Faculty Profiles - OHIRA, Hideki

Creation and development of integrated social brain research

Science Council of Japan Sub-committee on Brain and Consciousness, Osaka Naoyuki, Matsui Mie, Ohira Hideki, Kawabata Hideaki, Sakagami Masamichi, Ashida Hiroshi, Watanabe Masataka, Nihei Yoshiaki, Osaka Mariko

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 82 ( 0 ) page： JPAS-010 - JPAS-010 2018.9

Facial expression induced by empathy in social situations

Saito Natsuki, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 82 ( 0 ) page： 2PM-051 - 2PM-051 2018.9

On the robot as a moral agent

Nagataki S., Shibata M., Hashimoto T., Kashiwabata T., Konno T., Ohira H., Miura T., Kubota S.

ACM International Conference Proceeding Series 2018.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ACM International Conference Proceeding Series

To be a moral agent is to bear its own responsibility which others cannot take for it. We hold that such irreplaceability consists in its having an inner world to which others cannot have direct access. The purpose of this paper is to propose, as a means of gaining support for our thesis, an experiment - a psychological one in which to assess to what degree we can attribute moral responsibility to a robot. Furthermore, we explore the possibility of a society where humans and robots coexist.

DOI： 10.1145/3233824.3233832

Group size Effects on inter-blink interval as an indicator of antipredator vigilance in wild baboons

On the robot as a moral agent Reviewed

S Nagataki, M Shibata, T Hashimoto, T Kashiwabata, T Konno, H Ohira, T Miura, S Kubota

Interaccion Vol. 24 page： 1-24 2018.9

On the robot as a moral agent Reviewed

S Nagataki, M Shibata, T Hashimoto, T Kashiwabata, T Konno, H Ohira, T Miura, S Kubota

Interaccion Vol. 24 page： 1-24 2018.9

Reward-Driven Arousal Impacts Preparation to Perform a Task via Amygdala-Caudate Mechanisms Reviewed

N Watanabe, JP Bhanji, H Ohira, MR Delgado

Cerebral Cortex 2018.7

Reward-Driven Arousal Impacts Preparation to Perform a Task via Amygdala-Caudate Mechanisms Reviewed

N Watanabe, JP Bhanji, H Ohira, MR Delgado

Cerebral Cortex 2018.7

A Matsumoto-Oda, K Okamoto, K Takahashi, H Ohira

Scientific reports Vol. 8 ( 1 ) page： 10062 2018.7

Regulation of functions of the brain and body by the principle of predictive coding: Implications for impairments of the brain-gut axis

Ohira H.

Psihologijske Teme Vol. 27 ( 1 ) page： 1 - 15 2018.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Psihologijske Teme

Lisa Feldman-Barrett, who has promoted a psychological constructivism theory of affect, recently proposed the Embodied Predictive InteroceptionCoding (EPIC) model of affect, based on the perspective of predictive coding. The theoretical framework of predictive coding argues that the brain creates inner models that can provide predictions for perception and motor movement, and that perception andbehaviors emerge from Bayesian computations rooted in these predictions. The EPIC model expands this framework to interoception, which is perception of the inner body, and tries to explain the phenomena of affect as integrative experiences based on interoception. This perspective provides important implications for understanding issues of the brain–gut axis and its impairments.

DOI： 10.31820/pt.27.1.1

Costly apologies communicate conciliatory intention: an fMRI study on forgiveness in response to costly apologies Reviewed

Yohsuke Ohtsubo, Masahiro Matsunaga, Hiroki Tanaka, Kohta Suzuki, Fumio Kobayashi, Eiji Shibata, Reiko Hori, Tomohiro Umemura, Hideki Ohira

Evolution and Human Behavior Vol. 39 ( 2 ) page： 179 - 190 2018.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Elsevier Inc.

Reconciliation is an integral part of our social lives. Nevertheless, if a victim perceives the risk of further exploitation by his/her transgressor as non-negligible, the victim may well have difficulty forgiving the transgressor. Therefore, a key ingredient of reconciliation is the transgressor's sincere apology. Theoretical and empirical studies have shown that transgressors can make their apologies credible by incurring a substantial cost. Therefore, we hypothesized that costly apologies, compared to non-costly apologies (i.e., simply saying “sorry”), would effectively communicate a transgressor's conciliatory intention. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, participants were asked to imagine a friend committing a mild interpersonal transgression (e.g., standing up the participant) and then apologizing in a costly fashion, apologizing in a non-costly fashion, or not apologizing at all. Compared to non-costly apologies and non-apologies, costly apologies (signals of conciliatory intention) more strongly activated the theory-of-mind network (i.e., bilateral temporoparietal junction, precuneus, medial prefrontal cortex). Moreover, we did not observe any significant differences in brain responses to non-costly apologies and non-apology controls. These results underscore the importance of costly signals in human communication and in human peace-making in particular.

DOI： 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.01.004

Costly apologies communicate conciliatory intention: an fMRI study on forgiveness in response to costly apologies

Costly apologies communicate conciliatory intention: an fMRI study on forgiveness in response to costly apologies Reviewed

Y Ohtsubo, M Matsunaga, H Tanaka, K Suzuki, F Kobayashi, E Shibata, R Hori, T Umemura, H Ohira

Evolution and Human Behavior Vol. 39 ( 2 ) page： 249-256 2018.3

Ohtsubo Y., Matsunaga M., Tanaka H., Suzuki K., Kobayashi F., Shibata E., Hori R., Umemura T., Ohira H.

Evolution and Human Behavior Vol. 39 ( 2 ) page： 249 - 256 2018.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Evolution and Human Behavior

DOI： 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.01.004

Costly apologies communicate conciliatory intention: an fMRI study on forgiveness in response to costly apologies

Ohtsubo Yohsuke, Matsunaga Masahiro, Tanaka Hiroki, Suzuki Kohta, Kobayashi Fumio, Shibata Eiji, Hori Reiko, Umemura Tomohiro, Ohira Hideki

EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR Vol. 39 ( 2 ) page： 249 - 256 2018.3

Regulation of functions of the brain and body by the principle of predictive coding: Implications for impairments of the brain-gut axis Reviewed

H Ohira

Psychological topics Vol. 27 ( 1 ) page： 1-15 2018

Predictive coding of interoception: Comments on Fukushima’s article

Ohira Hideki

JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW Vol. 61 ( 3 ) page： 322 - 329 2018

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW

Interoception means neural processing and subjective perception of signals from inner body, including organs and autonomic, endocrine, and immune systems. Interoception has been thought to play critical roles in emergence of emotions, decision-making, and mental and physical well-being. Though associations between interoception and dysfunctional mental and physical health such as anxiety and Alexithymia have been reported, the empirical findings are still mixed. This article proposes a computational model of interoception on the basis of the principle of predictive coding, to provide integrated accounts of the findings of interoception and health. Simulations using the model suggested that 1) hypersensitive and inaccurate bodily sensation in anxiety might be rooted in lower precision of bodily signals and exaggerated transmission of bodily signals to the brain, and 2) inaccurate interoception and chronic unpleasant feeling in Alexithymia might be caused by lower precision of bodily signals and dysfunctional communication between the brain and body. Suggestions for future studies on interoception are also discussed.

DOI： 10.24602/sjpr.61.3_322

Irrational Decision-making under Acute Stress: The Perspective of Cognitive Function

YAMAKAWA Kaori, OHIRA Hideki

Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology Vol. 36 ( 1 ) page： 40 - 52 2018

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society for Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology

In critical situations, such as the exposure to acute stress, we often make irrational choices. Biological responses to critical events stimulate the autonomic nervous system, the endocrine system, and the immune system, which regulate decision-making via those regions of the brain concerned with updating information and processing emotions. Previous studies have revealed that such biological responses have temporal effects on cognition and behavior. The current review summarizes empirical findings that investigate how acute stress affects decision-making and cognitive functions. We focus on neural and biological mechanisms as temporal factors and discuss their adaptive roles as aspects of cognitive functions in response to critical events.

DOI： 10.5674/jjppp.1805si

ロボットは道徳的な行為主体になり得るか，＜個性＞を持ち得るか Reviewed

橋本敬, 金野武司, 長滝祥司, 大平英樹, 入江諒, 河上章太郎, 佐藤拓磨, 加藤樹里, 柏端達也, 三浦俊彦, 久保田進一, 柴田正良

日本認知科学会第35回大会発表論文集 page： 958 - 960 2018

Regulation of functions of the brain and body by the principle of predictive coding: Implications for impairments of the brain-gut axis Reviewed

H Ohira

Psychological topics Vol. 27 ( 1 ) page： 1-15 2018

Association of Oxytocin and Parental Prefrontal Activation during Reunion with Infant: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. International journal

Jun Ito, Takeo Fujiwara, Yukifumi Monden, Takanori Yamagata, Hideki Ohira

Frontiers in pediatrics Vol. 5 page： 271 - 271 2017.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Although previous studies have revealed the role of oxytocin (OT) in parental behavior, the role of OT has not been investigated through the direct assessment of prefrontal brain activation during parenting. By using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, we aimed to show the relationship between parental [maternal (N = 15) and paternal (N = 21)] OT levels and the activation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), while holding their infants after separation. Baseline OT levels were measured in the subjects' saliva samples before the experiment. Prefrontal brain activation was assessed in participants sitting alone on a chair (i.e., separation from their infant for 120 s) and during the target period (i.e., holding their infant for 45 s), which was done in triplicate. The oxygen hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) dissociation curve significantly increased in 9 out of 22 channels on the PFC when maternal and paternal samples were combined. However, only the fathers showed a correlation between salivary OT and oxy-Hb signal. Furthermore, while holding their infants, high-OT fathers showed left hemispheric dominance compared to low-OT fathers, while high-OT mothers showed right hemispheric dominance compared to low-OT mothers. This study showed that fathers with high-OT levels showed neural activation with left hemispheric dominance, while holding their infants, suggesting that increase of OT level might activate paternal PFC related to parenting behavior, although the same is not true for mothers.

DOI： 10.3389/fped.2017.00271

FOCUSING ATTENTION INHIBITS EMOTIONAL RESPONSES: P3A AND LPP EVIDENCE FROM THREE-STIMULUS ODDBALL PARADIGM

REINFORCEMENT LEARNING MODEL OF ANOTHER'S PREDICTION BASED ON EMPATHY

Saito Natsuki, Katahira Kentaro, Ohira Hideki

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 54 page： S127 - S127 2017.12

Hiroki Murakami, Motohiro Kimura, Hideki Ohira

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 54 page： S155 - S155 2017.12

Decision making alteration and characteristic connectivity changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Imai, K; Masuda, M; Watanabe, H; Kamagata, K; Katahira, K; Ogura, A; Ohdake, R; Kawabata, K; Yokoi, T; Hara, K; Bagarinao, E; Atsuta, N; Nakamura, R; Aoki, S; Katsuno, M; Ohira, H; Sobue, G

JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol. 381 page： 103 - 103 2017.10

Psychological science based on the perspective of computational neuroscience

Ohira Hideki, Tanabe Hiroki C., Katahira Kentaro, Shibata Kazuhisa

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 81 ( 0 ) page： SS-058 - SS-058 2017.9

Positive and negative empathy measured by facial electromyography

Saito Natsuki, Haruno Masahiko, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 81 ( 0 ) page： 1D-041 - 1D-041 2017.9

Integration of psychology and epidemiology: biopsychosocial approach to health

Yamada Chris Kosuke, Izawa Shuhei, Nakata Akinori, Shimanoe Chisato, Uchida Yukiko, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 81 ( 0 ) page： SS-034 - SS-034 2017.9

A computational model for characterizing individual differences in model-based decision-making

Toyama Asako, Katahira Kentaro, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 81 ( 0 ) page： 2B-045 - 2B-045 2017.9

Computational properties of decision-making in psychopathy

Oba Takeyuki, Katahira Kentaro, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 81 ( 0 ) page： 1D-004 - 1D-004 2017.9

Effects of elapsed time after acute stress on decision-making

Yamakawa Kaori, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 81 ( 0 ) page： L-014 - L-014 2017.9

Selective Fair Behavior as a Function of Psychopathic Traits in a Subclinical Population Reviewed

Takahiro Osumi, Hideki Ohira

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 8 ( SEP ) page： 1604 2017.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：FRONTIERS MEDIA SA

Psychopathy is a group of personality traits that are associated with violations of social norms. Previous studies have suggested that people with psychopathic traits in subclinical populations do not necessarily display antisocial, self-defeating behaviors, and instead may strategically show adaptive behaviors in response to cues during reciprocal social interactions. Therefore, in the present study, we examined whether the association between psychopathic traits and unfair behavior can be moderated by a potential for punishment and social distance (anonymity), which are known to facilitate fair behavior. We focused on two psychopathic traits: primary and secondary psychopathy. Primary psychopathy is characterized by callousness, shallow affect, manipulation, and superficial charm. In contrast, secondary psychopathy is associated with impulsivity and lack of long-term goals, and is related to hostile behavior. A total of 348 undergraduate students determined the amounts of money that they would offer to strangers or friends at their university in hypothetical scenarios of the ultimatum game (UG) and the dictator game (DG). While gender affected decisions in the hypothetical scenarios of the DG, it did not interact with psychopathic traits. The score for primary psychopathy on the Levenson self-report psychopathy scale predicted unfair monetary offers to strangers in the DG, where participants could not be punished. However, compared with their offers in the DG, individuals with higher scores for primary psychopathy made larger offers in the UG, where low offers could trigger punishment from the recipient. Moreover, primary psychopathy did not decrease the amounts of offers in either game when the participant considered the recipient to be a friend. On the other hand, secondary psychopathy was not associated with differences in behavioral fairness depending on a potential for punishment or social distance. Based on these findings, we discuss strategic social skills as a function of primary psychopathy.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01604

A simple computational algorithm of model-based choice preference

Asako Toyama, Kentaro Katahira, Hideki Ohira

COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE Vol. 17 ( 4 ) page： 764 - 783 2017.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER

A broadly used computational framework posits that two learning systems operate in parallel during the learning of choice preferences-namely, the model-free and model-based reinforcement-learning systems. In this study, we examined another possibility, through which model-free learning is the basic system and model-based information is its modulator. Accordingly, we proposed several modified versions of a temporal-difference learning model to explain the choice-learning process. Using the two-stage decision task developed by Daw, Gershman, Seymour, Dayan, and Dolan (2011), we compared their original computational model, which assumes a parallel learning process, and our proposed models, which assume a sequential learning process. Choice data from 23 participants showed a better fit with the proposed models. More specifically, the proposed eligibility adjustment model, which assumes that the environmental model can weight the degree of the eligibility trace, can explain choices better under both model-free and model-based controls and has a simpler computational algorithm than the original model. In addition, the forgetting learning model and its variation, which assume changes in the values of unchosen actions, substantially improved the fits to the data. Overall, we show that a hybrid computational model best fits the data. The parameters used in this model succeed in capturing individual tendencies with respect to both model use in learning and exploration behavior. This computational model provides novel insights into learning with interacting model-free and model-based components.

DOI： 10.3758/s13415-017-0511-2

Regulation of behavior based on interoception

High emotional arousal enables subliminal detection of concealed information Reviewed

Osugi, A, Ohira H

Psychology Vol. 8 page： 1482-1500 2017.8

内受容感覚に基づく行動の制御 Reviewed

大平　英樹

BRAIN and NERVE Vol. ６９ ( ４ ) page： 383-395 2017.4

内受容感覚に基づく行動の制御 Reviewed

大平英樹

BRAIN and NERVE Vol. 69 ( 4 ) page： 383-395 2017.4

Ohira H.

Brain and Nerve Vol. 69 ( 4 ) page： 383 - 395 2017.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Brain and Nerve

It is well known that the insular cortex (Brodmann areas 13,14, 15, and 16) located deep inside the Sylvian fissure is associated with mental functions such as perception, language, cognition, affect, and movement. In particular, the insular cortex has been linked to interoception, which is the representation of bodily physiological states that is used to regulate bodily states and mental functions. Recently, a common principle to explain such functions of the insular cortex has been proposed. The principle posits that the anterior insula generates predictions of future bodily states, computes the error by comparing the prediction with the actual sensory signals, and integrates the body with the mind by minimizing the prediction error. This article describes the functions of the insular cortex, and discusses the possibility that an error-minimizing function can affect decision-making to regulate behaviors.

Emotional arousal at memory encoding enhanced P300 in the concealed information test

[Regulation of Behavior Based on Interoception].

Ohira H

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo Vol. 69 ( 4 ) page： 383 - 395 2017.4

Influence of diaper types on the physical and psychological burden experienced by mothers and infants while changing diapers-Evaluation by heart rate variability and behavior coding of mothers and infants- Reviewed

Ayami SUGA, Akiko TANGE, Hiroki ISHIKAWA, Maki URAGUCHI, Hideki OHIRA

Vol. 16 ( 2 ) page： 197-203 2017.3

脳活動の同期を導くメカニズムー定藤論文へのコメントー Reviewed

大平英樹

心理学評論 Vol. 59 ( 3 ) page： 283-291 2017

Akemi Osugi, Hideki Ohira

Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 8 ( JAN ) page： 2334 2017

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Frontiers Media S.A.

Previous studies have reported that the concealed information test (CIT) is a reliable and powerful method for detecting information. However, the external validity of the CIT studies has not been fully proven. In particular, few studies have examined the effects of emotional arousal at memory encoding on physiological responses in the CIT. The present study investigated the influence on the CIT of the magnitude of emotional arousal at memory encoding of a mock crime, using the P300 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP). In accord with the assumptions of excitation-transfer theory, we presented emotionally arousing pictures before a mock crime. Participants were randomly assigned to either a high emotional arousal group (n = 10) or a low emotional arousal group (n = 11), viewing pictures expected to arouse emotion at a high or low level, respectively. Subsequently, all participants enacted the same mock crime, in which they were instructed to stab a pillow with a sharp-edged tool (e.g., a kitchen knife or ice pick) as if harassing a mannequin lying on a bed. After the antecedent emotional experience, the P300-based CIT was conducted. Participants in the high arousal group showed significantly greater P300 amplitudes in response to a probe stimulus compared with the low arousal group. No differences were found between the groups in response to irrelevant stimuli. These results support the notion that emotional arousal influences the P300 in the CIT paradigm.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02334

Neural and Genetic Correlates of the Social Sharing of Happiness

Masahiro Matsunaga, Hiroaki Kawamichi, Tomohiro Umemura, Reiko Hori, Eiji Shibata, Fumio Kobayashi, Kohta Suzuki, Keiko Ishii, Yohsuke Ohtsubo, Yasuki Noguchi, Misaki Ochi, Hidenori Yamasue, Hideki Ohira

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE Vol. 11 ( DEC ) page： 718 2017

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：FRONTIERS MEDIA SA

Happiness is regarded as one of the most fundamental human goals. Given recent reports that positive feelings are contagious (e.g., the presence of a happy person enhances others' happiness) because of the human ability to empathize (i.e., sharing emotions), empathic ability may be a key factor in increasing one's own subjective level of happiness. Based on previous studies indicating that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the serotonin 2A receptor gene [HTR2A rs6311 guanine (G) vs. adenine (A)] is associated with sensitivity to emotional stimuli and several mental disorders such as depression, we predicted that the polymorphism might be associated with the effect of sharing happiness. To elucidate the neural and genetic correlates of the effect of sharing happiness, we first performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a "happy feelings" evocation task (emotional event imagination task), during which we manipulated the valence of the imagined event (positive, neutral, or negative), as well as the presence of a friend experiencing a positive-valence event (presence or absence). We recruited young adult women for this fMRI study because empathic ability may be higher in women than in men. Participants felt happier (p < 0.01) and the mentalizing/ theory-of-mind network, which spans the medial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, temporal poles, and precuneus, was significantly more active (p < 0.05) in the presence condition than in the absence condition regardless of event valence. Moreover, participants with the GG (p < 0.01) and AG (p < 0.05) genotypes of HTR2A experienced happier feelings as well as greater activation of a part of the mentalizing/ theory-of-mind network (p < 0.05) during empathy for happiness (neutral/presence condition) than those with the AA genotype. In a follow-up study with a vignette-based questionnaire conducted in a relatively large sample, male and female participants were presented with the same imagined events wherein their valence and the presence of a friend were manipulated. Results showed genetic differences in happiness-related empathy regardless of sex (p < 0.05). Findings suggest that HTR2A polymorphisms are associated with the effect of sharing happiness by modulating the activity of the mentalizing/ theory-of-mind network.

DOI： 10.3389/fnins.2017.00718

Influences of Diaper Types on the Physical and Psychological Burden Experienced by Mothers and Infants while Changing Diapers

座談会：「感情の心理学的構成主義に見るこれからの感情研究」

大平英樹, 木村健太, 白井真理子, 藤原健

エモーション・スタディーズ Vol. 3 ( 1 ) page： 38 - 51 2017

脳活動の同期を導くメカニズムー定藤論文へのコメントー Reviewed

大平英樹

心理学評論 Vol. 59 ( 3 ) page： 283-291 2017

内受容感覚に基づく行動の制御

大平英樹

BRAIN and NERVE-神経研究の進歩 Vol. 69 page： 383 - 395 2017

SUGA Ayami, TANGE Akiko, ISHIKAWA Hiroki, URAGUCHI Maki, OHIRA Hideki

Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering Vol. 16 ( 2 ) page： 197 - 203 2017

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Kansei Engineering

When infants are in their crawling stage, both mothers and infants experience difficulties while changing diapers. We evaluated the effects of pull-up type diaper on physical and psychological burden in comparison to the nappy-type diaper. Twenty-four mother-infant dyads participated in this study. According to the behavioral observation analysis, negative behaviors of mothers and infants while changing pull-up type diapers were significantly lesser than while changing the nappy-type. Pull-up type diapers took mothers 30% lesser time to change, while allowing infants more physical movements than the nappy-type. A spectral analysis of infants' heart rate variability showed that low-high frequency ratio and the change in normalized unit percentage (Nu%) were significantly lower when pull-up type diapers were changed. Negative emotion-related behaviors of both mothers and infants significantly correlated with change in Nu% of infants. Lower physical and psychological burden while changing diapers was associated with pull-up type diapers.

DOI： 10.5057/jjske.tjske-d-16-00092

Predictive coding, interoception, and affect

Ohira Hideki

Emotion Studies Vol. 3 ( 1 ) page： 2 - 12 2017

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society for Research on Emotions

Lisa Feldman-Barrett, who has promoted a psychological constructivism theory of affect, recently proposed the Embodied Predictive Interoception Coding (EPIC) model of affect, on the basis of the perspective of predictive coding. The theoretical framework of predictive coding argues that the brain creates inner models which can provide predictions for perception and motor movement, and that perception and behaviors are emerged from Bayesian computations rooted on the predictions. The EPIC model expands this perspective into interoception, which is perception of inner body states, and tries to explain phenomena of affect as integrative experiences based on interoception. This article introduces concepts of the EPIC model and examines the model by referencing to empirical findings.

DOI： 10.20797/ems.3.1_2

Heart-rate deceleration predicting the determination of costly punishment: Implications for its involvement in cognitive effort expended in overriding self-interest Reviewed

内受容感覚に基づく行動の制 Reviewed

大平英樹

BRAIN and NERVE-神経研究の進歩 Vol. 69(4) page： 383 - 395 2017

S. ボウルズ・H. ギンタス（著）竹澤正哲・大槻　久・高橋伸幸・稲葉美里・波多野礼佳（訳）『協力する種：制度と心の共進化』（2017年，NTT出版）

大坪庸介, 中尾央, 大平英樹

社会心理学研究 Vol. 33 ( 1 ) page： 39 - 44 2017

Robot as Moral Agent: A Philosophical and Empirical Approach. Reviewed

Shoji Nagataki, Masayoshi Shibata, Tatsuya Kashiwabata, Takashi Hashimoto, Takeshi Konno, Hideki Ohira, Toshihiko Miura, Shinichi Kubota

Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, CogSci 2017, London, UK, 16-29 July 2017 2017

Takahiro Osumi, Hideki Ohira

International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol. 109 page： 29 - 36 2016.11

Self-Other Distinction Enhanced Empathic Responses in Individuals with Alexithymia Reviewed

Natsuki Saito, Takemasa Yokoyama, Hideki Ohira

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS Vol. 6 page： 35059 2016.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP

Although empathy is important for social interactions, individuals with alexithymia have low empathic ability, particularly where advanced empathy is concerned (empathic concern, perspective taking). It has been argued that awareness of the self-other distinction enhances advanced empathy, and alexithymics are thought to inadequately distinguish the self from others. We therefore tested whether the self-other distinction increases advanced empathy in alexithymics. To this end, we presented painful hand images over participants' own hands, and required participants to estimate felt pain intensity and their affective states. Half of the participants got specific instructions to distinct themselves from the other in the images. Felt pain intensity (perspective taking) and other-oriented affective responses (empathic concern) were increased by the instructions only when participants had high alexithymia scores as measured by questionnaire, although self-oriented affective responses (personal distress) were not affected by the instructions. These findings indicate that enhancing the self-other distinction enhances alexithymics' ability to use advanced empathy, but not the primitive empathy.

DOI： 10.1038/srep35059

Prolonged effects of acute stress on decision-making under risk: A human psychophysiological study

Prolonged Effects of Acute Stress on Decision-Making under Risk: A Human Psychophysiological Study

Yamakawa Kaori, Ohira Hideki, Matsunaga Masahiro, Isowa Tokiko

FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE Vol. 10 2016.9

Yamakawa K., Ohira H., Matsunaga M., Isowa T.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Vol. 10 ( SEP2016 ) 2016.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

This study investigates the prolonged effects of physiological responses induced by acute stress on risk-taking in decision-making. Participants were divided into a Stress group (N = 14) and a Control group (N = 12). The Trier Social Stress Test was administered as an acute stressor, and reading was administered as a control task; thereafter, participants performed a decision-making task in which they needed to choose a sure option or a gamble option in Gain and Loss frame trials 2 h after (non-) exposure to the stressor. Increased cortisol, adrenaline, heart rate (HR), and subjective stress levels validated acute stress manipulation. Stressed participants made fewer risky choices only in the Gain domain, whereas no effect of stress was shown in the Loss domain. Deceleration of HR reflecting attention was greater for Gains compared with Losses only in the Stress group. Risk avoidance was determined by increased levels of cortisol caused by acute stress. These results suggest that processes regarding glucocorticoid might be involved in the prolonged effects of acute stress on the evaluation of risks and the monitoring of outcomes in decision-making.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00444

Prolonged Effects of Acute Stress on Decision-Making under Risk: A Human Psychophysiological Study Reviewed

Kaori Yamakawa, Hideki Ohira, Masahiro Matsunaga, Tokiko Isowa

FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE Vol. 10 2016.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：FRONTIERS MEDIA SA

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00444

Fast and slow changes: Comparison of psychological and physiological outcomes between 5, 10, and 20 minutes of aroma massage

Introduction

OHIRA Hideki

Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology Vol. 34 ( 2 ) page： 63 - 63 2016.8

Recent advances of research on emotion in Japan

Ohira Hideki

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 51 page： 529 - 529 2016.7

Interoception and affective decision-making

Ohira Hideki

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 51 page： 529 - 529 2016.7

Maki Uraguchi, Hideki Ohira

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 51 page： 292 - 293 2016.7

Effect of emotional arousal at memory encoding on the subliminal Concealed Information Test (CIT) using Event related potential and Reaction time

Akemi Osugi, Hideki Ohira

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 51 page： 930 - 930 2016.7

Three-year follow-up outcomes of SES and PES in a randomized controlled study stratified by the presence of diabetes mellitus: J-DEsSERT trial

Nakamura M., Muramatsu T., Yokoi H., Okada H., Ochiai M., Suwa S., Hozawa H., Kawai K., Awata M., Mukawa H., Fujita H., Shiode N., Asano R., Tsukamoto Y., Yamada T., Yasumura Y., Ohira H., Miyamoto A., Takashima H., Ogawa T., Ito S., Matsuyama Y., Nanto S.

International Journal of Cardiology Vol. 208 page： 4 - 12 2016.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：International Journal of Cardiology

Background Three-year clinical follow-up of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Japan-Drug Eluting Stents Evaluation; a Randomized Trial (J-DESsERT) using 2 different drug eluting stents (DES). A recent study demonstrated that efficacy of sirolimus eluting stents (SES) attenuated over time in diabetic patients. Methods In the largest trial of its kind, 1724 DM patients out of 3533 enrolled patients were randomized to either SES or paclitaxel eluting stents (PES). Results There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics aside from hypertension. Incidence of major adverse cardiac cerebrovascular events (MACCE) mainly due to higher target vessel failure (TVF) initially indicated a benefit in SES (MACCE rate at 1 year: SES 9.4%, PES 12.2%, p = 0.08); however this had attenuated by the time of the 3-year follow-up (MACCE rate from 1 to 3 years: SES 8.4%, PES 6.1%, p = 0.10). A similar pattern was observed in insulin-treated patients: MACCE rate from 1 to 3 years was 10.5% in SES and 6.4% in PES (p = 0.25). Angiographic follow-up also resulted in higher major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rates at 1 year (presence 11.5%, absence 8.3%, p = 0.04); however by 3 years rates were similar regardless of the presence of angiographic follow-up (MACE rate at 3 years: presence 16.0%, absence 14.5%, p = 0.35). Conclusions The superiority of SES over PES in MACCE at 1 year had attenuated by 3-year follow-up. Eventually, the 3-year safety and efficacy profiles were similar regardless of insulin treatment.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.01.023

Effects of short-duration aromatherapy massage on anxiety and self-esteem: A pilot study with 20-, 10-, and 5-minute sessions

URAGUCHI Maki, OHIRA Hideki

Japan Journal of Aromatherapy Vol. 16 ( 2 ) page： 42 - 51 2016.3

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Aroma Environment Association of Japan

This study evaluated the effects of short-duration aromatherapy massage (AM) on state anxiety and state self-esteem. Six healthy graduate students completed a 5-min pre-rest and either an AM or rest intervention followed by a 15-min post-rest before going to a desk. They filled out self-report measures of state anxiety and state self-esteem at three points: after the pre-rest, after the intervention, and after moving to the desk. Each received six interventions: 20-min, 10-min, and 5-min AM and 20-min, 10-min, and 5-min rest. Sweet orange essential oil was used in all AM interventions. Both state anxiety (p=.007) and state self-esteem (p=.047) after moving to the desk differed significantly between AM and rest conditions. In the AM condition, state anxiety decreased significantly (p=.024) and state self-esteem increased significantly (p=.038). State anxiety, but not state self-esteem, differed significantly between AM and rest conditions in all three durations. In a correlation analysis, state self-esteem noticeably differed between AM and rest conditions only in the 20-min condition. Results suggest that state anxiety may be reduced by a 5-min AM but state self-esteem may require a lengthier intervention.

