： 10.1007/s13246-016-0465-7

人体ファントムを用いた前置癒着胎盤に対する総腸骨動脈バルーン閉塞術時の胎児被曝線量の推定査読有り

西條貴哉，瀬口繁信，石川芳信，小山修司，祖父江亮嗣，加藤紀子

IVR会誌 30 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 148-153 2015年6月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

胎盤は受梢卵が子宮内膜に着床することにより形成され始め,子宮底部近くに付着することが一般的であるが,その胎盤が通常よりも低位に形成され,内子宮口の全部または一部を覆っている状態を前置胎盤といい,その頻度は全分娩の0.26~0.57%といわれている')。また,その中でも胎盤と子宮との癒着が強く胎盤が剥がれない前置癒着胎盤は,前置胎盤での癒着胎盤発生率が0.04%であり,常位の癒着胎盤の発生率である 0.0045%に比べ10倍高く2),剥離する際の大量出血により出血性ショックや播種性血管内凝固症候群(DIC) を併発し母体死亡につながるリスクの高い重大な産科合併症である。そのため,前置癒着胎盤が強く疑われる患者の帝王切開術の直前には,総腸骨動脈バルーン閉塞術(commoniliacarteryballoonocclusion，以下, CIABO)が併用される。これは,局所麻酔下でバルーンカテーテルを両側の鼠径部から対側の総腸骨動脈に留置し,帝王切開の術中.胎児を取り出した後にバルーンを拡張させ.胎盤の剥離手技に伴う出血量の軽減を目的とした処置である.しかし,この手技はX線透視を使用したinterventionalradiology(以下,IVR)であり,X線照射範囲内に胎児が位置するため,母体はもとより子宮内の胎児に対してX線が照射される。胎児では成人に比べて放射線感受性が高いため,放射線被曝による影響が懸念される。しかしながら,CIABO における胎児の被曝線鼠について記述された論文はない．そこで,本研究は小型のフォトダイオード線量計を人体ファントムの各臓器位置に埋め込んだ臓器吸収線避計測システムを使用して,当院での臨床データをもとに人体ファントム内の胎児の位置における吸収纏量(以下,胎児線量)を実測し,評価するとともに.胎児線量低減方法の検討を目的とする．

DOI： 148-153

脳動脈瘤の患者がX線診断・治療・経過観察によって受ける放射線被ばく線量

瀬口繁信，西條貴哉，石川芳信，小島隆生，小山修司

脳神経外科 43 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 411-418 2015年5月

モンテカルロシミュレーションの応用-CT領域- 招待有り

小山修司

日本放射線技術学会雑誌 71 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 371-379 2015年4月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：日本語

放射線医療において吸収線量を評価する場合の基本は,測定器を用いた実測であることはいうまでもない.いろいろなモダリティや X 線照射の状況の中で, 多くの場合,実測値があればそれで十分評価が可能である.ところが,場合によっては,実測が困難であるとか,不可能な状況が存在する.この場合に有効なのが,モンテカルロシミュレーションである.例えば, マンモグラフィ撮影において,乳腺組織と脂肪組織が混在する場合の乳腺組織だけの吸収線量を求める場合などがそれに相当する.この場合,実際に乳房に入射する X 線の空気カーマから平均乳腺線量を求める係数は,モンテカルロシミュレーションによって求められたものである1).X 線 CT についても,少し手の込んだ線量評価を行う場合,モンテカルロシミュレーションは非常に有効なツールとなる.
モンテカルロシミュレーションには,研究者自身が一から作成するものと,物理現象を組み込んだ計算のエンジン部分が用意されていてそこにユーザが任意のシミュレーション体系や線源情報を作成して合体する汎用モンテカルロコードがある.汎用モンテカルロシミュレーションコードには,有名な Geant や MCNP, 純国産の Phits などがあるが,われわれは低エネルギー放射線の計算精度が高い汎用モンテカルロシミュレーションコード Electron Gamma Shower 5(EGS5)2) を使用しており,ここでは,この EGS5 についてと, その X 線 CT での応用について述べる.

DOI： 10.6009/jjrt.2015_JSRT_71.4.371

A Monte Carlo simulation based on measured tube current modulation data in X-ray computed tomogramphy

Masaki Inoue, Shuji Koyama, Tomonobu Haba, Tomoki Shibahara

Proceedings of the Twenty-Second EGS User's Meeting in Japan 頁： 14-17 2015年

Regional brain activity during jaw clenching with natural teeth and with occlusal splints: a preliminary functional MRI study 査読有り

ARIJI Yoshiko, KOYAMA Shuji, SAKUMA Shigemitsu, NAKAYAMA Miwa, ARIJI Eiichirou

The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice 2015年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate regional brain activity during jaw clenching with natural teeth and with two types of occlusal splints using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: Sixteen healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI signals were compared under three conditions: during clenching with natural teeth, with a soft splint, and with a hard splint. For each condition, 30-second jaw clenching followed a 60-second rest, and was repeated three times, with intervening 30-second rests. SPM 8 was used for the fMRI analysis.
Results: Blood oxygenation level-dependent signals during clenching with natural teeth increased in BA44, 45, and the cerebellum. Blood oxygenation level-dependent signals increased in those areas and in BA17, 18 during clenching with a soft splint. Use of the hard splint increased the BOLD signals in BA6 and BA20, 37 in addition to the areas previously mentioned. Blood oxygenation level-dependent signals in the left BA6, the left BA20, 37, and the right BA44, 45 were significantly higher during clenching with a hard splint than with natural teeth. These regions are associated with motor coordination, memory, and cognition, respectively.

DOI： 10.1179/2151090315Y.0000000017

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