DOI： 10.15035/aeaj.160203

Involvement of the Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Learning Others' Bad Reputations and Indelible Distrust

Atsunobu Suzuki, Yuichi Ito, Sachiko Kiyama, Mitsunobu Kunimi, Hideki Ohira, Jun Kawaguchi, Hiroki C. Tanabe, Toshiharu Nakai

FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE Vol. 10 ( FEB2016 ) page： 28 2016.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：FRONTIERS MEDIA SA

A bad reputation can persistently affect judgments of an individual even when it turns out to be invalid and ought to be disregarded. Such indelible distrust may reflect that the negative evaluation elicited by a bad reputation transfers to a person. Consequently, the person him/herself may come to activate this negative evaluation irrespective of the accuracy of the reputation. If this theoretical model is correct, an evaluation-related brain region will be activated when witnessing a person whose bad reputation one has learned about, regardless of whether the reputation is deemed valid or not. Here, we tested this neural hypothesis with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants memorized faces paired with either a good or a bad reputation. Next, they viewed the faces alone and inferred whether each person was likely to cooperate, first while retrieving the reputations, and then while trying to disregard them as false. A region of the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vIPFC), which may be involved in negative evaluation, was activated by faces previously paired with bad reputations, irrespective of whether participants attempted to retrieve or disregard these reputations. Furthermore, participants showing greater activity of the left ventrolateral prefrontal region in response to the faces with bad reputations were more likely to infer that these individuals would not cooperate. Thus, once associated with a bad reputation, a person may elicit evaluation related brain responses on their own, thereby evoking distrust independently of their reputation.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00028

Prolonged effects of acute stress on decision-making under risk : A human psychophysiological study Reviewed

Yamakawa, K., Matsunaga, M., Ohira, H. & Isowa, T.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Vol. 10 2016

Mechanism underlying synchronization of brain activity: Comments on Sadato’s article

Ohira Hideki

JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW Vol. 59 ( 3 ) page： 283 - 291 2016

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW

Studies using hyperscanning have reported coordination of behaviors among 2 persons who performed interactive tasks. Synchronization of brain activity is an underlying mechanism of behavioral coordination. This article proposes a mathematical model (the “Kuramoto model”) which describes a phenomenon called entrainment of oscillator to explain how synchronization of brain activity emerges and which factors affect brain synchronization. A model, including 4 oscillators (inferior frontal gyri and middle temporal gyri in 2 persons) suggested that 1) similarity of oscillation frequencies in brain regions is critical for synchronization of brain activity, 2) patients on the autism spectrum might have different oscillation frequencies in their brain regions resulting in impairment of fluent communication, and 3) learning of important pathways from one person to another person can facilitate synchronization of brain activity, and thus probably can improve communication and behavioral coordination.

DOI： 10.24602/sjpr.59.3_283

Decision-making and physiological responses in public goods game

幸福感を高める心理学的介入による心身の健康の増進

松永昌宏, 小林章雄, 柴田英治, 大竹恵子, 大平英樹

Medical Science Digest Vol. 42 ( 1 ) page： 2 - 5 2016

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (other academic) Publisher：(株)ニュー・サイエンス社

本研究では、幸福感を高めるような心理学的介入の心身の健康状態に対する効果を検証した。実験の結果、毎日起きた出来事について、その時感じた自分の感情を素直に記述して一日を振り返るという、感情体験の自己開示を1週間行うことにより、幸福感の上昇、うつ症状の減少、身体的活性化(交感神経活動の上昇)を促すことが示された。また、幸福感の変化と唾液中CRP濃度(炎症マーカー)・sIgA濃度(免疫機能マーカー)との間に相関が認められた。本研究により、筆記による感情体験の自己開示は心身の健康状態を増進させることが示された。(著者抄録)

Saito Natsuki, Ando Yuki, Ohira Hideki

Journal of Human Environmental Studies Vol. 14 ( 1 ) page： 17 - 22 2016

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Society for Human Environmental Studies

A social dilemma has been defined as a situation in which (a) each group member receives a higher payoff for defecting than for cooperative behaviors, and (b) all group members receive a lower payoff if they all defect than if they all cooperate (Dawes, 1980). The free-rider problem is associated with this social dilemma. The public goods game (PGG) is a decision-making task simulating the above social dilemma, and a number of previous studies have indicated that introducing punishment increases cooperation in the PGG. Although many studies have indicated that physiological responses affected by participants' behaviors when performing punishment-related tasks, this association has not been investigated to date in relation to PGG. Therefore, we investigated physiological responses in the PGG to elucidate the association between physiological responses and choices in the PGG. Participants performed both an ordinary PGG and a PGG that included probabilistic punishment. Heart rate (HR) responses were compared when participants contributed and did not contribute in the two types of PGGs. Results indicated that when others' choices were presented in the ordinary PGG, peak HR acceleration was higher after participants choose a non-cooperative behavior than a cooperative behavior, whereas when others' choices were presented in PGG with punishment, HR decelerated after participants choose a non-cooperative behavior than a cooperative behavior. These results suggest that cooperative behaviors in PGG with punishment are associated with punishment given to others, whereas cooperative behaviors in the PGG without punishment are associated with larger rewards without costs. These findings extend our understanding of the relationship between cooperative behaviors and physiological responses associated with social dilemmas.

DOI： 10.4189/shes.14.17

Value, prediction, and error: Decision-making systems underlying social mind Reviewed

Ohira Hideki

Emotion Studies Vol. 2 ( 1 ) page： 46 - 55 2016

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society for Research on Emotions

Though brain regions which are related to social behaviors and social affects have been widely elucidated, the mechanisms how those regions determine social mind are not understood. Here I suggest that a theoretical framework inspired by research on decision-making and reinforcement learning might be useful to consider the mechanisms underlying human’s social mind. Specifically, it has been argued that three systems of decision-making, the Pavlovian system, goal-directed system, and habit system interact, based on evaluation of values, to determine wide ranges of behaviors of humans and animals. The present article proposes that such framework can be expanded to social behaviors and social affect, to shed new lights on interpretations of significance of the social phenomena and to draw new hypotheses for future empirical studies.

DOI： 10.20797/ems.2.1_46

A psychobiological perspective on cognition and decision making: views from neuroendocrinological studies

Prolonged Effects of Acute Stress on Decision-Making under Risk: A Human Psychophysiological Study.

Yamakawa K, Ohira H, Matsunaga M, Isowa T

Frontiers in human neuroscience Vol. 10 page： 444 2016

Kimura Kenta, Izawa Shuhei, Ryoke Rie, Yamakawa Kaori, Hakamata Yuko, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 79 ( 0 ) page： SS-041 - SS-041 2015.9

The physiological response in Public Goods Game with punishment

Saito Natsuki, Ando Yuki, Hayashi Hiroki, Kamide Momoko, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 79 ( 0 ) page： 3EV-031 - 3EV-031 2015.9

Computational science and psychology

Ohira Hideki, Bai Yu, Suzuki Reiji, Ohira Toru

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 79 ( 0 ) page： IS-008 - IS-008 2015.9

The effect of relative incentive value in anticipating phase

Toyama Asako, Tanabe Hiroki, Ishizuka Akira, Isoda Haruo, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 79 ( 0 ) page： 3AM-057 - 3AM-057 2015.9

Effect of heart rate variability biofeedback on psychophysiological responses following acute stress task

Sugiura Yuko, Matsunaga Masahiro, Sakakibara Masahito, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 79 ( 0 ) page： 2AM-059 - 2AM-059 2015.9

The computational profile of learning in psychopathy.

Oba Takeyuki, Katahira Kentaro, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 79 ( 0 ) page： 3EV-005 - 3EV-005 2015.9

Effects of empathy for in-group on behavioral and psychophysiological responses

Ando Yuki, Saito Natsuki, Hayashi Hiroki, Kamide Momoko, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 79 ( 0 ) page： 3EV-025 - 3EV-025 2015.9

Inverse relationship between empathy and subjective happiness

Matsunaga Masahiro, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 79 ( 0 ) page： 2EV-103 - 2EV-103 2015.9

Frontiers of study on rumination: some contribution by Japanese researchers

Hasegawa Akira, Nishimura Haruki, Kunisato Yoshihiko, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 79 ( 0 ) page： SS-063 - SS-063 2015.9

Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism modulates inflammatory cytokine responses during acute stress

Kaori Yamakawa, Masahiro Matsunaga, Tokiko Isowa, Hideki Ohira

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS Vol. 5 page： 13852 2015.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP

Cytokines are important mediators of various stress-related modulations of immune function. A major genetic factor determining inter-individual differences in stress reactivity is polymorphisms of the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) transporter (5HTT) gene. A short (S) variant, compared with a long (L) variant, of the promoter region of the 5HTT gene-linked polymorphic region (5HTTLPR) has been related to emotional and stress hyper-reactivity. The present study examined whether the 5HTTLPR can modulate responses of inflammatory cytokines under acute stress. Nine Japanese male participants carrying two copies of the S alleles and nine Japanese males carrying S and L alleles underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Inflammatory cytokines, endocrine parameters, heart rate and subjective stress were measured before, during and after the task. The participants carrying the SS alleles, but not those carrying the SL alleles, showed a significant increase of IL-1 beta immediately after TSST. This hyper-reactivity to acute stress in individuals with the SS alleles was also observed in their heart rate and cortisol levels. These results suggest that the S allele of the 5HTTLPR is consistently associated with stress reactivity in multi-level stress-related biological systems.

DOI： 10.1038/srep13852

Insular neural system controls decision-making in healthy and methamphetamine-treated rats

Insular neural system controls decision-making in healthy and methamphetamine-treated rats.

Mizoguchi H, Katahira K, Inutsuka A, Fukumoto K, Nakamura A, Wang T, Nagai T, Sato J, Sawada M, Ohira H, Yamanaka A, Yamada K

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Vol. 112 ( 29 ) page： E3930 - 9 2015.7

Mizoguchi H., Katahira K., Inutsuka A., Fukumoto K., Nakamura A., Wang T., Nagai T., Sato J., Sawada M., Ohira H., Yamanaka A., Yamada K.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Vol. 112 ( 29 ) page： E3930 - E3939 2015.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Patients suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders such as substance-related and addictive disorders exhibit altered decision-making patterns, which may be associated with their behavioral abnormalities. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying such impairments are largely unknown. Using a gambling test, we demonstrated that methamphetamine (METH)-treated rats chose a high-risk/high-reward option more frequently and assigned higher value to high returns than control rats, suggestive of changes in decision-making choice strategy. Immunohistochemical analysis following the gambling test revealed aberrant activation of the insular cortex (INS) and nucleus accumbens in METH-treated animals. Pharmacological studies, together with in vivo microdialysis, showed that the insular neural system played a crucial role in decision-making. Moreover, manipulation of INS activation using designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug technology resulted in alterations to decision-making. Our findings suggest that the INS is a critical region involved in decision-making and that insular neural dysfunction results in risk-taking behaviors associated with altered decision-making.

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.1418014112

Insular neural system controls decision-making in healthy and methamphetamine-treated rats

Mizoguchi Hiroyuki, Katahira Kentaro, Inutsuka Ayumu, Fukumoto Kazuya, Nakamura Akihiro, Wang Tian, Nagai Taku, Sato Jun, Sawada Makoto, Ohira Hideki, Yamanaka Akihiro, Yamada Kiyofumi

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Vol. 112 ( 29 ) page： E3930 - E3939 2015.7

Insular neural system controls decision-making in healthy and methamphetamine-treated rats. Reviewed

2015.7

Insular neural system controls decision-making in healthy and methamphetamine-treated rats Reviewed

Hiroyuki Mizoguchi, Kentaro Katahira, Ayumu Inutsuka, Kazuya Fukumoto, Akihiro Nakamura, Tian Wang, Taku Nagai, Jun Sato, Makoto Sawada, Hideki Ohira, Akihiro Yamanaka, Kiyofumi Yamada

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Vol. 112 ( 29 ) page： E3930 - E3939 2015.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：NATL ACAD SCIENCES

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.1418014112

Diabetes Mellitus is Associated With Low Secretion Rates of Immunoglobulin A in Saliva. Reviewed

Oikawa J, Ukawa S, Ohira H, Kawamura T, Wakai K, Ando M, Hata A, Tamakoshi A

Journal of epidemiology Vol. 25 ( 7 ) page： 470 - 474 2015.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Epidemiological Association

Background: The association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and low secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) secretion rates is one mechanism suspected of influencing susceptibility to infections among DM patients. However, several studies have shown contradictory results. We examined these two factors to seek evidence of an association among older people. Methods: We analyzed a prospective cohort of 2306 subjects (1209 men and 1097 women) around 64 years old from the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation (NISSIN) Project in Nisshin, Japan. DM statuses were ascertained from levels of fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c, and s-IgA secretion rates were obtained from 5-min saliva samples. We used an analysis of covariance adjusted for possible confounders to compare s-IgA secretion rates according to DM status. Results: s-IgA secretion rates in DM participants were lower than in those classified as normal (18.6 µg/min vs 15.0 µg/min, P = 0.03), even after elimination of the effects of possible confounders. Conclusions: DM was associated with lower s-IgA secretion rates. This suggests that lower s-IgA levels may be a mechanism of susceptibility to infection in individuals with DM.

DOI： 10.2188/jea.JE20140088

社会経済地位とこころの健康の関連性ストレスマーカー炎症性サイトカインを用いて

山川香織, 松永昌宏, 大平英樹

東海学園大学研究紀要(人文科学研究編) ( 20 ) page： 85 - 91 2015.3

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：東海学園大学

近年、主観的に社会経済地位(subjective Social Economics Status:sSES)を低く評価している人は精神的健康のトラブルを引き起こしやすいということが報告されている。その背景には社会心理的ストレスが関係しているとし、ストレスマーカーによる知見が蓄積されているが、未だ不明な点が多い。本研究ではストレスマーカーとして炎症性サイトカインを用い、主観的社会経済地位と精神的健康の関連性について検討を行った。この結果、低い社会経済的地位の評価が高い炎症性サイトカイン値を示すことが明らかとなった。さらに、男性においてのみ社会経済地位と炎症性サイトカインとの間に負の相関が認められた。本研究によって、男性における社会経済地位の健康問題に炎症性サイトカインが寄与する可能性が示唆された。(著者抄録)

Do the letters F, A and S represent Indonesian letter fluency stimuli?

Hendrawan, D; Hatta, T; Ohira, H

ASIA-PACIFIC PSYCHIATRY Vol. 7 ( 1 ) page： 64 - 71 2015.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Asia-Pacific Psychiatry

Introduction: The letters F, A and S, originally used in the English letter fluency stimuli test, have been frequently adopted to assess executive function in many languages. However, few studies reported the significance of FAS testing employed in different languages. The current study explored whether FAS could be widely applied to the Indonesian language. Methods: A total of 211 undergraduate students from state and private universities who participated in this study were randomly assigned into four groups. Each group was exposed to six different letter fluency stimuli. The total number of words the participants produced for each letter stimulus were averaged and ranked to determine the degree of difficulty in generating words. Furthermore, the normal distribution and equal ratio comparison were examined to verify the representative letter fluency stimuli. In addition, the effect of sex and university affiliation on letter fluency performance was also analyzed. Results: The letters A and S were among the easiest letters used to generate words; however, the letter F was regarded as a difficult stimulus. Furthermore, only the number of words beginning the letter S was distributed according to a normal curve. The number of words starting with the letters F and A were not normally distributed. Although sex difference was not associated with letter fluency performance, difference in university affiliation showed a significant effect on performance. Discussion: Our findings suggest that consideration of several stimuli factors is required to accurately measure performance in the letter fluency task in a specific language.

DOI： 10.1111/appy.12082

Interoception and decision-making

Valence-separated representation of reward prediction error in feedback-related negativity and positivity. Reviewed

Bai, Y., Katahira, K., & Ohira, H.

Neuroreport Vol. 26 ( 3 ) page： 157-162 2015.2

Valence-separated representation of reward prediction error in feedback-related negativity and positivity.

Bai Y, Katahira K, Ohira H

Neuroreport Vol. 26 ( 3 ) page： 157 - 62 2015.2

Valence-separated representation of reward prediction error in feedback-related negativity and positivity

Bai Yu, Katahira Kentaro, Ohira Hideki

NEUROREPORT Vol. 26 ( 3 ) page： 157 - 162 2015.2

Analysis of skin conductance response during evaluation of preferences for cosmetic products

Ohira Hideki, Hirao Naoyasu

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 6 2015.2

Ohira H.

Japanese Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology Vol. 35 ( 1 ) page： 11 - 18 2015.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

We sometimes make decisions relying not necessarily on deliberative thoughts but on intuitive and emotional processes in uncertain situations. The somatic marker hypothesis proposed by Damasio argued that interoception, which means bodily responses such as sympathetic activity, can be represented in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex and can play critical roles in decision-making. Though this hypothesis has been criticized in its theoretical and empirical aspects, recent studies are expanding the hypothesis to elucidate multiple bodily responses including autonomic, endocrine, and immune activities that affect decision-making. In addition, cumulative findings suggest that the anterior insula where the inner model of interoception is represented can act as an interface between the brain and body in decision-making. This article aims to survey recent findings on the brain-body interplays underlying decision-making, and to propose hypotheses on the significance of the body in decision-making.

Valence-separated representation of reward prediction error in feedback-related negativity and positivity Reviewed

Yu Bai, Kentaro Katahira, Hideki Ohira

NEUROREPORT Vol. 26 ( 3 ) page： 157 - 162 2015.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

Feedback-related negativity (FRN) is an event-related brain potential (ERP) component elicited by errors and negative outcomes. Previous studies proposed that FRN reflects the activity of a general error-processing system that incorporates reward prediction error (RPE). However, other studies reported inconsistent results on this issue - namely, that FRN only reflects the valence of feedback and that the magnitude of RPE is reflected by the other ERP component called P300. The present study focused on the relationship between the FRN amplitude and RPE. ERPs were recorded during a reversal learning task performed by the participants, and a computational model was used to estimate trial-by-trial RPEs, which we correlated with the ERPs. The results indicated that FRN and P300 reflected the magnitude of RPE in negative outcomes and positive outcomes, respectively. In addition, the correlation between RPE and the P300 amplitude was stronger than the correlation between RPE and the FRN amplitude. These differences in the correlation between ERP and RPE components may explain the inconsistent results reported by previous studies; the asymmetry in the correlations might make it difficult to detect the effect of the RPE magnitude on the FRN and makes it appear that the FRN only reflects the valence of feedback. Copyright (c) 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1097/WNR.0000000000000318

Interoception and decision-making

Ohira Hideki

JAPANESE JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY Vol. 35 ( 1 ) page： 11 - 18 2015.2

Analysis of skin conductance response during evaluation of preferences for cosmetic products Reviewed

Hideki Ohira, Naoyasu Hirao

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 6 2015.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION

We analyzed skin conductance response (SCR) as a psychophysiological index to evaluate affective aspects of consumer preferences for cosmetic products. To examine the test-retest reliability of association between preferences and SCR, we asked 33 female volunteers to complete two experimental sessions approximately 1 year apart. The participants indicated their preferences in a typical paired comparison task by choosing the better option from a combination of two products among four products. We measured anticipatory SCR prior to expressions of the preferences. We found that the mean amplitude of the SCR elicited by the preferred products was significantly larger than that elicited by the non-preferred products. The participants' preferences and corresponding SCR patterns were well preserved at the second session 1 year later. Our results supported cumulating findings that SCR is a useful index of consumer preferences that has future potential, both in laboratory and marketing settings.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00103

DNA Barcoding of Japanese Click Beetles (Coleoptera, Elateridae)

Oba, Y; Ohira, H; Murase, Y; Moriyama, A; Kumazawa, Y

PLOS ONE Vol. 10 ( 1 ) page： e0116612 2015.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PLoS ONE

Click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) represent one of the largest groups of beetle insects. Some click beetles in larval form, known as wireworms, are destructive agricultural pests. Morphological identification of click beetles is generally difficult and requires taxonomic expertise. This study reports on the DNA barcoding of Japanese click beetles to enable their rapid and accurate identification. We collected and assembled 762 cytochrome oxidase subunit I barcode sequences from 275 species, which cover approximately 75% of the common species found on the Japanese main island, Honshu. This barcode library also contains 20 out of the 21 potential pest species recorded in Japan. Our analysis shows that most morphologically identified species form distinct phylogenetic clusters separated from each other by large molecular distances. This supports the general usefulness of the DNA barcoding approach for quick and reliable identification of Japanese elaterid species for environmental impact assessment, agricultural pest control, and biodiversity analysis. On the other hand, the taxonomic boundary in dozens of species did not agree with the boundary of barcode index numbers (a criterion for sequence-based species delimitation). These findings urge taxonomic reinvestigation of these mismatched taxa.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0116612

内受容感覚と意思決定 Reviewed

大平英樹

日本神経精神薬理学雑誌 Vol. 35 page： 11-18 2015

ストレスと認知機能：脳と身体の機能的相関 Reviewed

大平英樹

ストレス科学 Vol. 29 page： 13-23 2015

Analysis of skin conductance response during evaluation of preferences for cosmetic products. Reviewed

Ohira, H., & Hirao, N.

Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 6 2015

Editorial

Ohira Hideki

THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS Vol. 22 ( 3 ) page： 135 - 135 2015

意思決定という虚構

大平英樹

中村靖子編著『虚構の形而上学　「あること」と「ないこと」のあいだで』／春風社 Vol. － page： 317 - 360 2015

内受容感覚と意思決定 Reviewed

大平英樹

日本神経精神薬理学雑誌 Vol. 35 page： 11-18 2015

ストレスと認知機能：脳と身体の機能的相関 Reviewed

大平英樹

ストレス科学 Vol. 29 page： 13-23 2015

Principles to emerge empathy

Ohira Hideki

Emotion Studies Vol. 1 ( 1 ) page： 56 - 62 2015

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society for Research on Emotions

As basic principles to explain emergence of empathy in humans, this article proposes a theoretical framework of “bottom-up empathy” and “top-down empathy.” The former is driven by external stimuli and emerged on the basis of physical and autonomic properties of neural systems. The latter means processes to infer others’ intentions, thoughts, and emotions based on mental models which are maintained in cognitive systems. The bottom-up empathy can be realized by synchronization of spontaneous fluctuation of neural activity in brain regions including the inferior lateral prefrontal cortex and insula, among two or plural persons. The top-down empathy can be rooted in neural systems for the mentalizing or “theory of mind”, including the medial prefrontal cortex, superior temporal sulcus, temporal–parietal junction, and insula. Probably the insula which is an interface of the brain and body might be a key brain region which can connect the bottom-up empathy and top-down empathy. This theoretical framework might be useful to explore characteristics of human empathy and to apply the basic findings into real world phenomena.

DOI： 10.20797/ems.1.1_56

Valence-separated representation of reward prediction error in feedback-related negativity and positivity

内受容感覚と意思決定

大平英樹

日本神経精神薬理学 Vol. 35 page： 11 - 18 2015

Bai Y., Katahira K., Ohira H.

NeuroReport Vol. 26 ( 3 ) page： 157 - 162 2015

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：NeuroReport

DOI： 10.1097/WNR.0000000000000318

Analysis of skin conductance response during evaluation of preferences for cosmetic products

Brain-body mechanisms underlying affective decision-making based on prior experiences

大平英樹

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory and Human Well Being: Interdisciplinary Perspectives Vol. － page： 73 - 85 2015

Analysis of skin conductance response during evaluation of preferences for cosmetic products.

Ohira H, Hirao N

Frontiers in psychology Vol. 6 page： 103 2015

Ohira H., Hirao N.

Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 6 ( FEB ) 2015

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Frontiers in Psychology

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00103

Effects of perspective-taking on the pain empathy in alexithymia

Modulation of emotion elicitation by prior cognitive activity: An fMRI study

Saea Tohira, Hiroki C. Tanabe, Akira Ishizuka, Tamotsu Kawai, Haruo Isoda, Hideki Ohira

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 94 ( 2 ) page： 243 - 243 2014.11

Natsuki Saito, Hideki Ohira

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 94 ( 2 ) page： 247 - 248 2014.11

17th World Congress of Psychophysiology (IOP2014), Hiroshima, Japan

Nittono, H; Onoda, K; Ohira, H; Ozaki, H

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 94 ( 2 ) page： 109 - 110 2014.11

Amygdala Connectivity during Implicit Attenuation of Emotion by Cognitive Activity

Tohira Saea, Tanabe Hiroki C., Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 78 ( 0 ) page： 3AM-2-004 - 3AM-2-004 2014.9

The mission of psychological approach to psychopathology.

Moriya Jun, Iijima Yudai, Sasaki Jun, Mori Masaki, Nishiguchi Yuki, Asai Tomohisa, Mohri Ibuki, Ohira Hideki, Sugiura Yoshinori

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 78 ( 0 ) page： SS-093 - SS-093 2014.9

Affect, learning, and decision-making

Ohira Hideki, Katahira Kentaro, Watanabe Noriya, Mizoguchi Hiroyuki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 78 ( 0 ) page： SS-002 - SS-002 2014.9

Neural correlates of the persistence of learned reputations

Suzuki Atsunobu, Ito Yuichi, Kiyama Sachiko, Kunimi Mitsunobu, Ohira Hideki, Kawaguchi Jun, Tanabe Hiroki, Nakai Toshiharu

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 78 ( 0 ) page： 1PM-1-070 - 1PM-1-070 2014.9

What is an emotion?: Exploring associations with brain science, cognitive science, and social science.

Yogo Masao, Ishii Keiko, Sato Wataru, Terasaawa Yuri, Sakaki Michiko, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 78 ( 0 ) page： IS-006 - IS-006 2014.9

Study on the relationship between the strength of the subjective guilty feeling and behavioral, physiological response

Mizukami Takahiro, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 78 ( 0 ) page： 2PM-2-013 - 2PM-2-013 2014.9

The study of temporal discounting and time estimation in psychopathy

Oba Takeyuki, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 78 ( 0 ) page： 2EV-1-004 - 2EV-1-004 2014.9

Effects of emotional context during encoding: An advantage for negative context in immediate recognition and positive context in delayed recognition. Reviewed

Toyama,A., Katsuhara,M., Sakurai,Y., & Ohira,H.

Psychology Vol. 5 ( 9 ) page： 994-1000 2014.7

Effects of emotional context during encoding: An advantage for negative context in immediate recognition and positive context in delayed recognition. Reviewed

Toyama,A, Katsuhara,M, Sakurai,Y, Ohira,H

Psychology Vol. 5 ( 9 ) page： 994-1000 2014.7

感情的意思決定を支える脳と身体の機能的関連 Reviewed

大平英樹

心理学評論 Vol. 57 page： 94-119 2014.6

感情的意思決定を支える脳と身体の機能的関連 Reviewed

大平英樹

心理学評論 Vol. 57 page： 94-119 2014.6

Attenuated right ventricular energetics evaluated using 11C-acetate PET in patients with pulmonary hypertension

Yoshinaga K., Ohira H., Tsujino I., Oyama-Manabe N., Mielniczuk L., Beanlands R.S.B., Katoh C., Kasai K., Manabe O., Sato T., Fujii S., Ito Y.M., Tomiyama Y., Nishimura M., Tamaki N.

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Vol. 41 ( 6 ) page： 1240 - 1250 2014.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

Purpose: The right ventricle (RV) has a high capacity to adapt to pressure or volume overload before failing. However, the mechanisms of RV adaptation, in particular RV energetics, in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) are still not well understood. We aimed to evaluate RV energetics including RV oxidative metabolism, power and efficiency to adapt to increasing pressure overload in patients with PH using 11C-acetate PET. Methods: In this prospective study, 27 patients with WHO functional class II/III PH (mean pulmonary arterial pressure 39.8±13.5 mmHg) and 9 healthy individuals underwent 11C-acetate PET. 11C-acetate PET was used to simultaneously measure oxidative metabolism (k mono) for the left ventricle (LV) and RV. LV and RV efficiency were also calculated. Results: The RV ejection fraction in PH patients was lower than in controls (p=0.0054). There was no statistically significant difference in LV k mono (p=0.09). In contrast, PH patients showed higher RV k mono than did controls (0.050±0.009 min-1 vs. 0.030±0.006 min-1, p<0.0001). PH patients exhibited significantly increased RV power (p<0.001) and hence increased RV efficiency compared to controls (0.40±0.14 vs. 0.017±0.12 mmHg·mL·min/g, p=0.001). Conclusion: The RV oxidative metabolic rate was increased in patients with PH. Patients with WHO functional class II/III PH also had increased RV power and efficiency. These findings may indicate a myocardial energetics adaptation response to increasing pulmonary arterial pressure. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

DOI： 10.1007/s00259-014-2736-4

Dual learning processes underlying human decision-making in reversal learning tasks: functional significance and evidence from the model fit to human behavior

INFLUENCES OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ON FUNCTIONAL BRAIN-BODY ASSOCIATION IN DECISION-MAKING

Ohira Hideki, Matsunaga Masahiro, Yamakawa Kaori, Toyama Asako

PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE Vol. 76 ( 3 ) page： A32 - A32 2014.4

島の機能と自己感 Reviewed

大平英樹

Brain and Nerve Vol. 66 page： 417-427 2014

意思決定と島の機能 Reviewed

大平英樹

神経心理学 Vol. 30 page： 11-18 2014

Yu . Bai, Kentaro Katahira, Hideki Ohira

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 5 ( AUG ) page： 871 2014

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION

Humans are capable of correcting their actions based on actions performed in the past, and this ability enables them to adapt to a changing environment. The computational field of reinforcement learning (RL) has provided a powerful explanation for understanding such processes. Recently, the dual learning system, modeled as a hybrid model that incorporates value update based on reward-prediction error and learning rate modulation based on the surprise signal, has gained attention as a model for explaining various neural signals. However, the functional significance of the hybrid model has not been established. In the present study, we used computer simulation in a reversal learning task to address functional significance in a probabilistic reversal learning task. The hybrid model was found to perform better than the standard RL model in a large parameter setting. These results suggest that the hybrid model is more robust against the mistuning of parameters compared with the standard RL model when decision-makers continue to learn stimulus-reward contingencies, which can create abrupt changes. The parameter fitting results also indicated that the hybrid model fit better than the standard RL model for more than 50% of the participants, which suggests that the hybrid model has more explanatory power for the behavioral data than the standard RL model.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00871

Neural and sympathetic activity associated with exploration in decision-making: further evidence for involvement of insula

Hideki Ohira, Naho Ichikawa, Kenta Kimura, Seisuke Fukuyama, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada

FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE Vol. 8 ( November ) page： 381 - 12 2014

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：FRONTIERS MEDIA SA

We previously reported that sympathetic activity was associated with exploration in decision-making indexed by entropy, which is a concept in information theory and indexes randomness of choices or the degree of deviation from sticking to recent experiences of gains and losses, and that activation of the anterior insula mediated this association. The current study aims to replicate and to expand these findings in a situation where contingency between options and outcomes is manipulated. Sixteen participants performed a stochastic decision-making task in which we manipulated a condition with low uncertainty of gain/loss (contingent-reward condition) and a condition with high uncertainty of gain/loss (random-reward condition). Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by 150-water positron emission tomography (PET), and cardiovascular parameters and catecholamine in the peripheral blood were measured, during the task. In the contingent-reward condition, norepinephrine as an index of sympathetic activity was positively correlated with entropy indicating exploration in decision-making. Norepinephrine was negatively correlated with neural activity in the right posterior insula, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and dorsal pons, suggesting neural bases for detecting changes of bodily states. Furthermore, right anterior insular activity was negatively correlated with entropy, suggesting influences on exploration in decision-making. By contrast, in the random-reward condition, entropy correlated with activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal and parietal cortices but not with sympathetic activity. These findings suggest that influences of sympathetic activity on exploration in decision-making and its underlying neural mechanisms might be dependent on the degree of uncertainty of situations.

DOI： 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00381

Genetic Variations in the Human Cannabinoid Receptor Gene Are Associated with Happiness

Masahiro Matsunaga, Tokiko Isowa, Kaori Yamakawa, Seisuke Fukuyama, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada, Hideki Ohira

PLOS ONE Vol. 9 ( 4 ) page： e93771 2014

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

Happiness has been viewed as a temporary emotional state (e. g., pleasure) and a relatively stable state of being happy (subjective happiness level). As previous studies demonstrated that individuals with high subjective happiness level rated their current affective states more positively when they experience positive events, these two aspects of happiness are interrelated. According to a recent neuroimaging study, the cytosine to thymine single-nucleotide polymorphism of the human cannabinoid receptor 1 gene is associated with sensitivity to positive emotional stimuli. Thus, we hypothesized that our genetic traits, such as the human cannabinoid receptor 1 genotypes, are closely related to the two aspects of happiness. In Experiment 1, 198 healthy volunteers were used to compare the subjective happiness level between cytosine allele carriers and thymine-thymine carriers of the human cannabinoid receptor 1 gene. In Experiment 2, we used positron emission tomography with 20 healthy participants to compare the brain responses to positive emotional stimuli of cytosine allele carriers to that of thymine-thymine carriers. Compared to thymine-thymine carriers, cytosine allele carriers have a higher subjective happiness level. Regression analysis indicated that the cytosine allele is significantly associated with subjective happiness level. The positive mood after watching a positive film was significantly higher for the cytosine allele carriers compared to the thymine-thymine carriers. Positive emotion-related brain region such as the medial prefrontal cortex was significantly activated when the cytosine allele carriers watched the positive film compared to the thyminethymine carriers. Thus, the human cannabinoid receptor 1 genotypes are closely related to two aspects of happiness. Compared to thymine-thymine carriers, the cytosine allele carriers of the human cannabinoid receptor 1 gene, who are sensitive to positive emotional stimuli, exhibited greater magnitude positive emotions when they experienced positive events and had a higher subjective happiness level.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0093771

大平英樹

感情心理学研究 Vol. 21 ( 2 ) page： 91 - 91 2014

実行系機能課題遂行による自動的感情制御 : 事象関連脳電位を用いた検討(日本基礎心理学会第32回大会,大会発表要旨)

飯田沙依亜, 木村元洋, 木村健太, 林俊介, 大庭丈幸, 大平英樹, 金子一史

基礎心理学研究 Vol. 32 ( 2 ) page： 247 - 248 2014

持続的な不信感の神経相関

鈴木敦命, 木山幸子, 國見充展, 大平英樹, 川口潤, 中井敏晴

感情心理学研究 Vol. 22 ( Supplement ) page： 24 - 24 2014

Functional association of brain and body underlying affective decision-making Reviewed

Ohira Hideki

JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW Vol. 57 ( 1 ) page： 98 - 123 2014

意思決定と島の機能 Reviewed

大平英樹

神経心理学 Vol. 30 page： 11 - 18 2014

意思決定と島の機能 Reviewed

大平英樹

神経心理学 Vol. 30 page： 11-18 2014

島の機能と自己感 Reviewed

大平英樹

Brain and Nerve Vol. 66 page： 417-427 2014

Eye movements during emotion recognition in faces

Schurgin, MW; Nelson, J; Iida, S; Ohira, H; Franconeri, SL; Franconeri, SL

JOURNAL OF VISION Vol. 14 ( 13 ) page： 14 2014

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Vision

When distinguishing whether a face displays a certain emotion, some regions of the face may contain more useful information than others. Here we ask whether people differentially attend to distinct regions of a face when judging different emotions. Experiment 1 measured eye movements while participants discriminated between emotional (joy, anger, fear, sadness, shame, and disgust) and neutral facial expressions. Participant eye movements primarily fell in five distinct regions (eyes, upper nose, lower nose, upper lip, nasion). Distinct fixation patterns emerged for each emotion, such as a focus on the lips for joyful faces and a focus on the eyes for sad faces. These patterns were strongest for emotional faces but were still present when viewers sought evidence of emotion within neutral faces, indicating a goal-driven influence on eye-gaze patterns. Experiment 2 verified that these fixation patterns tended to reflect attention to the most diagnostic regions of the face for each emotion. Eye movements appear to follow both stimulus-driven and goal-driven perceptual strategies when decoding emotional information from a face.

DOI： 10.1167/14.13.14

Effects of uncovering gaze target mismatch in human-robot joint visual attention on evaluation of understanding and impressions of robot. Reviewed

Takeshi Konno, Shoji Nagataki, Masayoshi Shibata, Takashi Hashimoto, Hideki Ohira

Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, CogSci 2014, Quebec City, Canada, July 23-26, 2014 2014

Modulation of emotion by cognitive activity

Iida S., Tanabe H., Nakao T., Ohira H.

Psihologijske Teme Vol. 22 ( 2 ) page： 205 - 219 2013.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Psihologijske Teme

While emotions themselves are beneficial for our survival, they are also the targets to be regulated appropriately to adapt to social environments. Previous studies have demonstrated that cognitive strategies such as cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression can effectively enhance and attenuate emotions. Such cognitive strategies of emotion regulation are based on cortical modulation of sub-cortical emotion-related brain regions. Though in the prior studies emotion regulation was conducted in parallel with or after the emotion elicitation, a series of our studies showed that prior cognitive activities can automatically and unintentionally attenuate subsequent emotional responses. In this article, after reviewing the previous findings about emotion regulation, we introduce our empirical findings showing that cognitive activities where the neural system of emotion regulation would be recruited can unintentionally and automatically dampen psychological and physiological emotional responses. Finally, we propose possible neural mechanisms underlying modulation of emotion by cognitive activity.

急性ストレスがPavlovian-instrumental-transferの学習プロセスに与える影響

山川香織, 松永昌宏, 大平英樹

ストレス科学 Vol. 28 ( 3 ) page： 209 - 209 2013.10

プルースト現象と炎症反応との関連

松永昌宏, 山川香織, 大平英樹, 柏木光義

ストレス科学 Vol. 28 ( 3 ) page： 210 - 210 2013.10

Association between the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5HTTLPR) and subjective happiness level in Japanese adults. Reviewed

Matsunaga M, Isowa T, Yamakawa K, Ohira H

Psychology of Well-Being: Theory, Research and Practice 2013.10

Implicit Attenuation of Unpleasant Emotion by Prior Executive Function Task Engagement: An fMRI study

IIDA Saea, TANABE Hiroki C., OHIRA Hideki, KANEKO Hitoshi

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 77 ( 0 ) page： 3PM-115 - 3PM-115 2013.9

社会脳研究の最前線―ハイパースキャニングによる共感/協調的コミュニケーション―

苧阪直行, 守田知代, 小池耕彦, 大平英樹, 大坊郁夫, 苧阪満里子

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 77 ( 0 ) page： SS-045 - SS-045 2013.9

Effects of feeling of guilt on subjective , behavioral and psychophysiological responces

Mizukami Takahiro, Suzuki Naoto, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 77 ( 0 ) page： 1EV-073 - 1EV-073 2013.9

Paradoxical Effects of Suppression on the Anger Emotion

shiranezawa Takashi, Minami Manabu, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 77 ( 0 ) page： 1EV-092 - 1EV-092 2013.9

Effects of Relative Value in Reward Anticipation

TOYAMA Asako, OHIRA Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 77 ( 0 ) page： 1AM-090 - 1AM-090 2013.9

抑うつを可視化する心理学的マルチモーダルアプローチ

山本哲也, 熊野宏昭, 井澤修平, 山田真希子, 吉本潤一郎, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 77 ( 0 ) page： SS-053 - SS-053 2013.9

Prospective and retrospective memory in psychopathy

OBA Takeyuki, OHIRA Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 77 ( 0 ) page： 3EV-008 - 3EV-008 2013.9

THE WEAPON FOCUS EFFECT REVISITED: PHYSICAL SHARPNESS OR EMOTION AROUSAL

Hamamoto Yuki, Hira Shinji, Ohira Hideki

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 50 page： S43 - S43 2013.9

NEURAL MECHANISMS MEDIATING ASSOCIATION OF SYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY AND EXPLORATION IN DECISION MAKING

Ohira Hideki, Matsunaga Masahiro, Murakami Hiroki, Osumi Takahiro, Fukuyama Seisuke, Shinoda Jun, Yamada Jitsuhiro

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 50 page： S29 - S29 2013.9

MODULATION OF DECISION-MAKING AND ACCOMPANYING PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES BY ACUTE STRESS

Yamakawa Kaori, Matsunaga Masahiro, Isowa Tokiko, Ohira Hideki

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 50 page： S29 - S29 2013.9

FLEXIBLE ADJUSTMENT OF ANTICIPATORY AFFECT BY RELATIVE VALUE

Toyama, A; Ohira, H

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 50 page： S29 - S29 2013.9

Neural mechanisms mediating association of sympathetic activity and exploration in decision-making.

Ohira H, Matsunaga M, Murakami H, Osumi T, Fukuyama S, Shinoda J, Yamada J

Neuroscience Vol. 246 page： 362 - 74 2013.8

NEURAL MECHANISMS MEDIATING ASSOCIATION OF SYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY AND EXPLORATION IN DECISION-MAKING

Ohira H., Matsunaga M., Murakami H., Osumi T., Fukuyama S., Shinoda J., Yamada J.

NEUROSCIENCE Vol. 246 page： 362 - 374 2013.8

Neural mechanisms mediating association of sympathetic activity and exploration in decision-making Reviewed

H. Ohira, M. Matsunaga, H. Murakami, T. Osumi, S. Fukuyama, J. Shinoda, J. Yamada

Neuroscience Vol. 246 ( 246 ) page： 362 - 374 2013.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The somatic marker hypothesis asserts that decision-making can be guided by feedback of bodily states to the brain. In line with this hypothesis, the present study tested whether sympathetic activity shows an association with a tonic dimension of decision-making, exploratory tendency represented by entropy in information theory, and further examined the neural mechanisms of the association. Twenty participants performed a stochastic reversal learning task that required decision-making in an unstable and uncertain situation. Regional cerebral blood flow was evaluated using 15O-water positron emission tomography (PET), and cardiovascular indices and concentrations of catecholamine in peripheral blood were also measured, during the task. In reversal learning, increased epinephrine during the task positively correlated with larger entropy, indicating a greater tendency for exploration in decision-making. The increase of epinephrine also correlated with brain activity revealed by PET in the somatosensory cortices, anterior insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and the dorsal pons. This result is consistent with previously reported brain matrixes of representation of bodily states and interoception. In addition, activity of the anterior insula specifically correlated with entropy, suggesting possible mediation of this brain region between peripheral sympathetic arousal and exploration in decision-making. These findings shed a new light about a role of bodily states in decision-making and underlying neural mechanisms. © 2013 IBRO.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.050

Neural mechanisms mediating association of sympathetic activity and exploration in decision-making

Ohira H., Matsunaga M., Murakami H., Osumi T., Fukuyama S., Shinoda J., Yamada J.

Neuroscience Vol. 246 page： 362 - 374 2013.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Neuroscience

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.050

Brain-Immune Interaction Accompanying Odor-Evoked Autobiographic Memory

Brain-Immune Interaction Accompanying Odor-Evoked Autobiographic Memory

Matsunaga Masahiro, Bai Yu, Yamakawa Kaori, Toyama Asako, Kashiwagi Mitsuyoshi, Fukuda Kazuyuki, Oshida Akiko, Sanada Kazue, Fukuyama Seisuke, Shinoda Jun, Yamada Jitsuhiro, Sadato Norihiro, Ohira Hideki

PLOS ONE Vol. 8 ( 8 ) 2013.8

Matsunaga M., Bai Y., Yamakawa K., Toyama A., Kashiwagi M., Fukuda K., Oshida A., Sanada K., Fukuyama S., Shinoda J., Yamada J., Sadato N., Ohira H.

PLoS ONE Vol. 8 ( 8 ) 2013.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PLoS ONE

The phenomenon in which a certain smell evokes a specific memory is known as the Proust phenomenon. Odor-evoked autobiographic memories are more emotional than those elicited by other sensory stimuli. The results of our previous study indicated that odor-evoked autobiographic memory accompanied by positive emotions has remarkable effects on various psychological and physiological activities, including the secretion of cytokines, which are immune-signaling molecules that modulate systemic inflammation. In this study, we aimed to clarify the neural substrates associated with the interaction between odor-evoked autobiographic memory and peripheral circulating cytokines. We recruited healthy male and female volunteers and investigated the association between brain responses and the concentration of several cytokines in the plasma by using positron emission tomography (PET) recordings when an autographic memory was evoked in participants by asking them to smell an odor that was nostalgic to them. Participants experienced positive emotions and autobiographic memories when nostalgic odors were presented to them. The levels of peripheral proinflammatory cytokines, such as the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), were significantly reduced after experiencing odor-evoked autobiographic memory. Subtraction analysis of PET images indicated that the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) were significantly activated during experiences of odor-evoked autobiographic memory. Furthermore, a correlation analysis indicated that activities of the mOFC and precuneus/PCC were negatively correlated with IFN-γ concentration. These results indicate that the neural networks including the precuneus/PCC and mOFC might regulate the secretion of peripheral proinflammatory cytokines during the experience of odor-evoked autobiographic memories accompanied with positive emotions. © 2013 Matsunaga et al.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0072523

Neural mechanisms mediating association of sympathetic activity and exploration in decision-making. Reviewed

Neuroscience ( 246 ) page： 362-374 2013.8

Brain-Immune Interaction Accompanying Odor-Evoked Autobiographic Memory Reviewed

Masahiro Matsunaga, Yu Bai, Kaori Yamakawa, Asako Toyama, Mitsuyoshi Kashiwagi, Kazuyuki Fukuda, Akiko Oshida, Kazue Sanada, Seisuke Fukuyama, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada, Norihiro Sadato, Hideki Ohira

PLOS ONE Vol. 8 ( 8 ) page： e72523 2013.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

The phenomenon in which a certain smell evokes a specific memory is known as the Proust phenomenon. Odor-evoked autobiographic memories are more emotional than those elicited by other sensory stimuli. The results of our previous study indicated that odor-evoked autobiographic memory accompanied by positive emotions has remarkable effects on various psychological and physiological activities, including the secretion of cytokines, which are immune-signaling molecules that modulate systemic inflammation. In this study, we aimed to clarify the neural substrates associated with the interaction between odor-evoked autobiographic memory and peripheral circulating cytokines. We recruited healthy male and female volunteers and investigated the association between brain responses and the concentration of several cytokines in the plasma by using positron emission tomography (PET) recordings when an autographic memory was evoked in participants by asking them to smell an odor that was nostalgic to them. Participants experienced positive emotions and autobiographic memories when nostalgic odors were presented to them. The levels of peripheral proinflammatory cytokines, such as the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), were significantly reduced after experiencing odor-evoked autobiographic memory. Subtraction analysis of PET images indicated that the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) were significantly activated during experiences of odor-evoked autobiographic memory. Furthermore, a correlation analysis indicated that activities of the mOFC and precuneus/PCC were negatively correlated with IFN-gamma concentration. These results indicate that the neural networks including the precuneus/PCC and mOFC might regulate the secretion of peripheral proinflammatory cytokines during the experience of odor-evoked autobiographic memories accompanied with positive emotions.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0072523

Vagal nerve activity as a moderator of brain-immune relationships.

Ohira H, Matsunaga M, Osumi T, Fukuyama S, Shinoda J, Yamada J, Gidron Y

Journal of neuroimmunology Vol. 260 ( 1-2 ) page： 28 - 36 2013.7

Vagal nerve activity as a moderator of brain-immune relationships

Ohira Hideki, Matsunaga Masahiro, Osumi Takahiro, Fukuyama Seisuke, Shinoda Jun, Yamada Jitsuhiro, Gidron Yori

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY Vol. 260 ( 1-2 ) page： 28 - 36 2013.7

Vagal nerve activity as a moderator of brain-immune relationships. Reviewed

Ohira,H., Matsunaga,M., Osumi,T., Fukuyama,S., Shinoda,J., Yamada,J., &Gidron,Y.

Journal of Neuroimmunology ( 260 ) page： 28-36 2013.7

Vagal nerve activity as a moderator of brain-immune relationships Reviewed

Hideki Ohira, Masahiro Matsunaga, Takahiro Osumi, Seisuke Fukuyama, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada, Yori Gidron

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY Vol. 260 ( 1-2 ) page： 28 - 36 2013.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

We investigated whether vagal tone, as assessed by heart rate variability (HRV), moderates the neural correlates of immune and physiological responses to acute stress. Participants with low and high baseline HRV underwent a reversal learning task as an acute stressor. Natural killer cells, norepinephrine, and adrenocorticotropic hormone in peripheral blood changed with acute stress in the high HRV group only. Activity in the prefrontal cortex and striatum correlated with the immune and physiological indices in the high HRV group. High vagal tone may reflect more flexible top-down brain regulation of immune and physiological activity. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.04.011

Prognosis of autoimmune hepatitis showing acute presentation

Yamamoto K., Miyake Y., Ohira H., Suzuki Y., Zeniya M., Onji M., Tsubouchi H., Yoshizawa K., Morizane T., Hibi T., Aoyagi Y., Nakanuma Y., Hirohara J., Takikawa H., Ishibashi H., Shimoda S., Sakisaka S., Nakamuta M., Matsuzaki Y., Saibara T., Ueno Y., Miyakawa H., Kokudo N., Egawa H., Maehara Y., Mochida S., Sakaida I., Fujisawa T., Suzuki K., Inoue K., Ichida T., Yokosuka O., Fukui H., Moriwaki H., Mori M., Mori T., Nagino M., Sata N., Tazuma S., Yasaka T., Tsuyuguchi T., Shoda J., Honda M., Yamaue H., Unno M., Hayashi N.

Hepatology Research Vol. 43 ( 6 ) page： 630 - 638 2013.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Hepatology Research

Aim: The number of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) showing acute presentation has increased. This study aimed to assess their prognosis. Methods: A survey of AIH patients by sending questionnaires was performed, and 96 patients showing acute presentation were investigated. Results: The median age was 58 years and 78 patients (81%) were female. Eighty-four patients (88%) were positive for antinuclear antibody and/or anti-smooth muscle antibody. The median serum immunoglobulin G level was 2252mg/dL. Twenty-five patients (26%) showed histological acute hepatitis. As initial treatment, 88 patients (92%) were treated with corticosteroid, and 28 of them received pulse steroid treatment. Overall, 11 patients (11%) reached fatal outcomes (nine death and two liver transplantation). Patients with histological acute hepatitis showed higher serum bilirubin levels, lower prothrombin activities and higher prothrombin time-international normalized ratios (PT-INR) and reached fatal outcomes more frequently. With a multivariate logistic regression analysis, prothrombin activity and PT-INR at presentation was associated with fatal outcomes. Nine of 13 patients (69%) showing prothrombin activity of 40% or lower at presentation and nine of 19 patients (47%) showing PT-INR of 1.5 or higher reached fatal outcomes. Furthermore, of 13 patients showing prothrombin activity of 40% or lower and/or PT-INR of 1.5 or higher at presentation who were treated with pulse steroid treatment, four (31%) died from infectious disease. Conclusion: Prothrombin activity and PT-INR are prognostic factors for AIH showing acute presentation. Physicians should pay attention to the development of infectious disease when pulse steroid treatment is performed. © 2012 The Japan Society of Hepatology.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2012.01109.x

Eye-Blink Behaviors in 71 Species of Primates

Eye-Blink Behaviors in 71 Species of Primates

Tada Hideoki, Omori Yasuko, Hirokawa Kumi, Ohira Hideki, Tomonaga Masaki

PLOS ONE Vol. 8 ( 5 ) 2013.5

Tada H., Omori Y., Hirokawa K., Ohira H., Tomonaga M.

PLoS ONE Vol. 8 ( 5 ) 2013.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PLoS ONE

The present study was performed to investigate the associations between eye-blink behaviors and various other factors in primates. We video-recorded 141 individuals across 71 primate species and analyzed the blink rate, blink duration, and "isolated" blink ratio (i.e., blinks without eye or head movement) in relation to activity rhythms, habitat types, group size, and body size factors. The results showed close relationships between three types of eye-blink measures and body size factors. All of these measures increased as a function of body weight. In addition, diurnal primates showed more blinks than nocturnal species even after controlling for body size factors. The most important findings were the relationships between eye-blink behaviors and social factors, e.g., group size. Among diurnal primates, only the blink rate was significantly correlated even after controlling for body size factors. The blink rate increased as the group size increased. Enlargement of the neocortex is strongly correlated with group size in primate species and considered strong evidence for the social brain hypothesis. Our results suggest that spontaneous eye-blinks have acquired a role in social communication, similar to grooming, to adapt to complex social living during primate evolution. © 2013 Tada et al.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0066018

Vagal nerve activity as a moderator of brain-immune relationships

Ohira H., Matsunaga M., Osumi T., Fukuyama S., Shinoda J., Yamada J., Gidron Y.

Journal of Neuroimmunology Vol. 260 ( 1-2 ) page： 28 - 36 2013.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Neuroimmunology

DOI： 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.04.011

Eye-Blink Behaviors in 71 Species of Primates Reviewed

Hideoki Tada, Yasuko Omori, Kumi Hirokawa, Hideki Ohira, Masaki Tomonaga

PLOS ONE Vol. 8 ( 5 ) page： e66018 2013.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

The present study was performed to investigate the associations between eye-blink behaviors and various other factors in primates. We video-recorded 141 individuals across 71 primate species and analyzed the blink rate, blink duration, and "isolated'' blink ratio (i.e., blinks without eye or head movement) in relation to activity rhythms, habitat types, group size, and body size factors. The results showed close relationships between three types of eye-blink measures and body size factors. All of these measures increased as a function of body weight. In addition, diurnal primates showed more blinks than nocturnal species even after controlling for body size factors. The most important findings were the relationships between eye-blink behaviors and social factors, e.g., group size. Among diurnal primates, only the blink rate was significantly correlated even after controlling for body size factors. The blink rate increased as the group size increased. Enlargement of the neocortex is strongly correlated with group size in primate species and considered strong evidence for the social brain hypothesis. Our results suggest that spontaneous eye-blinks have acquired a role in social communication, similar to grooming, to adapt to complex social living during primate evolution.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0066018

Pro-inflammatory cytokine predicts reduced rejection of unfair financial offers

Ohira H., Osumi T., Matsunaga M., Yamakawa K.

Neuroendocrinology Letters Vol. 34 ( 1 ) page： 47 - 51 2013.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Neuroendocrinology Letters

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine one of biological correlates, proinflammatory cytokine, in rejection of unfair financial offers in the Ultimatum Game (UG), where the division of a sum of money is proposed and the player can accept or reject this offer. METHODS: Nineteen participants played 20 trials of the UG as responders, and they were proposed unfair offers in a half of the trials. Baseline levels of several pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, subjective happiness, and depression of them were measured. RESULTS: Participants with higher levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-6 rejected fewer unfair offers. This effect of IL-6 levels on decision-making was independent from other pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, subjective happiness, and depression. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that chronic higher levels of IL-6 might affect functions of neural regions related to decision making, and thus can modulate rejection of unfair offers. © 2013 Neuroendocrinology Letters.

VAGAL TONE MODULATES FUNCTIONAL BRAIN-BODY ASSOCIATION

Ohira Hideki, Matsunaga Masahiro, Osumi Takahiro, Gidron Yori

PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE Vol. 75 ( 3 ) page： A108 - A108 2013.4

PAVLOVIAN-INSTRUMENTAL TRANSFER BY ACUTE STRESS IN DECISION MAKING

Yamakawa Kaori, Matsunaga Masahiro, Isowa Tokiko, Ohira Hideki

PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE Vol. 75 ( 3 ) page： A112 - A112 2013.4

慢性ストレスと意思決定 Reviewed

大平英樹

ストレス科学研究 Vol. 28 page： 8-15 2013

Pro-inflammatory cytokine predicts reduced rejection of unfair financial offers. Reviewed

Ohira,H., Osumi,T., Matsunaga,M., & Yamakawa,K.

Neuroendocrinology Letters ( 34 ) page： 47-51 2013

Brain-Immune Interaction Accompanying Odor-evoked Autobiographic Memory. Reviewed

Matsunaga, M., Bai, Y., Yamakawa, K., Toyama, A., Kashiwagi, M., Fukuda, K., Oshida, A., Sanada, K., Fukuyama, S., Shinoda, J., Yamada, J., Sadato, N., & Ohira, H.

PLoS ONE Vol. 8 ( 8 ) page： e72523 2013

Eye-Blink Behaviors in 71 Species of Primates. Reviewed

Tada, H., Omori, Y., Hirokawa, K., Ohira, H., & Tomonaga, M.

PLoS ONE Vol. 8 page： e66018 2013

Modulation of Emotion by Cognitive Activity. Reviewed

Iida, S., Tanabe, C, H., Nakao, T., & Ohira, H.

Psychological Topics Vol. 22 ( 2 ) page： 205-219 2013

The effect of music on psychological and physiological stress

Nakashima Mana, Ebihara Naokuni, Nishijo Hisao, Ohira Hideki

Journal of Human Environmental Studies Vol. 11 ( 1 ) page： 19 - 25 2013

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Society for Human Environmental Studies

Many people regularly listen to music for stress reduction and for healing. A number of studies have investigated the effects of music on psychological and physiological states. However, there have been few studies to examine the effects of music on recovery from stress states. Therefore, the present study investigated how psychophysiological stress states can be recovered through listening to music. Sixteen participants (3 men and 13 women) were assigned both to a music-condition and to a no music-condition, and performed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). The psychological parameters, stress hormones (salivary cortisol and salivary chromogranin A) and autonomic indices (heart rate and heart rate variability; HRV) were measured. All parameters, except autonomic indices, significantly increased after the TSST. Psychological parameters and salivary cortisol showed more significant reduction in participants listening to music than in participants who did not listen to music. When participants listened to music, the heart rate increased and the high frequency of HRV decreased. There was no change in salivary chromogranin A and low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio) of HRV. These results suggest that listening to music led to sympathetic nervous activation rather than parasympathetic nervous activation. Within physiological parameters, salivary cortisol corresponded to psychological stress state most. It could be interpreted that uplifting music made sympathetic nervous activation and led to exultation or excitement rather than to relaxation. Therefore, the autonomic indices would also be corresponding to psychological stress states.

DOI： 10.4189/shes.11.19

身体の覚醒の低下はサイコパシーとリスク選択を結びつけるか:―媒介分析による検討―

大隅尚広, 梅田聡, 大平英樹

感情心理学研究 Vol. 21 ( Supplement ) page： 34 - 34 2013

Chronic stress and decision-making

Ohira Hideki

Stress Science Research Vol. 28 ( 0 ) page： 8 - 15 2013

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Public Health Research Foundation

Chronic stress affects decision-making, especially shifts dominant modes of decision-making from goal-directed action to habit action. Animal studies have revealed that atrophy of the prelimbic and inflalimbic prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial striatum as well as hypertrophy of the dorsolateral striatum by chronic stress mediates the alteration of decision-making. We expanded this finding to humans by a neuroimaging study and further suggested that chronic stress causes dysfunctional regulation of physiological responses by the brain. Another study using functional and structural neuroimaging replicated these findings and further showed that stress-caused alterations of decision-making and the structure and function of the brain can be reversible once individuals are released from stress. Stress-induced habit action might mediate the association between chronic stress and diseases by leading to unhealthy behaviors such as over-consumption of tobacco and alcohol, less physical activity, and addition to drugs. Further studies are needed to clarify detailed mechanisms by which chronic stress causes alterations of the brain and decision-making, and possibility of effective preventions for maladaptive influences on health.

DOI： 10.5058/stresskagakukenkyu.28.8

慢性ストレスと意思決定 Reviewed

大平英樹

ストレス科学研究 Vol. 28 page： 8-15 2013

事象関連脳電位(ERP)を用いた実行系機能課題遂行後の感情処理の検討(日本基礎心理学会第31回大会,大会発表要旨)

飯田沙依亜, 木村元洋, 木村健太, 白宇, 大平英樹

基礎心理学研究 Vol. 31 ( 2 ) page： 220 - 220 2013

Psychopathic trait and multidimensional empathy

Oba Takeyuki, Nishimatsu Yoshiko, Ohira Hideki

Journal of Human Environmental Studies Vol. 11 ( 1 ) page： 13 - 18 2013

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Society for Human Environmental Studies

One of the features in psychopathy is a deficit of empathy. Without empathy, psychopathy can not inhibit to harm others. However, previous studies revealed that offenders had more empathic traits than non-offenders. Empathy is defined as multidimensional components (e.g.; cognitive empathy and emotional empathy), but not as a unitary. Generally, psychopathy is consisted of two subcomponents: Primary Psychopathy (PP; features of callousness and lack of empathy) and Secondary Psychopathy (SP; features of impulsiveness and uncontrollability to own behaviours). Here, we hypothesized that psychopaths, particularly who are dominant in PP, have less empathic traits both in cognitive and emotional domains, on the other hand, SP is more linked with emotional empathic trait, but less linked with cognitive one. Furthermore, we investigated not only to relate psychopathic traits and multidimensional empathy, but also to validate a Japanese version of the Primary and Secondary Psychopathy Scales (PSPS), using both Machiavellianism (MACH) scale and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ). Results indicated that correlations between PP and MACH and between PP and BAQ subscales of physical aggression and verbal aggression were higher than correlations between SP and MACH and BAQ, while correlations between SP and BAQ subscales of anger and hostility were higher than correlations between PP and the BAQ subscales. About empathy, consistent with our hypothesis, PP was linked with less empathy both in cognitive and emotional domains, whereas SP was linked with more emotional empathy, but was linked with less cognitive empathy. This reveals that PSPS dissociated PP and SP well. Although there remain some problems, PSPS is a useful scale for measurement of psychopathic traits.

DOI： 10.4189/shes.11.13

Correlation between transition of salivary -amylase and efficacy of self-statement in speech

Kunihashi Takahiro, Hira Shinji, Ohira Hideki

Journal of Human Environmental Studies Vol. 11 ( 1 ) page： 7 - 12 2013

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Society for Human Environmental Studies

Recent studies indicated that salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) is useful not only as a surrogate biological marker for sympathetic nervous activity, but also as a non-invasive index of psychological stress. Some psychophysiological studies have revealed significant increases of aAA during acute stress induces by experimental stressors such as the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), which were comparable to other endocrinological indices such as salivary cortisol. However, association between change of sAA and performance of public speech within the TSST remain unclear. Thus, in the present study, we recruited 10 participants (mean age = 20.60, SD = 0.80 yrs) to investigate the associations between transition of sAA and performance of speech. SAA and pulsatile heart rate were measured three times before, and three times after the social stress challenge. SAA was measured with a portable sAA biosensor (Salivary amylase monitor; NIPRO, Japan). The Profile of Mood State (POMS) test and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were administered to participants after the TSST protocol. An ANOVA revealed a significant increase of sAA after the task. However, no significant change of pulsatile heart rate was observed. Neither a correlation between sAA and VAS nor a correlation between POMS and VAS was observed. These results suggest that sAA induced by the TSST would be a reliable biomarker of acute stress. However, associations between sAA response and performance of public speech during the TSST still remain under question to be further explored.

DOI： 10.4189/shes.11.7

Reciprocal Ascription of Intentions Realized in Robot-human Interaction. Reviewed

Shoji Nagataki, Masayoshi Shibata, Takeshi Konno, Takashi Hashimoto, Hideki Ohira

Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, CogSci 2013, Berlin, Germany, July 31 - August 3, 2013 2013

Pro-inflammatory cytokine predicts reduced rejection of unfair financial offers

Ohira Hideki, Osumi Takahiro, Matsunaga Masahiro, Yamakawa Kaori

NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS Vol. 34 ( 1 ) page： 47 - 51 2013

Pro-inflammatory cytokine predicts reduced rejection of unfair financial offers Reviewed

Hideki Ohira, Takahiro Osumi, Masahiro Matsunaga, Kaori Yamakawa

NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS Vol. 34 ( 1 ) page： 47 - 51 2013

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：MAGHIRA & MAAS PUBLICATIONS

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine one of biological correlates, pro-inflammatory cytokine, in rejection of unfair financial offers in the Ultimatum Game (UG), where the division of a sum of money is proposed and the player can accept or reject this offer.
METHODS: Nineteen participants played 20 trials of the UG as responders, and they were proposed unfair offers in a half of the trials. Baseline levels of several pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, subjective happiness, and depression of them were measured.
RESULTS: Participants with higher levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-6 rejected fewer unfair offers. This effect of IL-6 levels on decision-making was independent from other pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, subjective happiness, and depression.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that chronic higher levels of IL-6 might affect functions of neural regions related to decision making, and thus can modulate rejection of unfair offers.

Amygdala dysfunction attenuates frustration-induced aggression in psychopathic individuals in a non-criminal population Reviewed

Pro-inflammatory cytokine predicts reduced rejection of unfair financial offers.

Ohira H, Osumi T, Matsunaga M, Yamakawa K

Neuro endocrinology letters Vol. 34 ( 1 ) page： 47 - 51 2013

Modulation of Emotion by Cognitive Activity. Reviewed

Iida, S, Tanabe, C, H, Nakao, T, Ohira, H

Psychological Topics Vol. 22 ( 2 ) page： 205-219 2013

Takahiro Osumi, Takashi Nakao, Yukinori Kasuya, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada, Hideki Ohira

Journal of Affective Disorders Vol. 142 ( 1-3 ) page： 331 - 338 2012.12

The Structure of Mindful Brain

Murakami Hiroki, Nakao Takashi, Matsunaga Masahiro, Kasuya Yukinori, Shinoda Jun, Yamada Jitsuhiro, Ohira Hideki

PLOS ONE Vol. 7 ( 9 ) 2012.9

The Structure of Mindful Brain

Murakami H., Nakao T., Matsunaga M., Kasuya Y., Shinoda J., Yamada J., Ohira H.

PLoS ONE Vol. 7 ( 9 ) 2012.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PLoS ONE

Mindfulness is currently attracting a great deal of attention as a psychotherapy technique. It is defined as bringing one's complete attention to the experiences occurring in the present moment in a nonjudgmental or accepting way. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) was developed to assess individual differences in mindfulness states. The FFMQ is composed of five facets representing elements of mindfulness: non-reactivity to inner experience, non-judging, acting with awareness, describing, and observing. In the present study, we applied voxel-based morphometry to investigate the relationship between the brain structure and each facet as measured by the FFMQ. The results showed a positive association between the describing facet of mindfulness on the FFMQ and gray matter volume in the right anterior insula and the right amygdala. In conclusion, mindfulness was related with development in parts of the somatic marker circuit of the brain. © 2012 Murakami et al.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0046377

The effects of music on psychological and physiological stress

NAKASHIMA Mana, EBIHARA Naokuni, OHIRA Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 76 ( 0 ) page： 2PMA02 - 2PMA02 2012.9

Distinction between externally vs. internally guided decision-making: Meta-analytical comparisons

NAKAO Takashi, Ohira Hideki, Northoff Georg

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 76 ( 0 ) page： 2PMA17 - 2PMA17 2012.9

A study of psychopathy and empathy in university students

OBA Takeyuki, NISHIMATSU Yoshiko, OHIRA Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 76 ( 0 ) page： 2EVD07 - 2EVD07 2012.9

幸福感研究の多面性－社会構造、対人的側面、神経基盤－

石井敬子, 内田由紀子, 大石繁宏, 松永昌宏, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 76 ( 0 ) page： WS035 - WS035 2012.9

Psychophysiological responses to unfair offers from in-group and out-group

TOYAMA Asako, OHIRA Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 76 ( 0 ) page： 3PMB10 - 3PMB10 2012.9

サイコパシー傾向者における利己的行動に関する生理心理学的検討

大隅尚広, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 76 ( 0 ) page： L035 - L035 2012.9

Correlation between transition of salivary α-amylase and efficacy of self-statement in speech.

KUNIHASHI Takahiro, HIRA Shinji, OHIRA Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 76 ( 0 ) page： 2PMA07 - 2PMA07 2012.9

ビデオカメラで撮影した顔画像から瞬目行動を科学する

田中裕, 山田冨美雄, 田邊喜一, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 76 ( 0 ) page： WS059 - WS059 2012.9

Association between subjective socioeconomic status and psychological health by inflammatory biomarker.

YAMAKAWA Kaori, MATSUNAGA Masahiro, OHIRA Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 76 ( 0 ) page： 3PMA64 - 3PMA64 2012.9

The Structure of Mindful Brain Reviewed

Hiroki Murakami, Takashi Nakao, Masahiro Matsunaga, Yukinori Kasuya, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada, Hideki Ohira

PLOS ONE Vol. 7 ( 9 ) page： e46377 2012.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0046377

BRAIN FUNCTIONS REGULATING REDISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS ACCOMPANYING APPRAISALS OF STRESSORS

Ohira, H

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE Vol. 19 page： S105 - S105 2012.9

ABSOLUTE VALUE AND RELATIVE VALUE IN INCENTIVE ANTICIPATION

Asako Toyama, Hideki Ohira

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 49 page： S90 - S90 2012.9

幸福感研究の多面性社会構造、対人的側面、神経基盤

大石繁宏, 内田由紀子, 松永昌宏, 大平英樹, 石井敬子

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 76回 page： WS18 - WS18 2012.8

Unintentional Temporal Context-Based Prediction of Emotional Faces: An Electrophysiological Study

Kimura Motohiro, Kondo Haruka, Ohira Hideki, Schroeger Erich

CEREBRAL CORTEX Vol. 22 ( 8 ) page： 1774 - 1785 2012.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Cerebral Cortex

The ability to extract sequential regularities embedded in the temporal context or temporal structure of sensory events and to predict upcoming events based on the extracted sequential regularities plays a central role in human cognition. In the present study, we demonstrate that, without any intention, upcoming emotional faces can be predicted based on sequential regularities, by showing that prediction error responses as reflected by visual mismatch negativity (MMN), an event-related brain potential (ERP) component, were evoked in response to emotional faces that violated a regular alternation pattern of 2 emotional faces (fearful and happy faces) under a situation where the emotional faces themselves were unrelated to the participant's task. Face-inversion and negative-bias effects in the visual MMN further indicated the involvement of holistic face representations. In addition, through successive source analyses of the visual MMN, it was revealed that the prediction error responses were composed of activations mainly in the face-responsible visual extrastriate areas and the prefrontal areas. The present results provide primary evidence for the existence of the unintentional temporal context-based prediction of biologically relevant visual stimuli as well as empirical support for the major engagement of the visual and prefrontal areas in unintentional temporal context-based prediction in vision. © 2011 The Author.

DOI： 10.1093/cercor/bhr244

Prior cognitive activity implicitly modulates subsequent emotional responses to subliminally presented emotional stimuli Reviewed

Saea Iida, Takashi Nakao, Hideki Ohira

COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE Vol. 12 ( 2 ) page： 337 - 345 2012.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER

It has been reported that engagement in several kinds of cognitive activity can successfully inhibit unpleasant emotions. In this study, we tried to replicate the previous finding that cognitive activity can modulate subsequent psychological and physiological emotional processes and to investigate whether prior cognitive activity can attenuate implicit emotional processes triggered by subliminal emotional stimuli. Sixty students were randomly divided into three groups (cognitive task group, noncognitive task group, control group). The cognitive task group was asked to engage in an n-back task, while the control group was asked to stay calm. The noncognitive task group was asked to do a handgrip-squeezing task. All participants then engaged in a version of a subliminal affective priming task where they were unconsciously exposed to affectively negative pictures. The cognitive task group showed lower negative experiences after the subliminal affective priming task and a substantial reduction in their heart rate responses, as compared with the other groups. These results provide evidence that engagement in cognitive activity can attenuate emotional processes in an automatic and unconscious manner.

DOI： 10.3758/s13415-012-0084-z

Executive functioning performance predicts subjective and physiological acute stress reactivity: Preliminary results Reviewed

Donny Hendrawan, Kaori Yamakawa, Motohiro Kimura, Hiroki Murakami, Hideki Ohira

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 84 ( 3 ) page： 277 - 283 2012.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Individual differences in baseline executive functioning (EF) capacities have been shown to predict state anxiety during acute stressor exposure. However, no previous studies have clearly demonstrated the relationship between EF and physiological measures of stress. The present study investigated the efficacy of several well-known EF tests (letter fluency, Stroop test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) in predicting both subjective and physiological stress reactivity during acute psychosocial stress exposure. Our results show that letter fluency served as the best predictor for both types of reactivity. Specifically, the higher the letter fluency score, the lower the acute stress reactivity after controlling for the baseline stress response, as indicated by lower levels of state anxiety, negative mood, salivary cortisol, and skin conductance. Moreover, the predictive power of the letter fluency test remained significant for state anxiety and cortisol indices even after further adjustments for covariates by adding the body mass index (BMI) as a covariate. Thus, good EF performance, as reflected by high letter fluency scores, may dampen acute stress responses, which suggests that EF processes are directly associated with aspects of stress regulation. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.03.006

Top down influence on visuo-tactile interaction modulates neural oscillatory responses Reviewed

Noriaki Kanayama, Luigi Tame, Hideki Ohira, Francesco Pavani

NEUROIMAGE Vol. 59 ( 4 ) page： 3406 - 3417 2012.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

Multisensory integration involves bottom-up as well as top-down processes. We investigated the influences of top-down control on the neural responses to multisensory stimulation using EEG recording and time-frequency analyses. Participants were stimulated at the index or thumb of the left hand, using tactile vibrators mounted on a foam cube. Simultaneously they received a visual distractor from a light emitting diode adjacent to the active vibrator (spatially congruent trial) or adjacent to the inactive vibrator (spatially incongruent trial). The task was to respond to the elevation of the tactile stimulus (upper or lower), while ignoring the simultaneous visual distractor. To manipulate top-down control on this multisensory stimulation, the proportion of spatially congruent (vs. incongruent) trials was changed across blocks. Our results reveal that the behavioral cost of responding to incongruent than congruent trials (i.e., the crossmodal congruency effect) was modulated by the proportion of congruent trials. Most importantly, the EEG gamma band response and the gamma-theta coupling were also affected by this modulation of top-down control, whereas the late theta band response related to the congruency effect was not. These findings suggest that gamma band response is more than a marker of multisensory binding, being also sensitive to the correspondence between expected and actual multisensory stimulation. By contrast, theta band response was affected by congruency but appears to be largely immune to stimulation expectancy. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.076

Japanese and emotion: From the perspective of justice

Other Link： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-4791

The Structure of Mindful Brain Reviewed

Murakami, H., Nakao, T., Matsunaga, M., Kasuya, Y., Shinoda, J., Yamada, J., & Ohira, H.

PLoS ONE Vol. 7 ( 9 ) page： e46377 2012

認知課題遂行の後作用 : 認知機能への影響(日本基礎心理学会第30回大会,大会発表要旨)

飯田沙依亜, 大平英樹, 舟橋厚

基礎心理学研究 Vol. 30 ( 2 ) page： 227 2012

Ohira Hideki

JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS Vol. 20 ( 1 ) page： 33 - 35 2012

感情価の異なる文に組み込まれた中立語の再認について(日本基礎心理学会第30回大会,大会発表要旨)

遠山朝子, 勝原摩耶, 櫻井芳雄, 蘆田宏, 大平英樹

基礎心理学研究 Vol. 30 ( 2 ) page： 227 2012

Distinction between externally vs. internally guided decision-making: operational differences, meta-analytical comparisons and their theoretical implications Reviewed

Takashi Nakao, Hideki Ohira, Georg Northoff

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE Vol. 6 ( MAR ) 2012

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：FRONTIERS MEDIA SA

Most experimental studies of decision-making have specifically examined situations in which a single less-predictable correct answer exists (externally guided decision-making under uncertainty). Along with such externally guided decision-making, there are instances of decision-making in which no correct answer based on external circumstances is available for the subject (internally guided decision-making). Such decisions are usually made in the context of moral decision-making as well as in preference judgment, where the answer depends on the subject's own, i.e., internal, preferences rather than on external, i.e., circumstantial, criteria. The neuronal and psychological mechanisms that allow guidance of decisions based on more internally oriented criteria in the absence of external ones remain unclear. This study was undertaken to compare decision-making of these two kinds empirically and theoretically. First, we reviewed studies of decision-making to clarify experimental operational differences between externally guided and internally guided decision-making. Second, using multi-level kernel density analysis, a whole-brain-based quantitative meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies was performed. Our meta-analysis revealed that the neural network used predominantly for internally guided decision-making differs from that for externally guided decision-making under uncertainty. This result suggests that studying only externally guided decision-making under uncertainty is insufficient to account for decision-making processes in the brain. Finally, based on the review and results of the meta-analysis, we discuss the differences and relations between decision-making of these two types in terms of their operational, neuronal, and theoretical characteristics.

DOI： 10.3389/fnins.2012.00031

4. μ-オピオイド受容体遺伝子多型と血中サイトカイン,健康感との関連(一般演題,第63回日本心身医学会中部地方会演題抄録)

松永昌宏, 金子宏, 川西陽子, 舌津高秋, 坪井宏仁, 山本絋子, 大平英樹, 春日井邦夫, 米田政志

心身医学 Vol. 52 ( 2 ) page： 156 2012

Psychological and physiological responses to odor-evoked autobiographic memory

Matsunaga M., Isowa T., Yamakawa K., Kawanishi Y., Tsuboi H., Kaneko H., Sadato N., Oshida A., Katayama A., Kashiwagi M., Ohira H.

Activitas Nervosa Superior Rediviva Vol. 53 ( 3 ) page： 114 - 120 2011.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Activitas Nervosa Superior Rediviva

The "Proust phenomenon" occurs when a certain smell evokes a specific memory. Recent studies have demonstrated that odor-evoked autobiographic memories are more emotional than those elicited by other sensory stimuli because of the direct neural communication between the olfactory system and the amygdala. The amygdala is known to regulate various physiological activities including the endocrine and immune systems; therefore, odor-evoked autobiographic memory may trigger various psychological and physiological responses; however, the responses elicited by this memory remains obscure. In this study, we aimed to investigate the psychological and physiological responses accompanying odor-evoked autobiographic memory. We recruited healthy male and female volunteers and investigated changes in their mood states and autonomic nervous, endocrine, and immune activities when autobiographic memory was evoked in the participants by asking them to smell an odor(s) that was nostalgic to them. The autobiographic memories associated with positive emotion resulted in increased positive mood states, such as comfort and happiness, and decreased negative mood states, such as anxiety. Furthermore, heart rate was decreased, skin-conductance level was increased, and peripheral interleukin-2 level was decreased after smelling the nostalgic odor. These psychological and physiological responses were significantly correlated. The present study suggests that odor-evoked autobiographic memory along with a positive feeling induce various physiological responses, including the autonomic nervous and immune activities. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to observe an interaction between odor-evoked autobiographic memories and immune function. © 2011 Activitas Nervosa Superior Rediviva.

Psychological and physiological responses to odor-evoked autobiographic memory

Matsunaga M., Isowa T., Yamakawa K., Kawanishi Y., Tsuboi H., Kaneko H., Sadato N., Oshida A., Katayama A., Kashiwagi M., Ohira H.

Neuroendocrinology Letters Vol. 32 ( 6 ) page： 774 - 780 2011.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Neuroendocrinology Letters

OBJECTIVE: The "Proust phenomenon" occurs when a certain smell evokes a specific memory. Recent studies have demonstrated that odor-evoked autobiographic memories are more emotional than those elicited by other sensory stimuli because of the direct neural communication between the olfactory system and the amygdala. The amygdala is known to regulate various physiological activities including the endocrine and immune systems; therefore, odor-evoked autobiographic memory may trigger various psychological and physiological responses; however, the responses elicited by this memory remains obscure. In this study, we aimed to investigate the psychological and physiological responses accompanying odor-evoked autobiographic memory. METHODS: We recruited healthy male and female volunteers and investigated changes in their mood states and autonomic nervous, endocrine, and immune activities when autobiographic memory was evoked in the participants by asking them to smell an odor(s) that was nostalgic to them. RESULTS: The autobiographic memories associated with positive emotion resulted in increased positive mood states, such as comfort and happiness, and decreased negative mood states, such as anxiety. Furthermore, heart rate was decreased, skin-conductance level was increased, and peripheral interleukin-2 level was decreased after smelling the nostalgic odor. These psychological and physiological responses were significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that odor-evoked autobiographic memory along with a positive feeling induce various physiological responses, including the autonomic nervous and immune activities. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to observe an interaction between odor-evoked autobiographic memories and immune function. © 2011 Neuroendocrinology Letters.

Implicit attenuation of subsequent emotion by cognitive activity

Iida Saea, Nakao Takashi, Ohira Hideki

COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE Vol. 11 ( 4 ) page： 476 - 484 2011.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience

The successful regulation of emotion relies heavily on executive function. Until very recently, however, the specific effects of executive function activity on other processes havereceived relatively little empirical attention. The link between executive function and emotional responses suggests that the activation of executive function may play an important role in the attenuation of emotional responses. We conducted twoexperiments to test the hypothesis that decrements in emotional responses following cognitive task performance might be caused, at least in part, by the activation of executive function. First, we sought to test whetherthe activation of executive function reducedemotional responsesimplicitly, without any volitional effort. Next, we sought to examine the link between prior activation of executivefunction and the attenuation of subsequent emotional responses, by comparing the effects of an executive-function-demanding task with the effects of a task that is equally effortful but does not engage executive function. We discuss our results in the context of the role of executive function in the attenuation of emotion. © Psychonomic Society, Inc. 2011.

DOI： 10.3758/s13415-011-0045-y

Beneficial roles of emotion in decision making: Functional association of brain and body

Ohira H.

Psihologijske Teme Vol. 20 ( 3 ) page： 381 - 392 2011.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Psihologijske Teme

Though traditional microeconomics has supposed that human decisions are based on logical and exact computation of cost-benefit balances or efficacies, studies in behavioral economics have shown that humans sometimes make seemingly irrational decisions driven by emotions. In our everyday situations, factors related to decisions are complex and which alternative will be the most beneficial is uncertain. In such cases, emotions have been thought adaptive because they can quickly reduce negative alternatives and facilitate fast and effective decision making. Some theorists argued that one of important sources of such emotional drives affecting decision making is bodily responses that are represented in brain regions (Craig, 2009; Damasio, 1994). In this article, empirical evidence for the functional associations of the brain and body accompanying decision making will be shown as follows. (1) Heart rate responses and concentration of inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) can predict acceptance or rejection of an unfair offer in an economical negotiation game, the Ultimatum Game. Activation of the anterior insula mediates relationship between bodily states and decision making. (2) Sympathetic responses reflected by secretion of adrenaline are represented in brain regions such as the midbrain, anterior cingulate cortex, and anterior insula, and furthermore can determine exploration of decision making in a situation where an action-outcome contingency is stochastic and unstable. These findings suggest beneficial roles of emotion and bodily responses in decision making.

Chronic stress modulates neural and cardiovascular responses during reversal learning

Chronic stress modulates neural and cardiovascular responses during reversal learning. Reviewed

Ohira, H., Matsunaga, M., Kimura, K., Murakami, H., Osumi, T., Isowa, T., Fukuyama, S., Shinoda, J., & Yamada, J.

Neuroscience. Vol. 193 page： 193–204 2011.10

Chronic stress modulates neural and cardiovascular responses during reversal learning.

Ohira H, Matsunaga M, Kimura K, Murakami H, Osumi T, Isowa T, Fukuyama S, Shinoda J, Yamada J

Neuroscience Vol. 193 page： 193 - 204 2011.10

Ohira H., Matsunaga M., Kimura K., Murakami H., Osumi T., Isowa T., Fukuyama S., Shinoda J., Yamada J.

Neuroscience Vol. 193 page： 193 - 204 2011.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Neuroscience

Animal studies have revealed that chronic stress shifts cognitive strategies from the flexible goal-directed action to the simple and rigid habit action. In addition, stress-induced atrophy in the prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial striatum which are involved in the goal-directed action and hypertrophy of the dorsolateral striatum which is critical for the habit action were parallel with the effects of chronic stress on behaviors. The present study tested whether these previous findings in animal studies are compatible in humans by analyzing effects of chronic stress on neural and cardiovascular responses, which are likely important for performing appropriate actions. Twenty healthy men exposed to low or high chronic job stress performed a stochastic reversal learning task, which required cognitive flexibility and the goal-directed action. Regional cerebral blood flow was evaluated during the task using 15O-water positron emission tomography, and cardiovascular parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate were also measured. During the reversal learning task, whereas participants with low chronic job stress exhibited activity in the anterior caudate, as well as orbitofrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, insula, and midbrain, which might be related to the goal-directed action, participants with high chronic job stress exhibited no activity in such brain regions. Furthermore, participants with high chronic job stress exhibited less reactivity in diastolic blood pressure, which might be mediated by anterior cingulate cortical activity. These findings, in line with previous studies, suggested that chronic job stress correlates with less activity in brain regions related to the goal-directed action, and insensitive physiological responses in humans. © 2011 IBRO.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.014

CHRONIC STRESS MODULATES NEURAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES DURING REVERSAL LEARNING

Ohira H., Matsunaga M., Kimura K., Murakami H., Osumi T., Isowa T., Fukuyama S., Shinoda J., Yamada J.

NEUROSCIENCE Vol. 193 page： 193 - 204 2011.10

慢性職業ストレスによる脳-身体の機能的相関の変容

大平英樹, 松永昌宏, 木村健太, 村上裕樹, 大隅尚広, 磯和勅子, 福山誠介, 篠田淳, 山田實広

ストレス科学 Vol. 26 ( 2 ) page： 230 - 230 2011.10

CHRONIC STRESS MODULATES NEURAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES DURING REVERSAL LEARNING Reviewed

H. Ohira, M. Matsunaga, K. Kimura, H. Murakami, T. Osumi, T. Isowa, S. Fukuyama, J. Shinoda, J. Yamada

NEUROSCIENCE Vol. 193 page： 193 - 204 2011.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Animal studies have revealed that chronic stress shifts cognitive strategies from the flexible goal-directed action to the simple and rigid habit action. In addition, stress-induced atrophy in the prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial striatum which are involved in the goal-directed action and hypertrophy of the dorsolateral striatum which is critical for the habit action were parallel with the effects of chronic stress on behaviors. The present study tested whether these previous findings in animal studies are compatible in humans by analyzing effects of chronic stress on neural and cardiovascular responses, which are likely important for performing appropriate actions. Twenty healthy men exposed to low or high chronic job stress performed a stochastic reversal learning task, which required cognitive flexibility and the goal-directed action. Regional cerebral blood flow was evaluated during the task using (15)O-water positron emission tomography, and cardiovascular parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate were also measured. During the reversal learning task, whereas participants with low chronic job stress exhibited activity in the anterior caudate, as well as orbitofrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, insula, and midbrain, which might be related to the goal-directed action, participants with high chronic job stress exhibited no activity in such brain regions. Furthermore, participants with high chronic job stress exhibited less reactivity in diastolic blood pressure, which might be mediated by anterior cingulate cortical activity. These findings, in line with previous studies, suggested that chronic job stress correlates with less activity in brain regions related to the goal-directed action, and insensitive physiological responses in humans. (C) 2011 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.014

Feeling bad about screwing up: emotion regulation and action monitoring in the anterior cingulate cortex

Unintentional temporal-context-based prediction of emotional faces: An electrophysiological study.

Kimura, M., Kondo, H., Ohira, H., & Schroger, E.

Cerebral Cortex 2011.9

Unintentional temporal-context-based prediction of emotional faces: An electrophysiological study.

Kimura, M, Kondo, H, Ohira, H, Schroger, E

Cerebral Cortex 2011.9

精神神経内分泌免疫研究の展開

木村健太, 大平英樹, 井澤修平, 福田早苗, 菅生貴之, 菅谷渚, 津田彰

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 75 ( 0 ) page： WS102 - WS102 2011.9

遺伝子多型と快感情喚起時の脳活動との関連

松永昌宏, 金子宏, 川西陽子, 舌津高秋, 坪井宏仁, 山本絋子, 大平英樹, 小長谷敏浩

心身医学 Vol. 51 ( 9 ) page： 844 - 844 2011.9

THE PREDICTION ERROR PROCESSING DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IMMEDIATE AND FUTURE REWARDS

Bai Yu, Ohira Hideki

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 48 page： S82 - S82 2011.9

Ichikawa, N; Siegle, GJ; Jones, NP; Kamishima, K; Thompson, WK; Gross, JJ; Ohira, H

COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE Vol. 11 ( 3 ) page： 354 - 371 2011.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience

This study examined neural features of emotional responses to errors. We specifically examined whether directed emotion regulation of negative emotion associated with error modulates action-monitoring functions of anterior cingulate cortex, including conflict monitoring, error processing, and error prevention. Seventeen healthy adults performed a continuous performance task during assessment by fMRI. In each block, participants were asked either to increase or decrease their negative emotional responses or to react naturally after error commission. Emotion regulation instructions were associated with modulation of rostral and dorsal anterior activity and of their effective connectivity following errors and conflict. Cingulate activity and connectivity predicted subsequent errors. These data may suggest that responses to errors are affected by emotion and that aspects of emotion and cognition are inextricably linked, even during a nominally cognitive task. © 2011 Psychonomic Society, Inc.

DOI： 10.3758/s13415-011-0028-z

FAIRNESS PERCEPTION AND AUTONOMIC RESPONSES: A STUDY USING THE ULTIMATUM GAME

Takahiro Osumi, Hideki Ohira

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 48 page： S67 - S67 2011.9

EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING ABILITY PREDICTS EMOTIONAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ACUTE STRESS REACTIVITY

Donny Hendrawan, Kaori Yamakawa, Kimura Motohiro, Hiroki Murakami, Hideki Ohira

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 48 page： S61 - S61 2011.9

交感神経活動が意思決定に及ぼす影響

大平英樹, 松永昌宏, 市川奈穂, 木村健太, 村上裕樹, 大隅尚広

生理心理学と精神生理学 Vol. 29 ( 2 ) page： 185 - 185 2011.8

Modulation of stress reactivity in brain and body by serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism1

Ohira Hideki

JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH Vol. 53 ( 2 ) page： 193 - 210 2011.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Psychological Research

The polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene in the promoter region (5HTTLPR) has been considered to link with vulnerability to depression and anxiety. This paper introduces a series of our studies showing that this genetic polymorphism can explain portions of individual differences in stress reactivity at multiple levels: brain functions, peripheral physiological responses, and behaviors. Specifically: (a) carriers of double short (S) alleles, compared with carriers of at least one long (L) allele, show greater activation in the hypothalamus and larger reactivity in blood catecholamine, cortisol, and an inflammatory cytokine to acute stress; (b) carriers of double S alleles are more sensitive to punishment, and thus show poorer performance in a decision-making situation where they have to stick to a long-term correct option regardless of short-term punishment; and (c) carriers of double S alleles show greater activation of the amygdala and a correlation between amygdalar activity and an increase of natural killer cell proportion in blood when positive emotions are elicited. A possible model to explain the biological mechanisms underlying those phenomena is proposed and the ecological adaptive values of the 5HTTLPR genotypes are discussed. © Japanese Psychological Association 2011.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1468-5884.2011.00465.x

The personality differences on face recognition: The relationships among Japanese version of the congenital/hereditary prosopagnosia screening scale, reaction time, and EEG Reviewed

Modulation of stress reactivity in brain and body by serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism. Japanese Psychological Research. Reviewed

Ohira Hideki

Japanese Psychological Research. Vol. 53 ( 2 ) page： 193–210 2011.3

Modulation of stress reactivity in brain and body by serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism. Japanese Psychological Research. Reviewed

Ohira Hideki

Japanese Psychological Research. Vol. 53 ( 2 ) page： 193–210 2011.3

Noriaki Kanayama, Takahiro Osumi, Hideki Ohira, Tetsuya Iidaka, Kazuo Hiraki

Cognitive Studies Vol. 18 ( 1 ) page： 50 - 63 2011.3

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Cognitive Science Society

Intact face perception is an important function for individual identification in highly socialized human community. Recent studies revealed that there are hereditary individual differences on the cognitive skills related to face identification, named congenital&frasl;hereditary prosopagnosia. The investigation on the congenital&frasl;hereditary prosopagnosia would advance our understanding of the face identification mechanism, however, has not been conducted with Japanese samples. The development of the Japanese version of the congenital&frasl;hereditary prosopagnosia screening scale is the first step of the congenital&frasl;hereditary prosopagnosia study in Japan. In this study, we attempted the translation of the original screening scale into Japanese, and also investigated the relationship between the score of scale and behavioral&frasl;physiological responses on face stimuli. As a result, we found highly internal consistency and test-retest reliability for the Japanese version of the congenital&frasl;hereditary prosopagnosia screening scale. Also we have revealed the score was related to some behavioral performances and ERP responses related to the self-face perception.

DOI： 10.11225/jcss.18.50

Functional Association Between the Brain and Physiological Responses Accompanying Negative and Positive Emotions and Its Regulation by Genetic Factors Reviewed

Ohira Hideki

Primatology Monographs Vol. 0 page： 367-387 2011

The Cognitive Process in Moral Judgment: An ERP Study Reviewed

Ojima Yukari, Kanayama Noriaki, Ohira Hideki

Cognitive Studies: Bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society Vol. 18 ( 2 ) page： 314 - 319 2011

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Cognitive Science Society

To maintain our well-ordered social life, we should detect whether a behavior is immoral. In this study, we tried to reveal the plural cognitive processes involved in the moral judgment, using EEG with high temporal resolution. As stimuli, one sentence consisted of three phrases (in Japanese) was used per trial. The predicate was modified to create behavior variations for four conditions: Moral⁄Violation (e.g., He pockets a coin picked up.), Moral⁄Match (He hands over a coin picked up.), Semantic⁄Violation (He empathizes a coin picked up.), Semantic⁄Match (He looks a coin picked up.). We compared ERP responses between violation and match sentences, and demonstrated that N400 component in Semantic⁄Violation was larger than in Semantic⁄Match. For moral sentences, N400 was not significantly different between violation and match, while LPC in Moral⁄Violation was larger than in Moral⁄Match. This suggested that the cognition of moral violation is more complex cognitive process compared with semantic violation.

DOI： 10.11225/jcss.18.314

認知課題を用いた不快感情の促進・抑制―時系列的検討―

飯田沙依亜, 大平英樹, 舟橋厚

感情心理学研究 Vol. 18 ( 3 ) page： 203 2011

Editorial

Ohira Hideki

THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS Vol. 18 ( 2 ) page： 120 - 120 2011

Psychological and physiological responses to odor-evoked autobiographic memory. Reviewed International journal

Matsunaga M, Isowa T, Yamakawa K, Kawanishi Y, Tsuboi H, Kaneko H, Sadato N, Oshida A, Katayama A, Kashiwagi M, Ohira H

Neuro endocrinology letters Vol. 32 ( 6 ) page： 774 - 780 2011

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Associations among perceived happiness, medial prefrontal cortex activity, pro-inflammatory cytokine, and subjective social status in middle-aged Japanese population

P2-37 認知的活動による不快感情の抑制 : 閾下呈示された感情刺激の処理への影響(ポスター発表(2))

飯田沙依亜, 大平英樹, 舟橋厚

日本パーソナリティ心理学会発表論文集 Vol. 20 ( 0 ) page： 141 2011

Perceived happiness level influences evocation of positive emotions. Reviewed

Matsunaga, M, Murakami, H, Yamakawa, K, Isowa, T, Fukuyama, S, Shinoda, J, Yamada, J, Ohira, H

Natural science Vol. 3 page： 723 - 727 2011

Psychological and physiological responses to odor-evoked autobiographic memory

Matsunaga Masahiro, Isowa Tokiko, Yamakawa Kaori, Kawanishi Yoko, Tsuboi Hirohito, Kaneko Hiroshi, Sadato Norihiro, Oshida Akiko, Katayama Atsushi, Kashiwagi Mitsuyoshi, Ohira Hideki

NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS Vol. 32 ( 6 ) page： 774 - 780 2011

P1-48 主観的差の判断の基礎的研究(ポスター発表(1))

小林弘幸, 小塩真司, 大平英樹

日本パーソナリティ心理学会発表論文集 Vol. 20 ( 0 ) page： 88 2011

Implicit attenuation of a subsequent emotion by cognitive activity Reviewed

Iida, S, Nakao, T, Ohira, H

Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience Vol. 11 page： 476 - 484 2011

Functional Association Between the Brain and Physiological Responses Accompanying Negative and Positive Emotions and Its Regulation by Genetic Factors

Ohira Hideki

FROM GENES TO ANIMAL BEHAVIOR: SOCIAL STRUCTURES, PERSONALITIES, COMMINICATION BY COLOR page： 367 - 387 2011

Functional Association Between the Brain and Physiological Responses Accompanying Negative and Positive Emotions and Its Regulation by Genetic Factors Reviewed

Ohira Hideki

Primatology Monographs Vol. 0 page： 367-387 2011

Masahiro Matsunaga, Tokiko Isowa, Kaori Yamakawa, Norihiro Sadato, Hideki Ohira

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH Vol. 71 page： E385 - E385 2011

Association between perceived happiness levels and peripheral circulating pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in middle-aged adults in Japan

Matsunaga M., Isowa T., Yamakawa K., Tsuboi H., Kawanishi Y., Kaneko H., Kasugai K., Yoneda M., Ohira H.

Neuroendocrinology Letters Vol. 32 ( 4 ) page： 458 - 463 2011

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Neuroendocrinology Letters

OBJECTIVES: The idea that perceived happiness may be associated with health and well-being is a recent topic of focus. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the positive effects of happiness on psychological and physiological wellness remain obscure. In this study, we attempted to clarify the association between systemic inflammation and happiness. METHODS: We recruited 160 healthy volunteers for experiment 1 and compared peripheral inflammatory markers, namely the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum, between perceived high-happiness and low-happiness groups. Subsequently, we recruited 7 romantic couples for experiment 2 and investigated changes in peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokine levels after the evocation of happiness, which was induced by warm physical contact with the partner. RESULTS: We found that circulating levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which can affect brain functions and induce depressive symptoms, were lower in the high-happiness group than in the low-happiness group. A negative correlation between the levels of perceived happiness and IFN-γ concentrations was also observed. Furthermore, we also found that experimentally induced happiness could reduce peripheral IFN-γ levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results revealed an association between the perception of happiness and systemic inflammation. Increased happiness may suppress the peripheral circulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. © 2011 Neuroendocrinology Letters.

Association between perceived happiness levels and peripheral circulating pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in middle-aged adults in Japan Reviewed

Masahiro Matsunaga, Tokiko Isowa, Kaori Yamakawa, Hirohito Tsuboi, Yoko Kawanishi, Hiroshi Kaneko, Kunio Kasugai, Masashi Yoneda, Hideki Ohira

NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS Vol. 32 ( 4 ) page： 458 - 463 2011

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：MAGHIRA & MAAS PUBLICATIONS

OBJECTIVES: The idea that perceived happiness may be associated with health and well-being is a recent topic of focus. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the positive effects of happiness on psychological and physiological wellness remain obscure. In this study, we attempted to clarify the association between systemic inflammation and happiness.
METHODS: We recruited 160 healthy volunteers for experiment 1 and compared peripheral inflammatory markers, namely the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum, between perceived high-happiness and low-happiness groups. Subsequently, we recruited 7 romantic couples for experiment 2 and investigated changes in peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokine levels after the evocation of happiness, which was induced by warm physical contact with the partner.
RESULTS: We found that circulating levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), which can affect brain functions and induce depressive symptoms, were lower in the high-happiness group than in the low-happiness group. A negative correlation between the levels of perceived happiness and IFN-gamma concentrations was also observed. Furthermore, we also found that experimentally induced happiness could reduce peripheral IFN-gamma levels.
CONCLUSIONS: These results revealed an association between the perception of happiness and systemic inflammation. Increased happiness may suppress the peripheral circulation of pro-inflammatory cytolcines.

5.遺伝子多型と快感情喚起時の脳活動との関連(一般演題,第62回日本心身医学会中部地方会演題抄録)

Association between perceived happiness levels and peripheral circulating pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in middle-aged adults in Japan

Matsunaga Masahiro, Isowa Tokiko, Yamakawa Kaori, Tsuboi Hirohito, Kawanishi Yoko, Kaneko Hiroshi, Kasugai Kunio, Yoneda Masashi, Ohira Hideki

NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS Vol. 32 ( 4 ) page： 458 - 463 2011

松永昌宏, 金子宏, 川西陽子, 舌津高秋, 坪井宏仁, 山本絋子, 大平英樹, 小長谷敏浩

心身医学 Vol. 51 ( 9 ) page： 844 2011

Subjective and model-estimated reward prediction: Association with the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and reward prediction error in a reinforcement learning task Reviewed

Naho Ichikawa, Greg J. Siegle, Alexandre Dombrovski, Hideki Ohira

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 78 ( 3 ) page： 273 - 283 2010.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

In this study, we examined whether the feedback-related negativity (FRN) is associated with both subjective and objective (model-estimated) reward prediction errors (RPE) per trial in a reinforcement learning task in healthy adults (n = 25). The level of RPE was assessed by 1) subjective ratings per trial and by 2) a computational model of reinforcement learning. As results, model-estimated RPE was highly correlated with subjective RPE (r = .82), and the grand-averaged ERP waves based on the trials with high and low model-estimated RPE showed the significant difference only in the time period of the FRN component (p<.05). Regardless of the time course of learning, FRN was associated with both subjective and model-estimated RPEs within subject ( r = .47, p<.001; r = .40, p<.05) and between subjects (r = .33, p<.05; r = .41, p<.005) only in the Learnable condition where the internal reward prediction varied enough with a behavior-reward contingency. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.09.001

Localizing sensory and cognitive systems for pre-attentive visual deviance detection: An sLORETA analysis of the data of Kimura et al. (2009) Reviewed

Motohiro Kimura, Hideki Ohira, Erich Schroeger

NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS Vol. 485 ( 3 ) page： 198 - 203 2010.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD

Pre-attentive deviance detection in the visual environment has been known to be reflected by an event-related brain potential (ERP) component, deviant-related negativity. Recently, however, we demonstrated that deviant-related negativity comprises two, temporally and spatially overlapping ERP components, by using an experimental protocol consisting of oddball and equiprobable sequences [M. Kimura, J. Katayama, H. Ohira, E. Schroger, Visual mismatch negativity: new evidence from the equiprobable paradigm, Psychophysiology 46 (2009) 402-409]: (1) visual N1 that reflects a sensory, refractoriness-based deviance detection system and (2) visual mismatch negativity (MMN) that reflects a cognitive, memory-comparison-based deviance detection system. In the present paper, we further elucidated the neural generators of the visual N1 and visual MMN with standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA). Results showed that the visual N1 was involved in neural activations of the primary and nonprimary visual areas, while the visual MMN was involved in neural activations of the nonprimary visual areas and the prefrontal areas. These results suggest that the sensory and cognitive deviance detection systems subserved by distinct neural structures underlie our efficient pre-attentive visual deviance detection. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.09.011

The positive side of psychopathy: Emotional detachment in psychopathy and rational decision-making in the ultimatum game Reviewed

P2-37 サイコパシーによる扁桃体活動の低下が公正選好に及ぼす影響 : 脳領域間の機能的関連の検討(ポスター発表)

大隅尚広, 中尾敬, 大平英樹

日本パーソナリティ心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 19 ( 19 ) page： 113 - 113 2010.10

Medial prefrontal cortex-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex connectivity during behavior selection without an objective correct answer

Nakao Takashi, Osumi Takahiro, Ohira Hideki, Kasuya Yukinori, Shinoda Jun, Yamada Jitsuhiro, Northoff Georg

NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS Vol. 482 ( 3 ) page： 220 - 224 2010.10

Takahiro Osumi, Hideki Ohira

PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Vol. 49 ( 5 ) page： 451 - 456 2010.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

An emotional deficit in individuals with psychopathy has been regarded as a potential factor in the disinhibition of selfish behaviors, which can be an impediment to a successful life in human society. However, recent studies in the field of economics have made clear that emotional function is associated with irrational decision-making. In the present study, to test whether psychopathy may have a positive aspect in a social setting, we examined the decision-making of college students with high and low tendencies for psychopathy in the ultimatum game, which illustrates conflict between fairness and economic utility. We also investigated electrodermal responses to fair and unfair offers for each group. Compared to low psychopathic controls, individuals with a high tendency toward psychopathy more often choose economic utility by accepting unfair offers. Whereas controls more often exhibited an electrodermal response to unfair offers compared to fair offers, high psychopathic individuals did not show a similar difference between the types of offer. The results suggest that the affective deficit of psychopathy might be associated with insensitivity to unfairness and may contribute to a rational decision to accept unfair offers. Hence, psychopathy can be rational in some social situations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.paid.2010.04.016

Medial prefrontal cortex-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex connectivity during behavior selection without an objective correct answer

Nakao T., Osumi T., Ohira H., Kasuya Y., Shinoda J., Yamada J., Northoff G.

Neuroscience Letters Vol. 482 ( 3 ) page： 220 - 224 2010.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Neuroscience Letters

Life choices (e.g., occupational choice) often include situations with two or more possible correct answers, thereby putting us in a situation of conflict. Recent reports have described that the evaluation of conflict might be crucially mediated by neural activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), although the reduction of conflict might rather be associated with neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). What remains unclear is whether these regions mutually interact, thereby raising the question of their functional connectivity during conflict situations. Using psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, this study shows that the dACC co-varied significantly higher with the MPFC during an occupational choice task with two possible correct answers when compared to the control task: a word-length task with one possible correct answer. These results suggest that the MPFC has a functional relation with dACC, especially in conflict situations where there is no objective correct answer. Taken together, this lends support to the assumption that the MPFC might be crucial in biasing the decision, thereby reducing conflict. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.07.041

Medial prefrontal cortex-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex connectivity during behavior selection without an objective correct answer Reviewed

Takashi Nakao, Takahiro Osumi, Hideki Ohira, Yukinori Kasuya, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada, Georg Northoff

NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS Vol. 482 ( 3 ) page： 220 - 224 2010.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD

DOI： 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.07.041

Perceived happiness level influences brain activity when positive emotions are elicited by looking at a favorite person

顔表情の刺激駆動的予測

木村元洋, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 74 ( 0 ) page： 1PM062 - 1PM062 2010.9

精神神経内分泌免疫学研究の応用

木村健太, 大平英樹, 坪井宏仁, 岡村尚昌, 井澤修平, 山田冨美雄, 佐藤健二

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 74 ( 0 ) page： S001 - S001 2010.9

認知課題による不快感情の抑制

飯田沙依亜, 大平英樹, 舟橋厚

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 74 ( 0 ) page： 1PM122 - 1PM122 2010.9

MATSUNAGA Masahiro, MURAKAMI Hiroki, YAMAKAWA Kaori, ISOWA Tokiko, OHIRA Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 74 ( 0 ) page： 1PM123 - 1PM123 2010.9

The Relationships between Depressive Tendency and Dysfunctional Attitudes in Psychopathy

OSUMI Takahiro, OHIRA Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 74 ( 0 ) page： 1AM099 - 1AM099 2010.9

The effect of human opponent on autonomic activity during versus fighting game

Kobayashi Hiroyuki, Nagano Yuichiro, Nakao Ayako, Funaki Shuhei, Sato Haruki, Takeuchi Masashi, Ohira Hideki

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 77 ( 3 ) page： 283 - 283 2010.9

Medial prefrontal cortex - dorsal anterior cingulate cortex connectivity during behavior selection without an objective correct answer

Takashi Nakao, Takahiro Osumi, Hideki Ohira, Yukinori Kasuya, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada, Georg Northoff

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 77 ( 3 ) page： 323 - 323 2010.9

Human oscillatory activities associated with reward and punishment processing in a probabilistic reversal learning task

Bai Yu, Hideki Ohira

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 77 ( 3 ) page： 312 - 313 2010.9

Effects of recall facilitation on P300-based guilty knowledge test

Hamamoto, Y; Hira, S; Ohira, H

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 77 ( 3 ) page： 333 - 333 2010.9

Automatic emotion regulation by cognitive task

Saea Iida, Hideki Ohira, Takashi Nakao, Atsushi Funahashi

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 77 ( 3 ) page： 280 - 281 2010.9

A role of the anterior insula in altruistic punishment: An fMRI study using the ultimatum game and the dictator game

Takahiro Osumi, Takashi Nakao, Yukinori Kasuya, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada, Hideki Ohira

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 77 ( 3 ) page： 324 - 324 2010.9

水回避ストレス負荷による腸管運動亢進に対する脳内オキシトシンの抑制作用(Inhibitory effect of central oxytocin on acceleration of colonic motility induced by water-avoidance stress in rats)

松永昌宏, 米田政志, 春日井邦夫, 大平英樹, 坪井宏仁, 金子宏

神経化学 Vol. 49 ( 2-3 ) page： 735 - 735 2010.8

主観的幸福感とポジティブ感情喚起時の脳活動との関連

松永昌宏, 村上裕樹, 山川香織, 磯和勅子, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 74回 page： 909 - 909 2010.8

The Somatic Marker Revisited: Brain and Body in Emotional Decision Making

Hideki Ohira

EMOTION REVIEW Vol. 2 ( 3 ) page： 245 - 249 2010.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC

One important function of emotions is to guide decision making and behaviors for survival in complex environments. In the context of such reasoning, the somatic marker hypothesis (Damasio, 1994) has argued that bodily states are represented in specific brain regions, such as the insula, and would play critical roles in decision making. However, it still remains unclear what causal roles bodily states would play in decision making, and how the bodily states would change accompanying decision making. Thus, the aim of this article is to reconsider aspects of the brain and bodily states in decision making based on recent findings. Questions for future research are proposed based on such findings.

DOI： 10.1177/1754073910362599

Phasicheart rate responses for anticipated threat situations. Reviewed International journal

Murakami, H, Matsunaga,M, Ohira, H

International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol. 77 ( 1 ) page： 21 - 25 2010.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The effects of anticipated threat situations and the valence of the stimuli on the deceleration of the phasic heart rate (HR) were investigated in a single experiment using an S1-S2 paradigm. There were certain S1 cues that were always expected to be followed by neutral pictures (S2 stimuli), and uncertain S1 cues that had a 50% probability of being followed by neutral or unpleasant pictures (S2 stimuli). Greater phasic HR deceleration was observed for S2 stimuli following uncertain S1 cues than for S2 stimuli following certain S1 cues, regardless of the valence of the S2 stimuli. This result suggests that an anticipated threat situation in which participants anticipate facing potentially unpleasant stimuli leads to the allocation of more attentional resources. Additionally, correlation analyses revealed that highly anxious individuals tended to show greater HR deceleration in response to unpleasant stimuli, possibly reflecting maladaptive attentional bias for threat stimuli.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.03.012

Human Visual System Automatically Encodes Sequential Regularities of Discrete Events

Kimura Motohiro, Schroeger Erich, Czigler Istvan, Ohira Hideki

JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE Vol. 22 ( 6 ) page： 1124 - 1139 2010.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

For our adaptive behavior in a dynamically changing environment, an essential task of the brain is to automatically encode sequential regularities inherent in the environment into a memory representation. Recent studies in neuroscience have suggested that sequential regularities embedded in discrete sensory events are automatically encoded into a memory representation at the level of the sensory system. This notion is largely supported by evidence from investigations using auditory mismatch negativity (auditory MMN), an event-related brain potential (ERP) correlate of an automatic memory-mismatch process in the auditory sensory system. However, it is still largely unclear whether or not this notion can be generalized to other sensory modalities. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the contribution of the visual sensory system to the automatic encoding of sequential regularities using visual mismatch negativity (visual MMN), an ERP correlate of an automatic memory-mismatch process in the visual sensory system. To this end, we conducted a sequential analysis of visual MMN in an oddball sequence consisting of infrequent deviant and frequent standard stimuli, and tested whether the underlying memory representation of visual MMN generation contains only a sensory memory trace of standard stimuli (trace-mismatch hypothesis) or whether it also contains sequential regularities extracted from the repetitive standard sequence (regularity-violation hypothesis). The results showed that visual MMN was elicited by first deviant (deviant stimuli following at least one standard stimulus), second deviant (deviant stimuli immediately following first deviant), and first standard (standard stimuli immediately following first deviant), but not by second standard (standard stimuli immediately following first standard). These results are consistent with the regularity-violation hypothesis, suggesting that the visual sensory system automatically encodes sequential regularities. In combination with a wide range of auditory MMN studies, the present study highlights the critical role of sensory systems in automatically encoding sequential regularities when modeling the world. © 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

DOI： 10.1162/jocn.2009.21299

EEG evidence of face-specific visual self-representation

Makoto Miyakoshi, Noriaki Kanayama, Tetsuya Iidaka, Hideki Ohira

NEUROIMAGE Vol. 50 ( 4 ) page： 1666 - 1675 2010.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

Cognitive science has regarded an individual's face as a form of representative stimuli to engage self-representation. The domain-generality of self-representation has been assumed in several reports, but was recently refuted in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study (Sugiura et al., 2008). The general validity of this study's criticism should be tested by other measures to compensate for the limitation of the time resolution of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal. In this article, we report an EEG study on the domain-generality of visual self-representation. Domain-general self-representation was operationally defined as the self-relevance common to one's own Face and Cup; three levels of familiarity, Self. Familiar, and Unfamiliar, were prepared for each. There was another condition, Visual Field, that manipulated visual hemifield during stimulus presentation, but it was collapsed because it produced no interaction with stimulus familiarity. Our results confirmed comparable phase resetting in both domains in response to familiarity manipulation, which occurred within the medial frontal area during 270-390 ms poststimulus and in the theta band. However, self-specific dissociation was observed only for Face. The results here support the conclusion that visual self-representation is domain-specific and that the oscillatory responses observed suggest evidence of face-specific visual self-representation. Results also revealed an inter-trial phase coherency decrease specifically for Self-Face within the right fusiform area during 170-290 ms poststimulus and in the alpha and theta band, suggesting reduced functional demand for Self-Face represented by sharpened networks. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.030

Self-Knowledge Reduces Conflict by Biasing One of Plural Possible Answers

Nakao Takashi, Mitsumoto Mayo, Nashiwa Hitomi, Takamura Masahiro, Tokunaga Satoko, Miyatani Makoto, Ohira Hideki, Katayama Kaori, Okamoto Akane, Watanabe Yu

PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 36 ( 4 ) page： 455 - 469 2010.4

Self-Knowledge Reduces Conflict by Biasing One of Plural Possible Answers Reviewed

Takashi Nakao, Mayo Mitsumoto, Hitomi Nashiwa, Masahiro Takamura, Satoko Tokunaga, Makoto Miyatani, Hideki Ohira, Kaori Katayama, Akane Okamoto, Yu Watanabe

PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 36 ( 4 ) page： 455 - 469 2010.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC

The authors investigated whether self-knowledge has a function to reduce conflict by biasing one of two choices during occupational choice (e.g., Which occupation do you think you could do better-dancer or chemist). In the three experiments, event-related brain potentials were recorded. Experiment I revealed that the amplitude of the conflict-related negativity (CRN) reflects strength of conflict during occupational choice. Results of Experiment 2 demonstrated that the CRN amplitude during occupational choice was smaller when self-knowledge was activated than when other-knowledge was activated. Experiment 3 showed that the CRN amplitude during occupational choice was decreased more when self-knowledge that biases one choice of occupation was activated than when self-knowledge that does not bias was activated. These results suggest that self-knowledge reduces conflict by biasing one of multiple choices in situations where two or more possible correct answers can be given.

DOI： 10.1177/0146167210363403

Self-knowledge reduces conflict by biasing one of plural possible answers

Nakao T., Mitsumoto M., Nashiwa H., Takamura M., Tokunaga S., Miyatani M., Ohira H., Katayama K., Okamoto A., Watanabe Y.

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Vol. 36 ( 4 ) page： 455 - 469 2010.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

The authors investigated whether self-knowledge has a function to reduce conflict by biasing one of two choices during occupational choice (e.g., Which occupation do you think you could do better?-dancer or chemist). In the three experiments, event-related brain potentials were recorded. Experiment 1 revealed that the amplitude of the conflict-related negativity (CRN) reflects strength of conflict during occupational choice. Results of Experiment 2 demonstrated that the CRN amplitude during occupational choice was smaller when self-knowledge was activated than when other-knowledge was activated. Experiment 3 showed that the CRN amplitude during occupational choice was decreased more when self-knowledge that biases one choice of occupation was activated than when self-knowledge that does not bias was activated. These results suggest that self-knowledge reduces conflict by biasing one of multiple choices in situations where two or more possible correct answers can be given © 2010 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

DOI： 10.1177/0146167210363403

Genetic variations in the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region influence attraction for a favorite person and the associated interactions between the central nervous and immune systems

Matsunaga Masahiro, Murakami Hiroki, Yamakawa Kaori, Isowa Tokiko, Kasugai Kunio, Yoneda Masashi, Kaneko Hiroshi, Fukuyama Seisuke, Shinoda Jun, Yamada Jitsuhiro, Ohira Hideki

NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS Vol. 468 ( 3 ) page： 211 - 215 2010.1

Matsunaga M., Murakami H., Yamakawa K., Isowa T., Kasugai K., Yoneda M., Kaneko H., Fukuyama S., Shinoda J., Yamada J., Ohira H.

Neuroscience Letters Vol. 468 ( 3 ) page： 211 - 215 2010.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Neuroscience Letters

Limbic system activation that occurs when a person experiences several emotions is primarily represented by the amygdala output that influences autonomic brainstem nuclei that control autonomic nervous function, thus modulating the endocrine and immune systems. Amygdala activity is modulated by the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5HTTLPR); however, whether variations in 5HTTLPR influence central nervous and immune activities in response to positive stimuli remains unclear. Here, we found that seeing a favorite person induced significantly higher amygdala activity in individuals with the 5HTTLPR SS genotype than in others. This activity was positively correlated with changes in the NK cell proportion among peripheral lymphocytes. Thus, 5HTTLPR influences attraction and the associated interactions between the central nervous and immune systems in affectively positive situations. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.10.093

Brain and autonomic association accompanying stochastic decision-making

Brain and autonomic association accompanying stochastic decision-making.

Ohira H, Ichikawa N, Nomura M, Isowa T, Kimura K, Kanayama N, Fukuyama S, Shinoda J, Yamada J

NeuroImage Vol. 49 ( 1 ) page： 1024 - 37 2010.1

Ohira H., Ichikawa N., Nomura M., Isowa T., Kimura K., Kanayama N., Fukuyama S., Shinoda J., Yamada J.

NeuroImage Vol. 49 ( 1 ) page： 1024 - 1037 2010.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：NeuroImage

To examine the functional association between brain and autonomic activities accompanying decision-making, we simultaneously recorded regional cerebral blood flow using 15O-water positron emission tomography and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) time-locked to feedback of reward and punishment, as well as cardiovascular parameters, during a stochastic decision-making task. We manipulated the uncertainty of outcomes in the task; specifically, we compared a condition with high predictability of reward/punishment (contingent-reward condition) and a condition with low predictability of reward/punishment (random-reward condition). The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was commonly activated in both conditions. Compared with the contingent-reward condition, the orbitofrontal and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and dorsal striatum were activated in the random-reward condition, where subjects had to continue to seek contingency between stimuli and reward/punishment. Activation of these brain regions correlated with a positive component of ERPs locked to feedback signals (feedback-related positivity), which showed an association with behavioral decision-making in the contingent-reward condition. Furthermore, cardiovascular responses were attenuated in the random-reward condition, where continuous attention and contingency monitoring were needed, and such attenuation of cardiovascular responses was mediated by vagal activity that was governed by the rostral ACC. These findings suggest that the prefrontal-striatal network provides a neural basis for decision-making and modulation over the peripheral autonomic activity accompanying decision-making. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.07.060

Brain and autonomic association accompanying stochastic decision-making

Ohira Hideki, Ichikawa Naho, Nomura Michio, Isowa Tokiko, Kimura Kenta, Kanayama Noriaki, Fukuyama Seisuke, Shinoda Jun, Yamada Jitsuhiro

NEUROIMAGE Vol. 49 ( 1 ) page： 1024 - 1037 2010.1

Matsunaga M, Murakami H, Yamakawa K, Isowa T, Kasugai K, Yoneda M, Kaneko H, Fukuyama S, Shinoda J, Yamada J, Ohira H.

Neuroscience Letters page： 211-215 2010.1

Masahiro Matsunaga, Hiroki Murakami, Kaori Yamakawa, Tokiko Isowa, Kunio Kasugai, Masashi Yoneda, Hiroshi Kaneko, Seisuke Fukuyama, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada, Hideki Ohira

NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS Vol. 468 ( 3 ) page： 211 - 215 2010.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD

DOI： 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.10.093

Brain and autonomic association accompanying stochastic decision-making Reviewed

Hideki Ohira, Naho Ichikawa, Michio Nomura, Tokiko Isowa, Kenta Kimura, Noriaki Kanayama, Seisuke Fukuyama, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada

NEUROIMAGE Vol. 49 ( 1 ) page： 1024 - 1037 2010.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

To examine the functional association between brain and autonomic activities accompanying decision-making, we simultaneously recorded regional cerebral blood flow using (15)O-water positron emission tomography and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) time-locked to feedback of reward and punishment, as well as cardiovascular parameters, during a stochastic decision-making task. We manipulated the uncertainty Of Outcomes in the task; specifically, we compared a condition with high predictability of reward/punishment (contingent-reward condition) and a condition with low predictability of reward/punishment (random-reward condition). The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was commonly activated in both conditions. Compared with the contingent-reward condition, the orbitofrontal and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and dorsal striatum were activated in the random-reward condition, where subjects had to continue to seek contingency between stimuli and reward/punishment. Activation of these brain regions correlated with a positive component of ERPs locked to feedback signals (feedback-related positivity), which showed an association with behavioral decision-making in the contingent-reward condition. Furthermore, cardiovascular responses were attenuated in the random-reward condition, where continuous attention and contingency monitoring were needed, and such attenuation of cardiovascular responses was mediated by vagal activity that was governed by the rostral ACC. These findings suggest that the prefrontal-striatal network provides a neural basis for decision-making and modulation over the peripheral autonomic activity accompanying decision-making. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.07.060

認知課題への取り組みが後続する不快画像の感情価評定に及ぼす影響

Brain and autonomic association accompanying stochastic decision-making. Reviewed

Ohira, H., Ichikawa, N., Nomura, M., Isowa, T., Kimura, K., Kanayama, N.,Fukuyama, S., Shinoda, J., & Yamada, J.

NeuroImage Vol. 49 page： 1024-1037 2010

The positive side of psychopathy: Emotional detachment in psychopathy and rational decision-making in the ultimatum game. Reviewed

Osumi, T., & Ohira, H.

Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 49 page： 451-456 2010

The somatic marker revisited: brain and body in emotional decision making. Reviewed

Ohira, H.

Emotion Review Vol. 2 page： 245-249 2010

Self-knowledge reduces conflict by biasing one of plural possible answers. Reviewed

Nakao, T., Mitsumoto, M., Nashiwa,H., Takamura,M., Tokunaga, S.,Miyatani,M., Ohira, H., Katayama, K., Okamoto, A., & Watanabe, Y.

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Vol. 36 page： 455-469 2010

EEG Evidence of Face-specific Visual Self-Representation. Reviewed

Miyakoshi, M., Kanayama, N., Iidaka, T., Ohira, H.

NeuroImage Vol. 50 page： 1666-1675 2010

Medial prefrontal cortex - dorsal anterior cingulate cortex connectivity during behavior selection without an objective correct answer. Reviewed

Nakao, T., Osumi, T., Ohira, H., Kasuya, Y., Shinoda, J., Yamada, J., & Northoff, G.

Neuroscience Letters ( 482 ) page： 220-224 2010

飯田沙依亜, 中尾敬, 太平英樹

感情心理学研究 Vol. 17 ( 3 ) page： 221 2010

Introduction of the special issue: Social Neuroscience

OHIRA Hideki

Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology Vol. 28 ( 1 ) page： 1 - 4 2010

Neural basis of adaptation to social environment

OSUMI Takahiro, OHIRA Hideki

Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology Vol. 28 ( 1 ) page： 57 - 66 2010

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society for Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology

Neural basis of adaptation to social environment Remarkable upgrading of neuroscience has provided useful methods and knowledge in order to understand neurophysiological grounds of theories in social science. Previous studies focusing on the social exchange theory have revealed that social preference for altruistic behavior or norm compliance stems from brain regions related with reward prediction or risk evaluation, which suggests that a basic biological mechanism of adaptive behaviors applies to the case of social behaviors. According to this background, the current review summarizes empirical findings that have shown neural basis of social behaviors in humans and discuss its adaptive roles from a perspective of evolutional theory. Especially, we focus on reciprocal exchanges with others as a source of social behaviors acquired by the adaptive mechanism of brain.

DOI： 10.5674/jjppp.28.57

Decision making and the medial prefrontal cortex function in social context

NAKAO Takashi, OHIRA Hideki, NORTHOFF Georg

Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology Vol. 28 ( 1 ) page： 45 - 55 2010

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society for Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology

Most experimental studies of decision making have specifically examined situations in which one correct answer exists, which is either high- or low-predictable. Low predictability of the outcome, as for instance manipulated by probability or social context, has been described psychologically by the concept of uncertainty. Nevertheless, unlike the cases described above, there are instances of decision making for which there is no correct answer at all. In this manuscript, we present a review and comparison of decision making studies with and without a correct answer with regard to their recruitment of various regions within the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). Our findings demonstrate neural overlap between decision making with a low-predictable correct answer and decision making without a correct answer, especially in the dorsomedial part of the MPFC. The results raise several questions about the concept of uncertainty and the function of the MPFC.

DOI： 10.5674/jjppp.28.45

A dark side of the human mind: Affective dysfunction as a function of psychopathy

Osumi Takahiro, Ohira Hideki

JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS Vol. 18 ( 1 ) page： 2 - 14 2010

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

This review summarizes empirical findings that have shown affective deficits of psychopathy. Previous studies have accounted for a failure of moral socialization in individuals with psychopathy in terms of low levels of fearfulness and empathy that may lead to an attenuated ability to inhibit deviant behaviors in response to punishments and distress cues from others. Both low-fear and low-empathy hypotheses have implied that a neural basis of psychopathy is a dysfunction of amygdala, a brain region of the center in affective processing. However, the affective dysfunction of psychopathy can also be associated with adaptive behaviors to maximize gains and minimize losses in some situations. Hence, we propose that psychopathy is one side of humans to shape a selfish strategy if necessary.

DOI： 10.4092/jsre.18.2

Editorial

Ohira Hideki

THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS Vol. 17 ( 3 ) page： 189 - 189 2010

心の闇の側面 -サイコパシーにおける感情の機能低下 Reviewed

大隅尚広, 大平英樹

感情心理学研究 Vol. 18 page： 2 - 14 2010

マインドフル・ブレイン

村上裕樹, 中尾敬, 大平英樹

感情心理学研究 Vol. 17 ( 3 ) page： 218 - 218 2010

不快感情の抑制に認知課題が及ぼす影響(日本基礎心理学会第28回大会,大会発表要旨)

飯田沙依亜, 大平英樹

基礎心理学研究 Vol. 28 ( 2 ) page： 283 2010

THREE INDEPENDENT COMPONENT CLUSTERS OF THE FEEDBACK RELATED NEGATIVITY

Bai Yu, Ohira Hideki

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 47 page： S76 - S76 2010

The somatic marker revisited: brain and body in emotional decision making. Reviewed

Ohira, H

Emotion Review Vol. 2 page： 245-249 2010

Effects of countermeasures on P300-based guilty knowledge test

Hamamoto Yuki, Hira Shinji, Ohira Hideki

Journal of Human Environmental Studies Vol. 8 ( 1 ) page： 33 - 38 2010

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Society for Human Environmental Studies

This study examined effects of physical and mental countermeasures on the P300-based guilty knowledge test (GKT). Twenty participants were required to choose on out of five cards, to record it number, and put the card in an envelope to be handed to an experimenter. The number on the all cards was 6 for the all participant. In the GKT, participants were presented one target, one probe, and four irrelevant stimuli in the random order. A probe stimulus is the chosen card that only the participants would know, while irrelevant and target stimuli are not the chosen cards. Participants were required to push a right button as quickly and accuracy as possible when the target stimulus was presented on the computer display, and to push a left button as quickly and accuracy as possible when probe and irrelevant stimulus were presented on the computer display. In addition, all participants were instructed to conduct one of 2 types of countermeasures. In a physical countermeasure condition, participants were instructed to up the ankle when stimuli are presented. In a mental countermeasure, participants were instructed to count backward in silent by sevens from 200 during the experiment. The order of the two types of countermeasures was counterbalanced for each participant. In both the conditions, amplitudes of P300 were larger for the target stimuli than the probe and irrelevant stimuli but were not different between the probe and irrelevant stimuli. Peak amplitudes of P300 for the target stimuli did not differ between in the physical countermeasure condition and in the mental countermeasure condition. The physical and the mental countermeasures reduced the accuracy of the P300-based GKT. Thus both the countermeasures were equally effective. These results clearly demonstrated that the P300-based GKT has no special immunity to the countermeasures.

DOI： 10.4189/shes.8.33

EFFECTS OF RECALL FACILITATION ON MEMORY INTERFERNCE BETWEEN TWO MOCK CRIMES

Inhibitory effect of central oxytocin on acceleration of colonic motility induced by water-avoidance stress in rats

Masahiro Matsunaga, Masashi Yoneda, Kunio Kasugai, Hideki Ohira, Hirohito Tsuboi, Hiroshi Kaneko

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH Vol. 68 ( Suppl 1 ) page： E395 - E395 2010

Hamamoto, Y; Hira, S; Ohira, H

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 47 page： S63 - S63 2010

EEG Evidence of Face-specific Visual Self-Representation. Reviewed

Miyakoshi, M, Kanayama, N, Iidaka, T, Ohira, H

NeuroImage Vol. 50 page： 1666-1675 2010

CARDIAC RESPONSES PREDICTING DECISION-MAKING IN SOCIALLY THREATENING SITUATIONS

Takahiro Osumi, Hideki Ohira

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 47 page： S69 - S69 2010

Influence of attention to somatic information on emotional and autonomic responses

Murakami H., Ohira H., Matsunaga M., Kimura K.

Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 108 ( 2 ) page： 531 - 539 2009.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Perceptual and Motor Skills

The present study aimed to investigate the dissociable effects of two forms of self-focus on emotional and autonomic responses. One form is suppression, which includes the suppression of heart rate and self-evaluation of performance. The other is observation, which includes attention to one's own heart rate with no suppression and no evaluation. 26 undergraduate and graduate students from the Nagoya University campus (13 men, 13 women), ages 18 to 24 years (M = 20.7, SD=1.6) were recruited. Participants were provided with their own heart rate as feedback for 5 min., during which participants conducted a self-focus manipulation. Several days after the experimental session for one condition, the same participants conducted another experimental session for the other condition. Instruction to suppress enhanced physiological arousal and subsequent negative emotions; however, instruction to observe did not increase physiological arousal or negative emotions. © Perceptual and Motor Skills 2009.

DOI： 10.2466/PMS.108.2.531-539

Polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene modulates brain and physiological responses to acute stress in Japanese men

P2-13 サイコパシー特性による意思決定方略の変容 : 報酬獲得のための合理的・非合理的リスクに関する検討

大隅尚広, 大平英樹

日本パーソナリティ心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 18 ( 18 ) page： 152 - 153 2009.11

Reduced recollective memory about negative items in high trait anxiety individuals: an ERP study. Reviewed

Inaba M, Ohira H.

International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol. 74 ( 2 ) page： 106-113 2009.11

Reduced recollective memory about negative items in high trait anxiety individuals: an ERP study. Reviewed

Inaba M, Ohira H

International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol. 74 ( 2 ) page： 106-113 2009.11

Ohira H., Matsunaga M., Isowa T., Nomura M., Ichikawa N., Kimura K., Kanayama N., Murakami H., Osumi T., Konagaya T., Nogimori T., Fukuyama S., Shinoda J., Yamada J.

Stress Vol. 12 ( 6 ) page： 533 - 543 2009.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Stress

A short (S) variant, compared to a long (L) variant, of the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5HTTLPR) has been related to emotional hyper-reactivity. We tested whether the 5HTTLPR could modulate acute stress responses in the brain and, the cardiovascular and neuroendocrine systems. Ten Japanese male participants carrying double copies of the S alleles and 10 Japanese males carrying S and L alleles conducted a mental arithmetic task, and their regional cerebral blood flow by 15O positron emission tomography and cardiovascular and neuroendocrine parameters were measured. During the acute stress task, the participants with the SS alleles showed stronger reactivity in blood pressure and secretion of epinephrine, compared to the participants with the SL and LL alleles. Furthermore, the SS carriers showed greater activation in stress-related brain regions such as the hypothalamus, cerebellum, midbrain, and pulvinar compared to the SL and LL carriers during the acute stress task. The present findings indicated that the S allele of the 5HTTLPR is associated with greater brain and physiological reactivity to acute stress in Japanese men. © 2009 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.

DOI： 10.3109/10253890902787826

Reduced recollective memory about negative items in high trait anxiety individuals: An ERP study

Polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene modulates brain and physiological responses to acute stress in Japanese men.

Ohira H, Matsunaga M, Isowa T, Nomura M, Ichikawa N, Kimura K, Kanayama N, Murakami H, Osumi T, Konagaya T, Nogimori T, Fukuyama S, Shinoda J, Yamada J

Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Vol. 12 ( 6 ) page： 533 - 43 2009.11

Midori Inaba, Hideki Ohira

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 74 ( 2 ) page： 106 - 113 2009.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

The present study investigated whether trait anxiety reduce the contribution of episodic retrieval to recognizing negative words. Behavioral and electrophysiological responses in anxious individuals were measured during an exclusion recognition task to compare with a previous report about control participants (Inaba et al., 2007). At test, participants were asked to respond "old" when an item had been included in a target study list. According to the process-dissociation framework, the difference in the waveforms for the "old" responses between target and non-target items is considered to be a measurement of recollection. It was shown to be the difference in the slow waves. As with the behavioral estimate of recollection, the difference in the slow waves at left-parietail area was smaller for negative items compared to other items in the anxiety group. This result was in contrast to a greater difference in the slow positivity for negative words in the control group. These findings suggest that excess old judgments for negative items in the anxious group might be associated with less recollective memory. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.08.001

Cardiac responses predict decisions: An investigation of the relation between orienting response and decisions in the ultimatum game

Cardiac responses predict decisions: an investigation of the relation between orienting response and decisions in the ultimatum game Reviewed

Osumi T, Ohira H.

International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol. 74 ( 1 ) page： 74-79 2009.10

Profiling of serum proteins influenced by warm partner contact in healthy couples Reviewed

Matsunaga M, Sato S, Isowa T, Tsuboi H, Konagaya T, Kaneko H, Ohira H.

Neuro Endocrinol Lett Vol. 30 ( 2 ) page： 227-236 2009.10

Takahiro Osumi, Hideki Ohira

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 74 ( 1 ) page： 74 - 79 2009.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Emotion-based behaviors in humans cannot be fully explained by economic rationality. Particularly, in the ultimatum game, which incorporates conflict between self-interest and fairness, negative emotions evoked by an unfair offer seem to promote an economically irrational decision. In accordance with this suggestion, the previous studies have reported that physiological arousal is associated with rejecting unfair offers. In the present study, we investigated electrocardiogram and electrodermal activities in individuals which received fair, advantageously unfair, and disadvantageously unfair offers to specify the relations of the orienting and the defensive responses with these offers and with the decisions to accept and reject them. The results indicated that when an offer that would be rejected was presented, heart rate initially decelerated more than when an offer that would be accepted was presented. Additionally, there was a linear relationship between the deceleration and unfairness of offers. On the other hand, such different patterns were not seen in late cardiac acceleration or electrodermal response. The results suggest that because of perception of disadvantage and unpleasantness in a social context, the orienting response is evoked when an offer will be rejected. In addition, these results are discussed regarding the effect of the autonomic activity in decision-making. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.07.007

Association of polymorphism in the human μ-opioid receptor OPRM1 gene with proinflammatory cytokine levels and health perception

Matsunaga, M; Isowa, T; Murakami, H; Kasugai, K; Yoneda, M; Kaneko, H; Ohira, H

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY Vol. 23 ( 7 ) page： 931 - 935 2009.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

Recent studies in psychoneuroimmunology have indicated that proinflammatory cytokines cause several diseases and behaviors that overlap symptomatically with depression. It is known that the endogenous opioid peptide β-endorphin regulates proinflammatory cytokine secretion from peripheral immune cells via μ-opioid receptor-dependent mechanisms. Therefore, it is possible that the functional polymorphism of the μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1, SNP: A118G) influences peripheral circulating proinflammatory cytokine levels and the health-related quality of life (QOL) even in healthy populations. In this study, we compared the serum concentrations of several proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)) and the health-related QOL between OPRM1 genotypes. Interestingly, serum concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were significantly lower and the general health score was significantly higher in carriers of the G allele, who show a strong binding of β-endorphin to the μ-opioid receptor as compared to individuals without the G allele. Correlation analysis indicated that the general health score was negatively correlated with the IL-6 serum concentration. These results suggest that the sensitive endogenous opioid system in carriers of the G allele may suppress proinflammatory cytokine secretion from peripheral immune cells; consequently, it may influence the health perception. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.03.007

Profiling of serum proteins influenced by warm partner contact in healthy couples

Cardiac responses predict decisions: an investigation of the relation between orienting response and decisions in the ultimatum game Reviewed

Osumi T, Ohira H

International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol. 74 ( 1 ) page： 74-79 2009.10

Cardiac responses predict decisions: an investigation of the relation between orienting response and decisions in the ultimatum game Reviewed

Osumi T, Ohira H

International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol. 74 ( 1 ) page： 74-79 2009.10

Matsunaga M., Sato S., Isowa T., Tsuboi H., Konagaya T., Kaneko H., Ohira H.

Neuroendocrinology Letters Vol. 30 ( 2 ) page： 227 - 236 2009.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Neuroendocrinology Letters

OBJECTIVES: Warm physical contact may positively influence our health and well-being; however, it has not been investigated yet whether serum proteins are influenced by warm physical contact in healthy couples. In this study, we focused on psychological and physiological effects of warm partner contact in healthy couples. METHODS: When participants freely kissed and hugged their romantic partners, they were asked to subjectively evaluate their present emotions. Furthermore, changes of serum proteins were determined by using ProteinChip surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). We characterized these proteins by using biochemical techniques combined with gel filtration high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), reverse-phase HPLC, and sequencing analyses. RESULTS: Romantic couples became happier and less irritated after kissing and hugging. Accompanying these psychological changes, SELDI-TOF-MS indicated that the intensities of 66-k Da, 11.7-k Da, and 5.9-k Da serum proteins were increased. These proteins were identified as serum albumin and β2- microglobulin, and probably fibrinogen fragment. The feeling of happiness positively correlated and the feeling of irritation negatively correlated with intensities of serum albumin and β2-microglobulin. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that psychological stress may be reduced and we may feel happiness when we kiss and hug a romantic partner. Furthermore, these results also suggest that warm partner contact influences peripheral circulating proteins, more importantly, may promote health and well-being. Copyright © 2009 Neuroendocrinology Letters.

Transient responses of inflammatory cytokines in acute stress

Yamakawa Kaori, Matsunaga Masahiro, Isowa Tokiko, Kimura Kenta, Kasugai Kunio, Yoneda Masashi, Kaneko Hiroshi, Ohira Hideki

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 82 ( 1 ) page： 25 - 32 2009.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Biological Psychology

It has been demonstrated that concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are elevated by acute stress. Although several studies confirmed robust changes in IL-6, how acute stress affects other cytokines was less clear. Therefore, the present study simultaneously examined the effects of acute stress on several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Sixteen male participants were given the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Blood samples were collected at baseline, immediately after, and 30, 60, and 90 min after the TSST. IL-1β significantly increased immediately after the TSST and returned to the baseline level after 30 min. Additionally, this elevation of IL-1β was correlated with the perceived intensity of stress. These results showed that the concentration of IL-1β is rapidly regulated, and that elevation of the IL-1β level could possibly be attributed to transient mobilization of monocytes caused by sympathetic nervous activation. Moreover, a transient increase of IL-1β might be conveyed to the brain and play a role in forming negative emotional states. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.05.001

Regulation of natural killer cell redistribution by prefrontal cortex during stochastic learning

THE STRUCTURE OF THE MINDFUL BRAIN

Murakami Hiroki, Nakao Takashi, Matsunaga Masahiro, Kasuya Yukinori, Shinoda Jun, Yamada Jitsuhiro, Ohira Hideki

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 46 page： S41 - S41 2009.9

Ohira Hideki, Fukuyama Seisuke, Kimura Kenta, Nomura Michio, Isowa Tokiko, Ichikawa Nacho, Matsunaga Masahiro, Shinoda Jun, Yamada Jitsuhiro

NEUROIMAGE Vol. 47 ( 3 ) page： 897 - 907 2009.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：NeuroImage

Acute stress elicits redistribution of lymphocyte subsets, especially natural killer (NK) cells, probably for preparatory defense against potential invasion of antigens in fight-flight situations. We previously reported that regulation of lymphocyte redistribution is based on the evaluation of the controllability of a stressor (Kimura, K., Ohira, H., Isowa, T., Matsunaga, M., Murashima, S. 2007. Regulation of lymphocytes redistribution via autonomic nervous activity during stochastic learning. Brain Behav. Immun. 21, 921-934; Ohira, H., Isowa, T., Nomura, M., Ichikawa, N., Kimura, K., Miyakoshi, M., Iidaka, T., Fukuyama, S., Nakajima, T., Yamada, J. 2008. Imaging brain and immune association accompanying cognitive appraisal of an acute stressor. Neuroimage 39, 500-514). Specifially, lymphocyte redistribution is somewhat attenuated when a stressor is uncontrollable, probably to save biological energy in a situation where appropriate coping is unclear. We infer that this phenomenon might reflect top-down regulation over peripheral immune function by higher-ordered brain regions. To investigate the neural basis of such a phenomenon, we simultaneously recorded regional cerebral blood flow using 15O-water positron emission tomography and cardiovascular (blood pressure and heart rate), neuroendocrine (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and adrenocorticotropic hormone), and immune (proportions of NK cells and helper T cells in blood) indices in 16 male subjects who performed a stochastic learning task with manipulation of controllability (controllable vs. uncontrollable). Consistent with previous studies, the proportion of peripheral NK cells was attenuated in an uncontrollable stress condition. The dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices were activated in the uncontrollable situation but not in the controllable condition, and additionally, these prefrontal brain regions significantly correlated with the degree of redistribution of NK cells in the uncontrollable condition. The results of the study suggest these brain regions are involved in both evaluation of the controllability of a stressor and regulation of immune function. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.088

ENGAGING IN A COGNITIVE TASK INHIBITS NEGATIVE EMOTION

PREFRONTAL CORTEX MODULATES PERIPHERAL IMMUNE FUNCTION ACCORDING TO CONTROLLABILITY OF ACUTE STRESS

Ohira Hideki, Kimura Kenta, Nomura Michio, Isowa Tokiko, Ichikawa Naho, Matsunaga Masahiro, Fukuyama Seisuke, Shinoda Jun, Yamada Jitsuhiro

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 46 page： S41 - S41 2009.9

PREFRONTAL CORTEX MODULATES PERIPHERAL IMMUNE FUNCTION ACCORDING TO CONTROLLABILITY OF ACUTE STRESS Reviewed

Hideki Ohira, Kenta Kimura, Michio Nomura, Tokiko Isowa, Naho Ichikawa, Masahiro Matsunaga, Seisuke Fukuyama, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 46 page： S41 - S41 2009.9

NEURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR SELECTION WITHOUT AN OBJECTIVE CORRECT ANSWER

Nakao Takashi, Osumi Takahiro, Ohira Hideki, Kasuya Yukinori, Shinoda Jun, Yamada Jitsuhiro

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 46 page： S41 - S41 2009.9

Saea Iida, Hideki Ohira

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 46 page： S53 - S53 2009.9

DUAL DEFICIT IN PSYCHOPATHY: NEURAL CORRELATES OF PSYCHOPATHIC TRAITS WITHIN SOCIAL EXCHANGE

Takahiro Osumi, Takashi Nakao, Hideki Ohira, Yukinori Kasuya, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 46 page： S153 - S154 2009.9

AFFECTIVE PRIMING IN ERP: UNCONSCIOUS AND CONSCIOUS PROCESSING OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONS AND CULTURAL EFFECTS

Kondo, H; Okita, T; Ohira, H

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 46 page： S40 - S41 2009.9

視覚システムは感覚刺激系列内の規則性を自動的に保持する

木村元洋, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 73 ( 0 ) page： 2AM043 - 2AM043 2009.8

精神神経内分泌免疫学におけるサイトカイン

木村健太, 大平英樹, 津田彰, 関山敦生, 山川香織

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 73 ( 0 ) page： WS060 - WS060 2009.8

視-触覚間統合処理の電気生理的基盤の検討

金山範明, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 73 ( 0 ) page： L015 - L015 2009.8

認知課題による不快感情の制御

飯田沙依亜, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 73 ( 0 ) page： 1AM117 - 1AM117 2009.8

不公正な扱いに対する神経活動とサイコパシーの関連

大隅尚広, 中尾敬, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 73 ( 0 ) page： 1AM050 - 1AM050 2009.8

こころと身体の相互作用

村上裕樹, 大平英樹, 松永昌宏, 矢島潤平, 岩永誠

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 73 ( 0 ) page： WS102 - WS102 2009.8

*Polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene modulates brain and physiological responses to acute stress in Japanese men Reviewed

Ohira H, Matsunaga M, Isowa T, Nomura M, Ichikawa N, Kimura K, Kanayama N, Murakami H, Osumi T, Konagaya T, Nogimori T, Fukuyama S, Shinoda J, Yamada J.

Stress Vol. in press. 2009.8

Inhibitory effect of oxytocin on accelerated colonic motility induced by water-avoidance stress in rats

Matsunaga M., Konagaya T., Nogimori T., Yoneda M., Kasugai K., Ohira H., Kaneko H.

NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY Vol. 21 ( 8 ) page： 856 - + 2009.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Neurogastroenterology and Motility

Recent studies have indicated that brain and gut activities are interrelated and exposure to several stressors, such as water-avoidance stress, stimulates the motor function of the gut through corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-signalling pathways in the brain. Central oxytocin is known to attenuate stress responses, including CRF expression in the brain. Here, we examined whether central oxytocin attenuated the acceleration of colonic motility induced by water-avoidance stress. A force transducer was attached to the distal colon of male rat, and the colonic motility and faecal pellet output were recorded while the rats were exposed to water-avoidance stress. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of oxytocin (5, 50 and 500 pmol) and the oxytocin receptor antagonist tocinoic acid (25 μg) were administered before exposure to water-avoidance stress, and the effect of oxytocin on colonic motor function was determined. Centrally administered oxytocin inhibited the accelerated colonic motility induced by water-avoidance stress. The effective dose ranged between 5 and 50 pmol on i.c.v. injection. Oxytocin also decreased the number of CRF-positive cells in the paraventricular nucleus and corticosterone release. The inhibitory effect of oxytocin on accelerated colonic motility was blocked by pretreatment with oxytocin receptor antagonist. Furthermore, centrally administered tocinoic acid enhanced the acceleration of colonic motility. These results suggested that endogenous central oxytocin may contribute to the regulation of colonic function and inhibit the brain CRF-signalling pathways targeting the gut, resulting in the inhibition of stress-induced colonic contractions. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01286.x

Neural bases of behavior selection without an objective correct answer

Neural bases of behavior selection without an objective correct answer

Nakao Takashi, Osumi Takahiro, Ohira Hideki, Kasuya Yukinori, Shinoda Jun, Yamada Jitsuhiro

NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS Vol. 459 ( 1 ) page： 30 - 34 2009.7

Nakao T., Osumi T., Ohira H., Kasuya Y., Shinoda J., Yamada J.

Neuroscience Letters Vol. 459 ( 1 ) page： 30 - 34 2009.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Neuroscience Letters

Life choice (e.g. occupation choice) often includes situations with two or more possible answers. How does the brain respond to such conflict-ridden situations? We investigated whether the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) evaluates the degree of conflict between possible answers. Additionally, we investigated whether the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) or the medial temporal lobe (MTL) has a function in behavior selection with plural possible answers. We used an occupational choice task (e.g. which occupation do you think you could do better?-dancer or chemist) with two possible answers and a word-length task (e.g. which word is longer?-dentist or comedian) that has a correct answer. The conflicts in each task were manipulated. Results showed that the dACC and the MTL were activated when the conflict during occupational choice was large, and that the MPFC and posterior cingulate cortex were activated more in the occupational choice task than in the word-length task. Our results show that the dACC evaluates the degree of conflict between possible answers, and that the MTL, MPFC, and posterior cingulate cortex have a function in behavior selection without an objective correct answer. It is thought that the MTL functions to reduce conflict when a large-conflict is detected in the dACC. Furthermore, the MPFC and posterior cingulate are thought to have a function of biasing any of the plural answers in behavior selection without an objective answer. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.04.056

Neural bases of behavior selection without an objective correct answer. Reviewed

Nakao T, Osumi T, Ohira H, Kasuya Y, Shinoda J, Yamada J.

Neuroscience Letters Vol. 459 ( 1 ) page： 30-34 2009.7

*Brain and autonomic association accompanying stochastic decision-making Reviewed

Ohira H, Ichikawa N, Nomura M, Isowa T, Kimura K, Kanayama N, Fukuyama S, Shinoda J, Yamada J.

Neuroimage Vol. 49 ( 1 ) page： 1024-1037 2009.7

Human Visual System Automatically Encodes Sequential Regularities of Discrete Events Reviewed

Kimura M, Schröger E, Czigler I, Ohira H.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Vol. in press. 2009.7

Neural bases of behavior selection without an objective correct answer Reviewed

Takashi Nakao, Takahiro Osumi, Hideki Ohira, Yukinori Kasuya, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada

NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS Vol. 459 ( 1 ) page： 30 - 34 2009.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD

DOI： 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.04.056

主観的幸福感と急性ストレス負荷時の免疫系の活性化との関連

Human Visual System Automatically Encodes Sequential Regularities of Discrete Events Reviewed

Kimura M, Schr&ouml, ger E, Czigler I, Ohira H

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Vol. in press. 2009.7

*Brain and autonomic association accompanying stochastic decision-making Reviewed

Ohira H, Ichikawa N, Nomura M, Isowa T, Kimura K, Kanayama N, Fukuyama S, Shinoda J, Yamada J

Neuroimage Vol. 49 ( 1 ) page： 1024-1037 2009.7

松永昌宏, 金子宏, 坪井宏仁, 山本紘子, 大平英樹, 山川香織, 磯和勅子

心身医学 Vol. 49 ( 6 ) page： 534 - 534 2009.6

MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND COGNITIVE REGULATION

NAKAO Takashi, TAKEZAWA Tomohiro, MIYATANI Makoto, OHIRA Hideki

PSYCHOLOGIA Vol. 52 ( 2 ) page： 93 - 109 2009.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Psychologia Society

Medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) activation has been observed in studies of many types related to emotion regulation, self and familiar other-knowledge, mentalizing, morality, reward, and uncertainty. Furthermore, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), which have reciprocal connections with MPFC, are considered necessary for cognitive regulation. Based on these findings, Nakao, Takezawa, and Miyatani (2006) proposed an integrative explanation for MPFC function: MPFC has a function of representing a benchmark that reduces conflict among many possible answers by biasing either choice of behavior. In this article, we review studies related to MPFC function and the benchmark hypothesis with recent new findings. Additionally, we discuss emotion regulation, which was not described in Nakao et al. (2006), in relation to the benchmark hypothesis.

DOI： 10.2117/psysoc.2009.93

MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND COGNITIVE REGULATION Reviewed

Takashi Nakao, Tomohiro Takezawa, Makoto Miyatani, Hideki Ohira

PSYCHOLOGIA Vol. 52 ( 2 ) page： 93 - 109 2009.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PSYCHOLOGIA SOC

Molecular analysis of mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 in 394 Japanese individuals

*Regulation of natural killer cell redistribution by prefrontal cortex during stochastic learning. Reviewed

Ohira H, Fukuyama S, Kimura K, Nomura M, Isowa T, Ichikawa N, Matsunaga M, Shinoda J, Yamada J.

Neuroimage Vol. 47 ( 3 ) page： 897-907 2009.5

Transient responses of inflammatory cytokines in acute stress. Reviewed

Yamakawa K, Matsunaga M, Isowa T, Kimura K, Kasugai K, Yoneda M, Kaneko H, Ohira H.

Biological Psychology Vol. 82 page： 25-32 2009.5

Transient responses of inflammatory cytokines in acute stress. Reviewed

Yamakawa K, Matsunaga M, Isowa T, Kimura K, Kasugai K, Yoneda M, Kaneko H, Ohira H

Biological Psychology Vol. 82 page： 25-32 2009.5

*Regulation of natural killer cell redistribution by prefrontal cortex during stochastic learning. Reviewed

Ohira H, Fukuyama S, Kimura K, Nomura M, Isowa T, Ichikawa N, Matsunaga M, Shinoda J, Yamada J

Neuroimage Vol. 47 ( 3 ) page： 897-907 2009.5

Influence of attention to somatic information on emotional and autonomic responses Reviewed

Murakami H, Ohira H, Matsunaga M, Kimura K.

Percepteptual and Motor Skills Vol. 108 ( 2 ) page： 531-539 2009.4

Kato H., Maeno Y., Ohira H., Yamada Y., Nagao M.

Legal Medicine Vol. 11 ( SUPPL. 1 ) 2009.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Legal Medicine

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a powerful tool for forensic casework when the resource is highly putrefied or very limited. It is important that mtDNA sequence databases continue to be generated and published, to extend mtDNA typing capability to additional populations and to increase the size of existing databases. The aim of this study was to analyze hypervariable region 1 (HV1) of mtDNA and establish a new database of mtDNA in Japanese population. Three hundred and ninety-four unrelated Japanese individuals were investigated. They were classified into 193 haplotypes based on HV1 sequence. Nucleotide substitutions were clustered in several positions and were 79% at 16,223, 50% at 16,362, and 29% at 16,189. Transition accounts for 81% of all the mutations and especially transition from cytosine to thymine (33%) was the most frequent substitution. 16,223-16,362 was observed in 34 individuals, following 16,129-16,223-16,362 in 29 individuals, and haplotype 16,223-16,278-16,362 in 14 individuals. Genetic diversity and random match probability in this population were estimated to 0.987% and 1.95%, respectively. In conclusion, HV1 of mitochondria sequence has a high discrimination power, but in addition to HV1, analysis of other region such as HV2 and HV3 are required in certain cases. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.01.069

INFLUENCE OF ATTENTION TO SOMATIC INFORMATION ON EMOTIONAL AND AUTONOMIC RESPONSES

Murakami Hiroki, Ohira Hideki, Matsunaga Masahiro, Kimura Kenta

PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS Vol. 108 ( 2 ) page： 531 - 539 2009.4

INFLUENCE OF ATTENTION TO SOMATIC INFORMATION ON EMOTIONAL AND AUTONOMIC RESPONSES Reviewed

Hiroki Murakami, Hideki Ohira, Masahiro Matsunaga, Kenta Kimura

PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS Vol. 108 ( 2 ) page： 531 - 539 2009.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC

The present study aimed to investigate the dissociable effects of two forms of self-focus on emotional and autonomic responses. One form is Suppression, which includes the suppression of heart rate and self-evaluation of performance. The other is observation, which includes attention to one's own heart rate with no suppression and no evaluation. 26 undergraduate and graduate students from the Nagoya University campus (13 men, 13 women), ages 18 to 24 years (M=20.7, SD=1.6) were recruited. Participants were provided with their own heart rate as feedback for 5 min., during which participants conducted a self-focus manipulation. Several days after the experimental session for one condition, the same participants conducted another experimental session for the other condition. Instruction to suppress enhanced physiological arousal and subsequent negative emotions; however, instruction to observe did not increase physiological arousal or negative emotions.

DOI： 10.2466/PMS.108.2.531-539

Associations among positive mood, brain, and cardiovascular activities in an affectively positive situation

Influence of attention to somatic information on emotional and autonomic responses.

Murakami H, Ohira H, Matsunaga M, Kimura K

Perceptual and motor skills Vol. 108 ( 2 ) page： 531 - 9 2009.4

Associations among positive mood, brain, and cardiovascular activities in an affectively positive situation

Matsunaga Masahiro, Isowa Tokiko, Kimura Kenta, Miyakoshi Makoto, Kanayama Noriaki, Murakami Hiroki, Fukuyama Seisuke, Shinoda Jun, Yamada Jitsuhiro, Konagaya Toshihiro, Kaneko Hiroshi, Ohira Hideki

BRAIN RESEARCH Vol. 1263 page： 93 - 103 2009.3

Matsunaga M., Isowa T., Kimura K., Miyakoshi M., Kanayama N., Murakami H., Fukuyama S., Shinoda J., Yamada J., Konagaya T., Kaneko H., Ohira H.

Brain Research Vol. 1263 page： 93 - 103 2009.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Brain Research

It is hypothesized that experiencing positive emotions such as pleasure leads to a perception of the body being in a positive state. This study demonstrated associations among positive mood, brain, and cardiovascular activities by simultaneously recording these activities when positive emotions were evoked in participants watching films revolving around a love story. Heart rate variability analysis revealed increased parasympathetic nervous activity while watching the film. The following brain regions were significantly activated in the positive condition relative to the control condition: medial prefrontal cortex, thalamus, superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and cerebellum. Further, covariate analyses indicated that these brain regions were temporally associated with subjective positive mood. Activities of brain regions considered to be related to interoceptive awareness, such as the insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex, were also temporally associated with the cardiovascular change. These results suggest that while an individual experiences positive emotions, activities of the central nervous system and cardiovascular system may be interrelated, and the brain may perceive the body to be in a positive state. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.01.027

Association of serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and emotion regulation

Association of serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and emotion regulation.

Murakami H, Matsunaga M, Ohira H

Neuroreport Vol. 20 ( 4 ) page： 414 - 8 2009.3

Murakami H., Matsunaga M., Ohira H.

NeuroReport Vol. 20 ( 4 ) page： 414 - 418 2009.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：NeuroReport

Metacognitive strategies of emotion regulation such as an objective perspective of one's self are known as primary factors in mindfulness intervention. Earlier studies, however, suggest that the effect of mindfulness differs because of the individual variability. In this study, we investigated the influence of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism during the application of a metacognitive strategy of emotion regulation. Short (S) homozygotes showed more negative emotional states than SL individuals in both metacognition and control conditions. The high frequency of heart rate variability, however, increased in the metacognition condition only in S homozygotes. This result indicated that the metacognitive strategy of emotion regulation is more effective for increasing parasympathetic dominance in S homozygotes than in SL individuals. © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health|Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

DOI： 10.1097/WNR.0b013e328325a910

Association of serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and emotion regulation

Murakami Hiroki, Matsunaga Masahiro, Ohira Hideki

NEUROREPORT Vol. 20 ( 4 ) page： 414 - 418 2009.3

Visual mismatch negativity: new evidence from the equiprobable paradigm. Reviewed

Kimura M, Katayama J, Ohira H, Schröger E.

Psychophysiology Vol. 46 ( 2 ) page： 402-409 2009.3

Association of polymorphism in the human mu-opioid receptor OPRM1 gene with proinflammatory cytokine levels and health perception. Reviewed

Matsunaga M, Isowa T, Murakami H, Kasugai K, Yoneda M, Kaneko H, Ohira H.

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Vol. 23 ( 7 ) page： 931-935 2009.3

Associations among positive mood, brain, and cardiovascular activities in an affectively positive situation. Reviewed

Matsunaga M, Isowa T, Kimura K, Miyakoshi M, Kanayama N, Murakami H, Fukuyama S, Shinoda J, Yamada J, Konagaya T, Kaneko H, Ohira H.

Brain Research Vol. 1263 page： 93-103 2009.3

Association of serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and emotion regulation. Reviewed

Murakami H, Matsunaga M, Ohira H.

Neuroreport Vol. 20 ( 4 ) page： 414-418 2009.3

Visual mismatch negativity: new evidence from the equiprobable paradigm.

Kimura M, Katayama J, Ohira H, Schröger E

Psychophysiology Vol. 46 ( 2 ) page： 402 - 9 2009.3

Visual mismatch negativity: New evidence from the equiprobable paradigm

Kimura Motohiro, Katayama Jun'ichi, Ohira Hideki, Schroeger Erich

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 46 ( 2 ) page： 402 - 409 2009.3

Visual mismatch negativity: New evidence from the equiprobable paradigm Reviewed

Motohiro Kimura, Jun'ichi Katayama, Hideki Ohira, Erich Schroeger

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 46 ( 2 ) page： 402 - 409 2009.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC

In visual oddball studies, deviant compared to standard stimuli elicited a posterior negative ERP at around 100-250 ms. To determine the underlying processes of the negativity, we used the equiprobable sequence in which bar stimuli of five types of orientation were presented with equal probabilities (control 20% each) as well as the oddball sequence in which two stimuli with the closest orientation were presented with different probabilities (deviant 20% and standard 80%). Deviant compared to standard stimuli elicited two negativities at around 100-150 ms with no hemispheric dominance and 200-250 ms with right hemispheric dominance, while deviant compared to control stimuli elicited only a negativity at around 200-250 ms with right hemispheric dominance. These results suggest that the early negativity reflects refractory effect, while the late negativity reflects memory-comparison-based change detection effect (visual mismatch negativity).

DOI： 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00767.x

Visual mismatch negativity: New evidence from the equiprobable paradigm

Kimura M., Katayama J., Ohira H., Schröger E.

Psychophysiology Vol. 46 ( 2 ) page： 402 - 409 2009.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Psychophysiology

DOI： 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00767.x

Associations among positive mood, brain, and cardiovascular activities in an affectively positive situation Reviewed

Masahiro Matsunaga, Tokiko Isowa, Kenta Kimura, Makoto Miyakoshi, Noriaki Kanayama, Hiroki Murakami, Seisuke Fukuyama, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada, Toshihiro Konagaya, Hiroshi Kaneko, Hideki Ohira

BRAIN RESEARCH Vol. 1263 page： 93 - 103 2009.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

It is hypothesized that experiencing positive emotions such as pleasure leads to a perception of the body being in a positive state. This study demonstrated associations among positive mood, brain, and cardiovascular activities by simultaneously recording these activities when positive emotions were evoked in participants watching films revolving around a love story. Heart rate variability analysis revealed increased parasympathetic nervous activity while watching the film. The following brain regions were significantly activated in the positive condition relative to the control condition: medial prefrontal. cortex, thalamus, superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and cerebellum. Further, covariate analyses indicated that these brain regions were temporally associated with subjective positive mood. Activities of brain regions considered to be related to interoceptive awareness, such as the insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex, were also temporally associated with the cardiovascular change. These results suggest that while an individual experiences positive emotions, activities of the central nervous system and cardiovascular system may be interrelated, and the brain may perceive the body to be in a positive state. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.01.027

Association of polymorphism in the human mu-opioid receptor OPRM1 gene with proinflammatory cytokine levels and health perception. Reviewed

Matsunaga M, Isowa T, Murakami H, Kasugai K, Yoneda M, Kaneko H, Ohira H

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Vol. 23 ( 7 ) page： 931-935 2009.3

Association of serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and emotion regulation Reviewed

Hiroki Murakami, Masahiro Matsunaga, Hideki Ohira

NEUROREPORT Vol. 20 ( 4 ) page： 414 - 418 2009.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

Metacognitive strategies of emotion regulation such as an objective perspective of one's self are known as primary factors in mindfulness intervention. Earlier studies, however, suggest that the effect of mindfulness differs because of the individual variability. In this study, we investigated the influence of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism during the application of a metacognitive strategy of emotion regulation. Short (S) homozygotes showed more negative emotional states than SL individuals in both metacognition and control conditions. The high frequency of heart rate variability, however, increased in the metacognition condition only in S homozygotes. This result indicated that the metacognitive strategy of emotion regulation is more effective for increasing parasympathetic dominance in S homozygotes than in SL individuals. NeuroReport 20:414-418 (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

DOI： 10.1097/WNR.0b013e328325a910

Multisensory processing and neural oscillatory responses: separation of visuotactile congruency effect and corresponding electroencephalogram activities Reviewed

Noriaki Kanayama, Hideki Ohira

NEUROREPORT Vol. 20 ( 3 ) page： 289 - 293 2009.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

By using electroencephalogram, we aimed at identifying the neural oscillations corresponding to two subcomponents of the visuotactile congruency process, facilitation and interference effects. The participants identified the location of the tactile stimulus presented at their index finger or thumb while ignoring simultaneous visual stimuli presented at the same (congruent) or different (incongruent) finger. Significant differences in reaction time were found between the congruent or incongruent condition and the unimodal baseline condition, indicating two different effects of visuotactile interaction. Electroencephalogram results showed significant increases in the gamma-band response in the congruent condition and in the theta-band response in the incongruent condition. These results suggest two systems of multisensory interaction. NeuroReport 20:289-293 (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

DOI： 10.1097/WNR.0b013e328322ca63

The role of gamma band oscillations and synchrony on rubber hand illusion and crossmodal integration

The role of gamma band oscillations and synchrony on rubber hand illusion and crossmodal integration. Reviewed

Kanayama N, Sato A, Ohira H.

Brain and Cognition Vol. 69 ( 1 ) page： 19-29 2009.2

Multisensory processing and neural oscillatory responses: separation of visuotactile congruency effect and corresponding electroencephalogram activities. Reviewed

Kanayama N, Ohira H.

Neuroreport Vol. 20 ( 3 ) page： 289-293 2009.2

The role of gamma band oscillations and synchrony on rubber hand illusion and crossmodal integration. Reviewed

Kanayama N, Sato A, Ohira H

Brain and Cognition Vol. 69 ( 1 ) page： 19-29 2009.2

Noriaki Kanayama, Atsushi Sato, Hideki Ohira

BRAIN AND COGNITION Vol. 69 ( 1 ) page： 19 - 29 2009.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

The rubber hand illusion represents all illusory experience during the mislocalization of own hand when correlated visuotactile stimuli are presented to the actual and fake hands. The visuotactile integration process appears to cause this illusion; the corresponding brain activity was revealed in many Studies. In this Study, We investigated the effect of the rubber hand illusion on the crossmodal integration process by measuring EEG. The participants who experienced less intensive illusion showed greater Congruency effect on reaction time (RT), greater power increase at the parietal zero electrode (Pz) and smaller interelectrode synchrony of the gamma band activity. On the other hand, the participants who experienced more intense illusion showed greater interelectrode synchrony. The results suggested that the gamma band activity in the parietal area reflects the visuotactile integration process and that its synchrony causes the illusory intensity. Crown copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bandc.2008.05.001

Emotion Regulation: Editorial

Profiling of serum proteins influenced by warm partner contact in healthy couples

Matsunaga Masahiro, Sato Sayaka, Isowa Tokiko, Tsuboi Hirohito, Konagaya Toshihiro, Kaneko Hiroshi, Ohira Hideki

NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS Vol. 30 ( 2 ) page： 227 - 236 2009.2

Cardiac responses predict decisions: An investigation of the relation between orienting response and decisions in the ultimatum game. Reviewed

Osumi, T., & Ohira, H.

International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol. 74 page： 74-79. 2009

Editorial for the Special Issue: Neuroscience on Emotion. Reviewed

Ohira, H.

Psychologia Vol. 52 page： 91-92 2009

Medial prefrontalcortex and cognitive regulation. Reviewed

Nakao, T., Takezawa, T., Miyatani, M., & Ohira, H.

Psychologia Vol. 52 page： 93-109 2009

Ohira Hideki, Yogo Masao

THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS Vol. 17 ( 1 ) page： 1 - 2 2009

The effects of an individual difference in executive attention on suppression function of behavior and thought

Murakami Hiroki, Tamae Hamamoto, Ohira Hideki

JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS Vol. 17 ( 2 ) page： 143 - 147 2009

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

The present study investigated the association between individual differences in executive attention and the suppression of behavior and thought by measuring Effortful Control (EC). A negative association between EC and the commission of errors in the Go/No-go task, and thought intrusion in the thought suppression task were found, which indicated that the lower EC score an individual has, the worse performance he showed in each task. A low performance in the Go/No-go task suggested that an individual with a low EC would show hyperactivity in the anterior cingulate gyrus, and malfunction in the orbitofrontal cortex. Additionally, the result in the thought suppression task in this study revealed that measuring EC could predict the frequency of thought intrusion.

DOI： 10.4092/jsre.17.143

Profiling of serum proteins associated with subjective happiness

Matsunaga Masahiro, Isowa Tokiko, Tsuboi Hirohito, Kawanishi Yoko, Yoneda Masashi, Kasugai Kunio, Ohira Hideki, Kaneko Hiroshi

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH Vol. 65 page： S187 - S187 2009

Polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene modulates brain and physiological responses to acute stress in Japanese men

Ohira Hideki, Matsunaga Masahiro, Isowa Tokiko, Nomura Michio, Ichikawa Naho, Kimura Kenta, Kanayama Noriaki, Murakami Hiroki, Osumi Takahiro, Konagaya Toshihiro, Nogimori Tsuyoshi, Fukuyama Seisuke, Shinoda Jun, Yamada Jitsuhiro

STRESS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON THE BIOLOGY OF STRESS Vol. 12 ( 6 ) page： 533 - 543 2009

Polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene modulates brain and physiological responses to acute stress in Japanese men Reviewed

Hideki Ohira, Masahiro Matsunaga, Tokiko Isowa, Michio Nomura, Naho Ichikawa, Kenta Kimura, Noriaki Kanayama, Hiroki Murakami, Takahiro Osumi, Toshihiro Konagaya, Tsuyoshi Nogimori, Seisuke Fukuyama, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada

STRESS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON THE BIOLOGY OF STRESS Vol. 12 ( 6 ) page： 533 - 543 2009

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD

A short (S) variant, compared to a long (L) variant, of the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5HTTLPR) has been related to emotional hyper-reactivity. We tested whether the 5HTTLPR could modulate acute stress responses in the brain and, the cardiovascular and neuroendocrine systems. Ten Japanese male participants carrying double copies of the S alleles and 10 Japanese males carrying S and L alleles conducted a mental arithmetic task, and their regional cerebral blood flow by <SU15</SUO positron emission tomography and cardiovascular and neuroendocrine parameters were measured. During the acute stress task, the participants with the SS alleles showed stronger reactivity in blood pressure and secretion of epinephrine, compared to the participants with the SL and LL alleles. Furthermore, the SS carriers showed greater activation in stress-related brain regions such as the hypothalamus, cerebellum, midbrain, and pulvinar compared to the SL and LL carriers during the acute stress task. The present findings indicated that the S allele of the 5HTTLPR is associated with greater brain and physiological reactivity to acute stress in Japanese men.</.

DOI： 10.3109/10253890902787826

Gray matter volume in the right insula is associated with mindfulness tendency

Hiroki Murakami, Takashi Nakao, Masahiro Matsunaga, Hideki Ohira

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH Vol. 65 page： S226 - S226 2009

Focusing on somatic states to regulate emotion andgenetic modulation. Reviewed

Murakami, H, Matsunaga, M, Ichikawa,N, Ohira, H

The Japanese Journal of Research on Emotions Vol. 174 ( 1 ) page： 19 - 27 2009

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

Two types of focusing strategies on body information have been proposed. One is maladaptive focusing, involving suppressing one's own body sensations and evaluating one's own performance, and the other is adaptive, involving focusing on one's own body sensations without suppressing or evaluating them. The present study revealed that the maladaptive focusing strategy decreased parasympathetic activity and enhanced following negative emotion. Additionally, we investigated the influence of a serotonin transporter gene polymorphism on the two types of emotion regulation. As a result, participants with SS alleles of the serotonin transporter gene showed more negative emotions in the maladaptive than in the adaptive focusing manipulation associated with reducing parasympathetic activity. In contrast, although participants with L alleles showed reduced parasympathetic activity in the maladaptive condition, no such differences were observed in subjective emotions between the conditions. These results are consistent with the evidence of greater emotion regulation ability in individuals with L alleles compared to those with S alleles.

DOI： 10.4092/jsre.17.19

Editorial for the Special Issue:Neuroscience on Emotion

Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00341634612?from=CiNii

OHIRA Hideki

PSYCHOLOGIA Vol. 52 ( 2 ) page： 91 - 92 2009

EFFECT OF THE RELIEF FROM CHRONIC STRESS DURING GRADUATION EXAMINATION ON SALIVARY BIOMARKERS

NOMURA Shusaku, OHIRA Hideki, KAMEI Tsutomu

Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering Vol. 8 ( 3 ) page： 481 - 487 2009

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Kansei Engineering

The change in hormonal and immune state of university male students who were engaged in his graduation examination was investigated as a behavioral medicine study targeting on chronic stress. With regard to biomarkers of human hormonal and immune state, salivary secretory substances, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Cortisol, Chromogranin (CgA), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), were assayed about a week before and 2 weeks after the day of oral defense of the graduation examination for 20 male students. As a result, the salivary immune substance, IgA, significantly decreased (p<0.001), while other biomarkers showed no significant change. In conclusion, it was suggested that IgA can be a promising candidate for a chronic stress marker.

DOI： 10.5057/jjske.8.481

CENTRAL OXYTOCIN ATTENUATED THE ACCELERATION OF COLONIC MOTILITY INDUCED BY WATER-AVOIDANCE STRESS IN RATS

Masahiro Matsunaga, Toshihiro Konagaya, Masashi Yoneda, Kunio Kasugai, Hideki Ohira, Hirohito Tsuboi, Hiroshi Kaneko

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol. 59 page： 346 - 346 2009

Affective Neuroscience for Psychologists 9

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 73 ( 0 ) page： WS003 - WS003 2009

08-008 主観的幸福感と急性ストレス負荷時の免疫系の活性化との関連(精神生理,脳生理,神経科学2,一般演題(ポスター発表),近未来医療を担う心身医学,第1回日本心身医学5学会合同集会)

松永昌宏, 金子宏, 坪井宏仁, 山本紘子, 大平英樹, 山川香織, 磯和勅子

心身医学 Vol. 49 ( 6 ) page： 534 2009

Motohiro Kimura, Jun'ichi Katayama, Hideki Ohira

NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS Vol. 448 ( 3 ) page： 236 - 239 2008.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD

Change blindness studies using explicit behavioral measures have revealed that humans are remarkably poor at explicitly detecting changes between two successive visual images until focused attention is drawn to the changes, which supports the notion that outside the range of focused attention, out mental representations of the visual world are so volatile as to be unable to support detection of changes. However, change blindness studies using implicit behavioral measures have revealed that changes outside the range of focused attention might be detected even in the absence of awareness, which supports the possibility that our mental representations are not so volatile as has been suggested. The purpose of the present Study was to provide further evidence for implicit change detection using event-related brain potentials (ERPs). For this purpose, we compared ERPs elicited on trials where color changes were present but participants failed to report the presence of changes (Change blindness trials) and ERPs on trials where changes were absent and participants correctly did not report the presence of changes (No-change trials). The result showed that compared to No-change trials, Change blindness trials elicited a frontal/central positivity at around 160-180 ms, which is highly consistent with the result of Fernandez-Duque et al. [D. Fernandez-Duque,, G. Grossi. I.M. Thornton, H.J. Neville. Representation of change: separate electrophysiolocal markers of attention, awareness, and implicit processing, J. Cogn. Neurosci. 15 (2003) 491-507] who firstly reported an ERP correlate of implicit change detection. This result provides further evidence for implicit change detection, which supports the notion that even outside the range of focused attention, our mental representations of the visual world are robust at least enough to support implicit detection of changes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.10.064

Event-related brain potential evidence for implicit change detection: a replication of Fernandez-Duque et al. (2003). Reviewed

Kimura M, Katayama J, Ohira H.

Neuroscience Letters Vol. 448 ( 3 ) page： 236-239 2008.12

P2-13 サイコパシー特性が不公正に対する感受性に及ぼす影響 : 最後通牒ゲームを用いた検討(ポスター発表)

大隅尚広, 大平英樹

日本パーソナリティ心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 17 ( 17 ) page： 112 - 113 2008.11

The temporal redistribution pattern of NK cells under acute stress based on CD62L adhesion molecule expression. Reviewed

Vol. 70 ( 1 ) page： 63-69 2008.10

The temporal redistribution pattern of NK cells under acute stress based on CD62L adhesion molecule expression.

Kimura K, Isowa T, Matsunaga M, Murashima S, Ohira H

International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology Vol. 70 ( 1 ) page： 63 - 9 2008.10

The temporal redistribution pattern of NK cells under acute stress based on CD62L adhesion molecule expression

Kimura Kenta, Isowa Tokiko, Matsunaga Masahiro, Murashima Seikou, Ohira Hideki

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 70 ( 1 ) page： 63 - 69 2008.10

The temporal redistribution pattern of NK cells under acute stress based on CD62L adhesion molecule expression Reviewed

Kenta Kimura, Tokiko Isowa, Masahiro Matsunaga, Seikou Murashima, Hideki Ohira

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 70 ( 1 ) page： 63 - 69 2008.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Recent studies demonstrated that an acute psychological stressor elicited transient changes in lymphocyte redistribution. Earlier studies had established that CD3-CD16+CD56+ natural killer cells (NK cells) increased remarkably in peripheral blood circulation and that the amount of lymphocyte redistribution in NK cells was dependent on the CD62L expression density.
Specifically, CD62L- cells were mobilized more pronouncedly than were CD62L+ cells. These results led us to hypothesize that such different reactivity causes different temporal characteristics between CD62L+ and CD62L- lymphocyte subsets.
The present study was conducted to examine this issue. Ten female participants experienced a 10-minute baseline period and performed a 10-minute mental arithmetic task as an acute psychological stressor. Blood samples for measuring the proportions of CD62L+ or CD62L- NK cells and CD62L+ or CD62L- T cells were obtained immediately after each period and every 2 min during the task. As expected, CD62L+ and CD62L- NK cells showed different reactivity in response to the stressor and showed different temporal characteristics. That is, the elevation of CD62L- NK cells reached a significant level at I min after the initiation of the stressor, while CD62L+ NK cells took 8 min to show a tendency of elevation. Although CD3+ T cells showed different reactivity between CD62L cell types, they did not show different temporal characteristics. These findings suggest that the expression of CD62L modulates not only the amount of redistribution but also the temporal characteristics of the redistribution of NK cells. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.580

The temporal redistribution pattern of NK cells under acute stress based on CD62L adhesion molecule expression

Kimura K., Isowa T., Matsunaga M., Murashima S., Ohira H.

International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol. 70 ( 1 ) page： 63 - 69 2008.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：International Journal of Psychophysiology

Recent studies demonstrated that an acute psychological stressor elicited transient changes in lymphocyte redistribution. Earlier studies had established that CD3-CD16+CD56+ natural killer cells (NK cells) increased remarkably in peripheral blood circulation and that the amount of lymphocyte redistribution in NK cells was dependent on the CD62L expression density. Specifically, CD62L- cells were mobilized more pronouncedly than were CD62L+ cells. These results led us to hypothesize that such different reactivity causes different temporal characteristics between CD62L+ and CD62L- lymphocyte subsets. The present study was conducted to examine this issue. Ten female participants experienced a 10-minute baseline period and performed a 10-minute mental arithmetic task as an acute psychological stressor. Blood samples for measuring the proportions of CD62L+ or CD62L- NK cells and CD62L+ or CD62L- T cells were obtained immediately after each period and every 2 min during the task. As expected, CD62L+ and CD62L- NK cells showed different reactivity in response to the stressor and showed different temporal characteristics. That is, the elevation of CD62L- NK cells reached a significant level at 1 min after the initiation of the stressor, while CD62L+ NK cells took 8 min to show a tendency of elevation. Although CD3+ T cells showed different reactivity between CD62L cell types, they did not show different temporal characteristics. These findings suggest that the expression of CD62L modulates not only the amount of redistribution but also the temporal characteristics of the redistribution of NK cells. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.580

精神神経内分泌免疫学におけるナチュラル・キラー（NK）細胞

脳波を指標とした自己関連認知の右脳優位性の検討

宮腰誠, 金山範明, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 72 ( 0 ) page： 1PM081 - 1PM081 2008.9

潜在的変化検出は存在するか？

木村元洋, 片山順一, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 72 ( 0 ) page： 1PM086 - 1PM086 2008.9

独立成分分析を用いたエラー関連脳波成分の検討

白宇, 松本敦, 木村元洋, 宮腰誠, 金山範明, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 72 ( 0 ) page： 1PM072 - 1PM072 2008.9

瞬目研究の新たな展開（１）

田中裕, 山田冨美雄, 福田恭介, 宇津木成介, 大平英樹, 田中邦彦, 林恵津子, 田多英興, 加藤るみ子, 大森慈子, 廣中直行

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 72 ( 0 ) page： WS027 - WS027 2008.9

磯和勅子, 大平英樹, 木村健太, 宮崎隆穂, 松永昌宏, 寺尾恵治

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 72 ( 0 ) page： WS123 - WS123 2008.9

挑戦的状況における免疫系調節

木村健太, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 72 ( 0 ) page： L33 - L33 2008.9

報酬の獲得におけるリスク選好とサイコパシー傾向の関係

大隅尚広, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 72 ( 0 ) page： 3EV147 - 3EV147 2008.9

感情・思考の抑制と開示（3）

余語真夫, 佐藤健二, 湯川進太郎, 大平英樹, 河野和明, 齊藤智

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 72 ( 0 ) page： WS051 - WS051 2008.9

認知課題による不快感情の制御

飯田沙依亜, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 72 ( 0 ) page： 1PM154 - 1PM154 2008.9

セロトニン・トランスポーター遺伝子多型が感情制御過程に及ぼす影響

村上裕樹, 松永昌宏, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 72 ( 0 ) page： 1PM153 - 1PM153 2008.9

「幸せ」の生物学的基盤の検討

松永昌宏, 磯和勅子, 村上裕樹, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 72 ( 0 ) page： 1PM151 - 1PM151 2008.9

Association study between reward dependence temperament and a polymorphism in the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene in a Japanese female population

Yamano, E; Isowa, T; Nakano, Y; Matsuda, F; Hashimoto-Tamaoki, T; Ohira, H; Kosugi, S

COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHIATRY Vol. 49 ( 5 ) page： 503 - 507 2008.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Comprehensive Psychiatry

Cloninger's theory is that specific dimensions of temperament are associated with single neurotransmitter systems, and it is based on neurophysiologic and genetic approaches to the human traits. It suggests that overexpression of temperament could cause psychiatric illness. Based on this theory, we examined the correlation between reward dependence (RD) trait, measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory, and 5 polymorphisms in genes of norepinephrine pathways, ADRB1, COMT, PNMT, SLC18A1, and SLC6A2, in 85 Japanese female nursing students. We found that rs3764351 in PNMT was significantly associated with RD on Fisher's exact test (P = .029, Pcorr = .236). When haplotype analysis was performed for rs3764351 and rs876493 polymorphisms in the 5′ flanking region of PNMT, 3 haplotypes were identified. Rs3764351 itself appeared to be correlated with RD in the present study of a specific population, although we could not demonstrate an association between RD and any of the haplotypes. Our findings have implications for the understanding of temperament using neurophysiologic approaches. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.03.001

Age and species related differences in blink rate

Tada, H; Omori, Y; Sugiyama, T; Hirokawa, K; Ohira, H; Tomonaga, M

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 69 ( 3 ) page： 191 - 192 2008.9

ERP study of viewpoint-independence in familiar-face recognition. Reviewed

Miyakoshi M, Kanayama N, Nomura M, Iidaka T, Ohira H.

International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol. 69 ( 2 ) page： 119-126 2008.8

ERP study of viewpoint-independence in familiar-face recognition. Reviewed International journal

Makoto Miyakoshi, Noriaki Kanayama, Michio Nomura, Tetsuya Iidaka, Hideki Ohira

International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology Vol. 69 ( 2 ) page： 119 - 26 2008.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

While faces are recognized viewpoint-dependently, familiar faces are recognized in a relatively viewpoint-independent manner. We conducted a cognitive ERP experiment to investigate the effect of viewpoint-independence for familiar-face recognition. The present results showed that facial angle differences were reflected by N170 latency and N250 amplitude. Furthermore, the N250 difference was attenuated in the left hemisphere for famous faces and in the right hemisphere for one's own face. We concluded that familiar faces are first recognized viewpoint-dependently, but then are represented viewpoint-independently. The laterality difference observed in N250 may be related to a self-relevant process in the right hemisphere, while a familiarity process is associated with the left hemisphere.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.03.009

ERP study of viewpoint-independence in familiar-face recognition

Miyakoshi M., Kanayama N., Nomura M., Iidaka T., Ohira H.

International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol. 69 ( 2 ) page： 119 - 126 2008.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：International Journal of Psychophysiology

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.03.009

ERP study of viewpoint-independence in familiar-face recognition

Miyakoshi Makoto, Kanayama Noriaki, Nomura Michio, Iidaka Tetsuya, Ohira Hideki

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 69 ( 2 ) page： 119 - 126 2008.8

ERP study of viewpoint-independence in familiar-face recognition.

Miyakoshi M, Kanayama N, Nomura M, Iidaka T, Ohira H

International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology Vol. 69 ( 2 ) page： 119 - 26 2008.8

Psychological and physiological responses accompanying positive emotions elicited on seeing favorite persons Reviewed

Masahiro Matsunaga, Taeko Yamauchi, Tsuyoshi Nogimori, Toshihiro Konagaya, Hideki Ohira

Journal of Positive Psychology Vol. 3 ( 3 ) page： 192 - 201 2008.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Positive emotions are evoked on seeing one's favorite person. To investigate the psychological and physiological responses accompanying these positive emotions, we simultaneously recorded various parameters such as the mood state, heart rate, skin conductance level (SCL), serum levels of catecholamines, and proportions of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells among the lymphocytes while participants viewed films featuring their favorite persons. The participants reported that they felt better and invigorated
in addition, SCL and proportion of NK cells in peripheral blood increased significantly, and these physiological changes were positively correlated. These results suggest that positive emotions elicited on seeing a favorite person may lead to psychological and physiological activation and, more importantly, may promote health.

DOI： 10.1080/17439760801999560

Psychological and physiological responses accompanying positive emotions elicited on seeing favorite persons

Matsunaga M., Yamauchi T., Nogimori T., Konagaya T., Ohira H.

Journal of Positive Psychology Vol. 3 ( 3 ) page： 192 - 201 2008.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Positive Psychology

Positive emotions are evoked on seeing one's favorite person. To investigate the psychological and physiological responses accompanying these positive emotions, we simultaneously recorded various parameters such as the mood state, heart rate, skin conductance level (SCL), serum levels of catecholamines, and proportions of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells among the lymphocytes while participants viewed films featuring their favorite persons. The participants reported that they felt better and invigorated; in addition, SCL and proportion of NK cells in peripheral blood increased significantly, and these physiological changes were positively correlated. These results suggest that positive emotions elicited on seeing a favorite person may lead to psychological and physiological activation and, more importantly, may promote health.

DOI： 10.1080/17439760801999560

*Imaging brain and immune association accompanying cognitive appraisal of an acute stressor. Reviewed

Ohira, H., Isowa, T., Nomura, M., Ichikawa, N., Kimura, K., Miyakoshi, M., Iidaka, T., Fukuyama, S., Nakajima, T., Yamada, J.

Neuroimage Vol. 22 ( 3 ) page： 408-417 2008.3

Authorship：Lead author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Activities of brain, cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems were measured simultaneously and their functional association was examined during an acute stress task where controllability of the stressor was manipulated experimentally. Results revealed that neural network in the orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortices is involved in evaluation of controllability and top down modulation over peripheral physiological responses.

Associations among central nervous, endocrine, and immune activities when positive emotions are elicited by looking at a favorite person.

Matsunaga M, Isowa T, Kimura K, Miyakoshi M, Kanayama N, Murakami H, Sato S, Konagaya T, Nogimori T, Fukuyama S, Shinoda J, Yamada J, Ohira H

Brain, behavior, and immunity Vol. 22 ( 3 ) page： 408 - 17 2008.3

Associations among central nervous, endocrine, and immune activities when positive emotions are elicited by looking at a favorite person Reviewed

Masahiro Matsunaga, Tokiko Isowa, Kenta Kimura, Makoto Miyakoshi, Noriaki Kanayama, Hiroki Murakami, Sayaka Sato, Toshihiro Konagaya, Tsuyoshi Nogimori, Seisuke Fukuyama, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada, Hideki Ohira

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY Vol. 22 ( 3 ) page： 408 - 417 2008.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

Recent studies on psychoneuroimmunology have indicated that positive psychological events are related to immune functions; however, limited information is available regarding associations among the central nervous, endocrine, and immune systems when positive emotions are elicited. In the present study, we demonstrated associations among these systems by simultaneously recording brain, endocrine, and immune activities when positive emotions were evoked in participants as they watched films featuring their favorite persons. Interestingly, the activity of peripheral circulating natural killer cells and the peripheral dopamine level were elevated while participants experienced positive emotions, and these values were positively correlated. The following brain regions were significantly activated in the positive condition relative to the control condition: medial prefrontal cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, subcallosal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and cerebellum. Further, covariate analyses indicated that these brain regions were temporally associated with endocrine and immune activities. These results suggest that while an individual experiences positive emotions, the central nervous, endocrine, and immune systems may be interrelated and attraction for favorite persons may be associated with the activation of the innate immune function via the dopaminergic system. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.09.008

Associations among central nervous, endocrine, and immune activities when positive emotions are elicited by looking at a favorite person

Matsunaga M., Isowa T., Kimura K., Miyakoshi M., Kanayama N., Murakami H., Sato S., Konagaya T., Nogimori T., Fukuyama S., Shinoda J., Yamada J., Ohira H.

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Vol. 22 ( 3 ) page： 408 - 417 2008.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.09.008

Imaging brain and immune association accompanying cognitive appraisal of an acute stressor Reviewed

Associations among central nervous, endocrine, and immune activities when positive emotions are elicited by looking at a favorite person

Matsunaga Masahiro, Isowa Tokiko, Kimura Kenta, Miyakoshi Makoto, Kanayama Noriaki, Murakami Hiroki, Sato Sayaka, Konagaya Toshihiro, Nogimori Tsuyoshi, Fukuyama Seisuke, Shinoda Jun, Yamada Jitsuhiro, Ohira Hideki

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY Vol. 22 ( 3 ) page： 408 - 417 2008.3

Hideki Ohira, Tokiko Isowa, Michio Nomura, Naho Ichikawa, Kenta Kimura, Makoto Miyakoshi, Tetsuya Lidaka, Seisuke Fukuyama, Toshihiko Nakajima, Jitsuhiro Yamada

NEUROIMAGE Vol. 39 ( 1 ) page： 500 - 514 2008.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

Acute stress elicits multiple responses in autonomic, endocrine, and immune systems. Cognitive appraisal is believed to be one important modulator of such stress responses. To investigate brain substrates of crosstalks between the homeostasis-maintaining systems accompanying appraisal of stressor controllability, we simultaneously recorded regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using O-15-water positron emission tomography, cardiovascular indices (heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP)), neuroendocrine indices (concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in blood), and immune indices (proportions of subsets of lymphocytes (NK cells, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and B cells) in blood), in 11 male subjects who performed a mental arithmetic task with either high controllability (HC) and low controllability (LC). The LC task resulted in less sense of control in subjects than the HC task. Significant increases of rCBF in the medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortices (OFC), and in the medial and lateral prefrontal cortices (MPFC, LPFC) were observed by subtracting the HC task from the LC task. More importantly, significant positive correlations between rCBF and HR, BP, and NK cells were commonly found in the OFC and MPFC during the LC tasks, but not during the HC tasks. The present results showed for the first time that the prefrontal neural network including the OFC and MPFC might be one pivotal region for bi-directional functional association between the brain and peripheral autonomic and immune activities accompanying appraisal of an acute stressor. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.08.017

感情鈍磨現象の2様態 : 離人症状とサイコパシーにおける感情鈍磨現象の検討 Reviewed

金山範明 , 大隅尚広 , 飯村里沙 , 余語真夫 , 大平英樹

パーソナリティ研究 Vol. 17 ( 1 ) page： 104-107 2008

Associations among central nervous, endocrine, and immune activities when positive emotions are elicited by looking at a favorite person. Reviewed

Matsunaga, M., Isowa, T., Kimura, K., Miyakoshi, M., Kanayama, N., Murakami, H., Sato, S., Konagaya, T., Nogimori, T., Fukuyama, S., Shinoda, J., Yamada, J., & Ohira, H.

Brain Behavior and Immunity ( 22 ) page： 408-417 2008

Psychological and physiological responses accompanying positive emotions elicited on seeing favorite persons. Reviewed

Matsunaga, M., Yamauchi, T., Nogimori, T., Konagaya, T., & Ohira, H.

The Journal of Positive Psychology ( 3 ) page： 192-201 2008

Sleep processes in good sleeper and poor sleeper

Yamakawa Kaori, Mizuta Toshiro, Fujisawa Kiyoshi, Ohira Hideki

Journal of Human Environmental Studies Vol. 6 ( 2 ) page： 57 - 63 2008

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Society for Human Environmental Studies

In this study, we investigated sleep profiles in good sleeper and poor sleeper classified by subjective report of daily sleep state. Auditory evoked potentials (AEP), N300 and N550, were measured in order to clarify the relationship between modulation of arousal level and attentional system during sleep. Six healthy undergraduate students participated in this experiment. Based on a questionnaire of sleep latency, three subjects with easy sleep initiation (good sleeper: GS, > 20 minutes) and another three subjects with difficult sleep initiation (poor sleeper: PS, < 30 minutes) were selected. We conducted three nights' experiments after one night sleep for habituating to experimental environment: the first night is control condition, the second night is the first stimulation condition, and the third night is the second stimulation condition. The stimulus used in this study was pure tone (60dB, 1000Hz) lasting 0.1 sec at 10 sec SOA. The sleep polygraph was recorded in all condition, and AEP was also recorded in two stimulation conditions. The data until the end of the first sleep cycle were analyzed. As the result, we observed that sleep latency was shorter and the appearance rate of deep sleep was lower in GS group compared to PS group. In addition, greater N550 amplitude in GS group suggests that subjects in GS group strongly pay attention to stimulus from outwards. Therefore we revealed the possibility that GS group has difficulty to maintain deep sleep by hyperactivity of attentional system, although the sleep latencies of GS group subjects were short.

DOI： 10.4189/shes.6.2_57

Depersonalization, Psychopathy, and Two Types of Emotional Deficiency

Kanayama Noriaki, Osumi Takahiro, Iimura Risa, Yogo Masao, Ohira Hideki

The Japanese Journal of Personality Vol. 17 ( 1 ) page： 104 - 107 2008

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Personality Psychology

Emotional process at times goes awry. For instance, depersonalization disorder includes emotional detachment, which is evoked sometimes by stressful events, just like a common symptom of acute stress disorder. Similarly, psychopathy is characterized by weak emotional responses. However, although they appear to have something in common, these phenomena are not completely the same, and each has some different function for or influence on behavior. We investigated the differences between emotional detachment in depersonalization and weakened emotion in psychopathy, using Emotional Processing Scale (EPS). Path analysis revealed that emotional malfunctions in depersonalization could be separated into dissociation, which was common with primary psychopathy, and suppression, uncontrollability, and confusion, which were common with secondary psychopathy.

DOI： 10.2132/personality.17.104

感情鈍磨現象の2様態-離人症状とサイコパシーにおける感情鈍磨現象の検討パーソナリティ研究 Reviewed

余語真夫, 大平英樹

17 page： 104 - 107 2008

感情鈍磨現象の2様態 : 離人症状とサイコパシーにおける感情鈍磨現象の検討 Reviewed

金山範明, 大隅尚広, 飯村里沙, 余語真夫, 大平英樹

パーソナリティ研究 Vol. 17 ( 1 ) page： 104-107 2008

Implicit change detection: Evidence from event-related brain potential

Kimura Motohiro, Katayama Junichi, Ohira Hideki

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 43 ( 3-4 ) page： 318 - 318 2008

Functional association of brain and somatic activities accompanying reversal learning

Ohira Hideki, Nomura Michio, Matsunaga Masahiro, Isowa Tokiko, Kimura Kenta, Kanayama Noriaki, Murakami Hiroki, Osumi Takahiro

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 45 page： S96 - S96 2008

Functional association of brain and somatic activities accompanying reversal learning Reviewed

Hideki Ohira, Michio Nomura, Masahiro Matsunaga, Tokiko Isowa, Kenta Kimura, Noriaki Kanayama, Hiroki Murakami, Takahiro Osumi

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 45 page： S96 - S96 2008

Dissociative experience and mood-dependent memory Reviewed

Kanayama N, Sato A, Ohira H

Cognition and Emotion Vol. 22 ( 5 ) page： 881 - 896 2008

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Amnesia is the main phenomenon in dissociative experiences. The present study investigated whether amnesia in participants with frequent dissociative experiences depended on state-dependent memory. Undergraduates scoring high (n = 32) or low (n = 32) on the Dissociative Experiences Scale Version-II (DES-II) participated in this experiment. Mood induction and a remember/know task were used in a typical mood-independent memory design. In the inconsistent mood state condition, participants in the high DES group showed decreased memory performance compared to the low DES group. These results were attributed to the recollection components of recognition and not to the familiarity component. Therefore we concluded that the normal population with highly frequent dissociative experiences showed strong state-dependent memory and had a memory bias in the recollection component of memory.

DOI： 10.1080/02699930701541674

Other Link： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-4791

Regulation of lymphocytes redistribution via autonomic nervous activity during stochastic learning.

Kimura K, Ohira H, Isowa T, Matsunaga M, Murashima S

Brain, behavior, and immunity Vol. 21 ( 7 ) page： 921 - 34 2007.10

Regulation of lymphocytes redistribution via autonomic nervous activity during stochastic learning Reviewed

Kenta Kimura, Hideki Ohira, Tokiko Isowa, Masahiro Matsunaga, Seikou Murashima

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY Vol. 21 ( 7 ) page： 921 - 934 2007.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

Several studies reported that redistribution of lymphocyte subsets, especially CD3-CD16+CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells, was elicited by acute psychological stress tasks. It is known that lymphocyte redistribution was regulated based on active or passive emotional coping strategies, which can be elicited dependent on controllability of a stressor. Controllability can be evaluated gradually by learning of a contingency between actions and outcomes. Therefore, lymphocyte redistribution can be determined by learning of the contingency. To examine this issue, we used a stochastic learning task as an acute stress task and divided twenty healthy participants into reinforcement or yoked groups. Between the two groups, only whether they could learn the contingency was manipulated. As a result, patterns of changes in the NK cell numbers differed between the groups; NK cells remarkably increased at first and then gradually decreased to the baseline in the reinforcement group while the yoked group showed a moderate but sustained increase of NK cells. These patterns of changes in the NK cells were completely parallel with changes of the cardiovascular parameters but not with secretion of catecholamines. The present results suggest that cardiovascular and immune reactivity can be modulated along with progresses of adaptation for an acute stressor. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.03.004

Regulation of lymphocytes redistribution via autonomic nervous activity during stochastic learning

Kimura K., Ohira H., Isowa T., Matsunaga M., Murashima S.

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Vol. 21 ( 7 ) page： 921 - 934 2007.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.03.004

精神神経内分泌免疫学におけるコルチゾール研究の最前線

Regulation of lymphocytes redistribution via autonomic nervous activity during stochastic learning

Kimura Kenta, Ohira Hideki, Isowa Tokiko, Matsunaga Masahiro, Murashima Seikou

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY Vol. 21 ( 7 ) page： 921 - 934 2007.10

認知科学と臨床心理学の接点をもとめて

杉浦義典, 岩永誠, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 71 ( 0 ) page： S02 - S02 2007.9

磯和勅子, 大平英樹, 長野祐一郎, 山田クリス孝介, 織田弥生, 堀弘明, 永岑光恵

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 71 ( 0 ) page： WS073 - WS073 2007.9

脳波を指標とした半側視野呈示による顔認知の研究

宮腰誠, 金山範明, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 71 ( 0 ) page： 3EV093 - 3EV093 2007.9

自己の客観的なモニタリングが感情反応に及ぼす影響

村上裕樹, 大平英樹, 松永昌宏

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 71 ( 0 ) page： 2EV111 - 2EV111 2007.9

感情・思考の抑制と開示（2）

余語真夫, 佐藤健二, 河野和明, 大平英樹, 湯川進太郎, 大河原美以, 濱口佳和

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 71 ( 0 ) page： WS045 - WS045 2007.9

報酬予期の不確実性とエラー関連電位との関係

白宇, 今井章, 嶋崎裕志, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 71 ( 0 ) page： 1EV056 - 1EV056 2007.9

心理臨床の基礎を求めて、その４

杉山崇, 坂本真士, 伊藤絵美, 大平英樹, 木島伸彦, 高橋雅延

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 71 ( 0 ) page： WS116 - WS116 2007.9

サイコパシー特性がもたらす非合理的意思決定と末梢生理反応

大隅尚広, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 71 ( 0 ) page： 3AM115 - 3AM115 2007.9

Positive Illusionが不確実状況下での学習に与える影響

木村健太, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 71 ( 0 ) page： 1EV058 - 1EV058 2007.9

Affective Neuroscience for Psychologists 7

大平英樹, 高橋泰城, 鮫島和行, 依田高典

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 71 ( 0 ) page： WS085 - WS085 2007.9

Influence of attention manipulation on emotion and autonomic responses.

Murakami H, Ohira H

Perceptual and motor skills Vol. 105 ( 1 ) page： 299 - 308 2007.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Perceptual and Motor Skills

Psychopathologies such as depression and anxiety have been associated with self-consciousness, a trait focusing on the self in terms of emotions and social images. A technique designed to shift attention away from the self tends to reduce anxiety, so the present purpose was to assess the effect of self body-state information on an individual's emotional and autonomic activity. 24 undergraduate and graduate students (10 men and 14 women), ages 19 to 27 years (M = 22.1, 5D = 2.5), were recruited as subjects. Focusing on body-state during an anxiety-inducing situation led to an increase of low to high frequency ratio of heart-rate variability which reflected cardiac sympathovagal balance. That is, attending to one's own bodily states enhanced relative sympathetic activity compared to parasympathetic activity, which can be interpreted as one of the physiological emotional responses elicited by anxiety. © Perceptual and Motor Skills 2007.

DOI： 10.2466/pms.105.1.299-308

Influence of attention manipulation on emotion and autonomic responses Reviewed

Hiroki Murakami, Hideki Ohira

PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS Vol. 105 ( 1 ) page： 299 - 308 2007.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC

Psychopathologies such as depression and anxiety have been associated with self-consciousness, a trait focusing on the self in terms of emotions and social images. A technique designed to shift attention away from the self tends to reduce anxiety, so the present purpose was to assess the effect of self body-state information on an individual's emotional and autonomic activity. 24 undergraduate and graduate students (10 men and 14 women), ages 19 to 27 years (M-22.1, SD-2.5), were recruited as subjects. Focusing on body-state during an anxiety-inducing Situation led to an increase of low to high frequency ratio of heart-rate variability which reflected cardiac sympathovagal balance. That is, attending to one's own bodily states enhanced relative sympathetic activity compared to parasympathetic activity, which can be interpreted as one of the physiological emotional responses elicited by anxiety.

Influence of attention manipulation on emotion and autonomic responses

Murakami Hiroki, Ohira Hideki

PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS Vol. 105 ( 1 ) page： 299 - 308 2007.8

Study of brain-gut interaction in patients with irritable bowel syndrome Reviewed

KANAZAWA TAMOTSU, KONAGAYA TOSHIHIRO, IMAMURA HIROSHI, KANAYAMA NORIAKI, MATSUNAGA MASAHIRO, OHIRA HIDEKI, FUKUYAMA SEISUKE, SHINODA JUN, NOMURA MICHIO, NOGIMORI TSUYOSHI, KANEKO HIROSHI, KAKUMU SHINICHI

The journal of the Aichi Medical University Association Vol. 35 ( 2 ) page： 59 - 70 2007.6

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Aichi Medical University

Background: Brain activation areas in relation to bowel stimuli have been reported using brain imaging techniques in patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). However, the results are controversial. The aim of this study is to clarify responsible brain site(s) when stimulated by the rectal balloon distension-induced abdominal symptom in IBS in terms of braingut interactions. Methods: Seven healthy volunteers and five patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS based on the Rome II criteria were recruited. All were right-handed men. Rectal sensitivity was examined with balloon distension using a barostat device. Studies are performed with or without rectal distension(RD). Each task took 4 minutes. The subjects were assigned to have each twice task at the individual pain threshold level with 11 minute intervals. The changes in brain blood flow were evaluated using H_2 ^<15>O-water positron emission tomography. Subjects were asked rectal pain and stress level with visual analogue scale(VAS) before and soon after the respective task. Blood pressure, heart rate, and several serum stress-related substances were also investigated. Results: The threshold of pressure for rectal pain was significantly lower in the IBS patients(IBS=14.4mmHg, volunteers=26.3mmHg on average). The IBS patients showed a significant increase in blood flow in especially insula, and in thalamus at RD as compared with that in volunteers. Analyzing changes in VAS score before and after task, an increase of score about physical stress was significantly larger in the IBS patients in RD although no differences was noted in pain perceived score among all subjects in RD. A tendency of correlation was observed between the RD-induced increment in blood flow in insula and that in VAS score of stress-feeling. Conclusions: The IBS patients had a significantly lower pain threshold against RD. Under RD stress at an individual pain threshold, a significant objective activation in insula, subjective physical stress, and correlation between them were obtained, indicating the brain activation magnitude-correlated stress in IBS.

Psychopathic traits and cardiovascular responses to emotional stimuli Reviewed

Takahiro Osumi, Hiroshi Shimazaki, Akira Imai, Yoshinori Sugiura, Hideki Ohira

PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Vol. 42 ( 7 ) page： 1391 - 1402 2007.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

The present study investigated the abnormalities of cardiovascular responses to contextual or explicit emotional stimuli with respect to the two facets of psychopathy in a Japanese undergraduate population assessed by a Japanese version of the Primary and Secondary Psychopathy Scales. In study 1, recording heart rate and fingertip skin temperature while the participants watched an unpleasant movie, we found that the participants with high tendencies toward antisocial behavior (n = 16) showed smaller reactivity than those with low tendencies toward antisocial behavior (n = 16). By contrast, in study 2, heart rate orienting responses to affective slides were recorded, and the participants with high tendencies toward emotional detachment (n = 15) showed smaller responses to unpleasant slides than those with low tendencies toward emotional detachment (n = 16). Consistent with previous studies which recorded skin conductance and startle eye blink with psychopaths, these findings using a non-institutionalized sample also suggest that affective dysfunction in psychopathy is based on two specific physiological mechanisms. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.016

Psychopathic traits and cardiovascular responses to emotional stimuli

Osumi T., Shimazaki H., Imai A., Sugiura Y., Ohira H.

Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 42 ( 7 ) page： 1391 - 1402 2007.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Personality and Individual Differences

DOI： 10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.016

Crossmodal effect with rubber hand illusion and gamma-band activity

Psychopathic traits and cardiovascular responses to emotional stimuli

Osumi Takahiro, Shimazaki Hiroshi, Imai Akira, Sugiura Yoshinori, Ohira Hideki

PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Vol. 42 ( 7 ) page： 1391 - 1402 2007.5

Noriaki Kanayama, Atsushi Sato, Hideki Ohira

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 44 ( 3 ) page： 392 - 402 2007.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

The integration of multimodal stimuli has been regarded as important for the promotion of adaptive behavior. Although recent work has identified brain areas that respond to multimodal stimuli, the temporal features are not clear yet. Earlier event-related potential studies revealed crossmodal attention effects, but did not focus on mechanisms underlying crossmodal integration. Here, electroencephalography (EEG) activity in the gamma band was considered as a correlate of multimodal integration. Participants localized a tactile stimulus on their fingers while seeing visual stimuli on rubber hands with the same posture as their hands. EEG analyses using wavelet transform suggested that interelectrode phase synchrony in the gamma-band range (40-50 Hz) was related to behavioral indices of the intermodal illusion under consideration. The findings suggest a role of high-frequency oscillations in the integrative processing of stimuli across modalities.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00511.x

Exploring Stress Processes by Neuroimaging

OHIRA Hideki

Vol. 62 ( 2 ) page： 242 - 243 2007.3

An ERP study on self-relevant object recognition. Reviewed International journal

Makoto Miyakoshi, Michio Nomura, Hideki Ohira

Brain and cognition Vol. 63 ( 2 ) page： 182 - 9 2007.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

We performed an event-related potential study to investigate the self-relevance effect in object recognition. Three stimulus categories were prepared: SELF (participant's own objects), FAMILIAR (disposable and public objects, defined as objects with less-self-relevant familiarity), and UNFAMILIAR (others' objects). The participants' task was to watch the stimuli passively. Results showed that left-lateralized N250 activity differentiated SELF and FAMILIAR from UNFAMILIAR, but SELF and FAMILIAR were not differentiated. In the later time-course, SELF was dissociated from FAMILIAR, indicating the self-relevance effect in object recognition at this stage. This activity did not show consistent lateralization, in contrast to previous studies reporting right lateralization in self-relevant face and name recognition. We concluded that in object recognition, self-relevance was processed by higher-order cognitive functions later than 300ms after stimulus onset.

An ERP study on self-relevant object recognition

Makoto Miyakoshi, Michio Nomura, Hideki Ohira

BRAIN AND COGNITION Vol. 63 ( 2 ) page： 182 - 189 2007.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

We performed an event-related potential study to investigate the self-relevance effect in object recognition. Three stimulus categories were prepared: SELF (participant's own objects), FAMILIAR (disposable and public objects, defined as objects with less-self-relevant familiarity), and UNFAMILIAR (others' objects). The participants' task was to watch the stimuli passively. Results showed that left-lateralized N250 activity differentiated SELF and FAMILIAR from UNFAMILIAR, but SELF and FAMILIAR were not differentiated. In the later time-course, SELF was dissociated from FAMILIAR, indicating the self-relevance effect in object recognition at this stage, This activity did not show consistent lateralization, in contrast to previous studies reporting right lateralization in self-relevant face and name recognition. We concluded that in object recognition, self-relevance was processed by higher-order cognitive functions later than 300 ms after stimulus onset. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bandc.2006.12.001

An electrophysiological comparison of recollection for emotional words using an exclusions recognition paradigm Reviewed

Midori Inaba, Kyoko Kamishima, Hideki Ohira

BRAIN RESEARCH Vol. 1133 ( 1 ) page： 100 - 109 2007.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

The positive-going shift of event-related potential (ERP) components that occur when recognizing emotional words has been thought to be due to valence effects on either recollection or familiarity. This study investigated the independent contributions of recollection and familiarity on recognition of emotional words in order to examine which is thus responsible for the greater magnitude of ERP components seen in response to recognition of emotional, as opposed to neutral words. ERPs were measured while participants completed an exclusion recognition task. In the test phase, participants were required to respond "old" only to target items, which were included in one of two lists that were presented in the study phase. They were also asked to respond "new" to distracters and non-target items that were in the other previously presented list. "Old" responses to targets and non-targets were contrasted with an ERP analysis. Results suggested that the late positivity reflected recollection. The magnitude of this positivity, elicited around the left parietal area, was greater for negative stimuli compared to neutral and positive stimuli. The findings of the present study suggested that enhanced recollection of negative words may contribute to increased magnitudes of components such as the LPC. The emotional valence of words may have separate behavioral and electrophysiological effects on recollection and familiarity. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.07.010

Phylogenetic relationships of click beetles (Coleoptera : Elateridae) inferred from 28S ribosomal DNA: Insights into the evolution of bioluminescence in Elateridae

Sagegami-Oba Reiko, Oba Yuichi, Ohira Hitoo

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Vol. 42 ( 2 ) page： 410 - 421 2007.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

Although the taxonomy of click beetles (family Elateridae) has been studied extensively, inconsistencies remain. We examine here the relationships between species of Elateridae based on partial sequences of nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA. Specimens were collected primarily from Japan, while luminous click beetles were also sampled from Central and South America to investigate the origins of bioluminescence in Elateridae. Neighbor-joining, maximum-parsimony, and maximum-likelihood analyses produced a consistent basal topology with high statistical support that is partially congruent with the results of previous investigations based on the morphological characteristics of larvae and adults. The most parsimonious reconstruction of the "luminous" and "nonluminous" states, based on the present molecular phylogeny, indicates that the ancestral state of Elateridae was nonluminous. This suggests that the bioluminescence in click beetle evolved independent of that of other luminous beetles, such as Lampyridae, despite their common mechanisms of bioluminescence. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.07.017

Psychological effects of forest environments on healthy adults: Shinrin-yoku (forest-air bathing, walking) as a possible method of stress reduction

Morita E., Fukuda S., Nagano J., Hamajima N., Yamamoto H., Iwai Y., Nakashima T., Ohira H., Shirakawa T.

PUBLIC HEALTH Vol. 121 ( 1 ) page： 54 - 63 2007.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Public Health

Objectives: Shinrin-yoku (walking and/or staying in forests in order to promote health) is a major form of relaxation in Japan; however, its effects have yet to be completely clarified. The aims of this study were: (1) to evaluate the psychological effects of shinrin-yoku in a large number of participants; and (2) to identify the factors related to these effects. Methods: Four hundred and ninety-eight healthy volunteers took part in the study. Surveys were conducted twice in a forest on the same day (forest day) and twice on a control day. Outcome measures were evaluated using the Multiple Mood Scale-Short Form (hostility, depression, boredom, friendliness, wellbeing and liveliness) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory A-State Scale. Statistical analyses were conducted using analysis of variance and multiple regression analyses. Results: Hostility (P<0.001) and depression (P<0.001) scores decreased significantly, and liveliness (P=0.001) scores increased significantly on the forest day compared with the control day. The main effect of environment was also observed with all outcomes except for hostility, and the forest environment was advantageous. Stress levels were shown to be related to the magnitude of the shinrin-yoku effect; the higher the stress level, the greater the effect. Conclusions: This study revealed that forest environments are advantageous with respect to acute emotions, especially among those experiencing chronic stress. Accordingly, shinrin-yoku may be employed as a stress reduction method, and forest environments can be viewed as therapeutic landscapes. Therefore, customary shinrin-yoku may help to decrease the risk of psychosocial stress-related diseases, and evaluation of the long-term effects of shinrin-yoku is warranted. © 2006.

DOI： 10.1016/j.puhe.2006.05.024

L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses Reviewed

Kenta Kimura, Makoto Ozeki, Lekh Raj Juneja, Hideki Ohira

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 74 ( 1 ) page： 39 - 45 2007.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

L-Theanine is an amino acid contained in green tea leaves which is known to block the binding of L-glutamic acid to glutamate receptors in the brain. Because the characteristics of L-Theanine suggest that it may influence psychological and physiological states under stress, the present study examined these possible effects in a laboratory setting using a mental arithmetic task as an acute stressor. Twelve participants underwent four separate trials: one in which they took L-Theanine at the start of an experimental procedure, one in which they took L-Theanine midway, and two control trials in which they either took a placebo or nothing. The experimental sessions were performed by double-blind, and the order of them was counterbalanced. The results showed that L-Theanine intake resulted in a reduction in the heart rate (HR) and salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) responses to an acute stress task relative to the placebo control condition. Moreover, analyses of heart rate variability indicated that the reductions in HR and s-IgA were likely attributable to an attenuation of sympathetic nervous activation. Thus, it was suggested that the oral intake of L-Theanine could cause anti-stress effects via the inhibition of cortical neuron excitation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.006

Escape from Existence: The Classification of Depersonalized Experiences and the Relationship between Depersonalization and Avoidance

生物学的ポジティブ科学の構想 Invited

大平英樹

ストレス科学研究 Vol. 22 page： 8-15 2007

日本語版一次性・二次性サイコパシー尺度の信頼性と妥当性の検討 Reviewed

大隅尚広・金山範明・杉浦義典・大平英樹

パーソナリティ研究 Vol. 16 page： 117-120 2007

Regulation of lymphocytes redistribution via autonomic nervous activity during stochastic learning. Reviewed

Kimura K., Ohira H., Isowa T., Matsunaga M., Murashima S.

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Vol. 21 page： 921-934 2007

過敏性腸症候群における脳腸相関に関する研究　愛知医科大学医学会雑誌 Reviewed

金澤太茂・小長谷敏浩・今村祐志・金山範明・松永昌宏・大平英樹・福山誠介・篠田淳・野村理朗・野木森剛・金子宏・各務伸一

愛知医科大学医学会雑誌 Vol. 35 page： 59-70 2007

脳研究を正しく評価するために Reviewed

大平英樹

朝日総研リポート Vol. 210 page： 40‐63 2007

Influence of attention manipulation on emotion and autonomic responses. Reviewed

Hiroaki Murakami & Hideki Ohira

Perceptual and Motor Skills ( 105 ) page： 299-308 2007

Psychopathic traits and cardiovascular responses to emotional stimuli. Reviewed

Osumi, T., Shimazaki, H., Imai, A., Sugiura, Y., & Ohira, H.

Personality and Individual Differences ( 42 ) page： 1391-1402 2007

An ERP study on self-relevant object recognition. Reviewed

Miyakoshi, Nomura, & Ohira

Brain & Cognition ( 63 ) page： 182-189 2007

Crossmodal effect with rubber hand illusion and gamma band activity. Reviewed

Noriaki Kanayama, Atsushi Sato, Hideki Ohira

Psychophysiology ( 44 ) page： 392-402 2007

Imaging brain and immune association accompanying cognitive appraisal of an acute stressor. Reviewed

Ohira, H., Isowa, T., Nomura, M., Ichikawa, N., Kimura, K., Miyakoshi, M., Iidaka, T., Fukuyama, S., Nakajima, T., Yamada, J.

Neuroimage ( 39 ) page： 500-514 2007

随伴性評価と意思決定を支える脳・身体の機能的関連

大平英樹

生理心理学と精神生理学 Vol. 25 ( 2 ) page： 106 - 106 2007

Kanayama Noriaki, Osumi Takahiro, Ohira Hideki

The Japanese Journal of Personality Vol. 15 ( 3 ) page： 362 - 365 2007

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Personality Psychology

Depersonalization is considered to be elicited by traumatic stress, and is characterized by episodes of detachment or estrangement from one's self. Recently, this phenomenon was understood as a coping mechanism, reducing the impact of a traumatic event. But findings of previous empirical studies were not consistent, possibly because depersonalization has not been classified into more detailed, finer categories. In this study, we preliminarily investigated the classification scheme of Cambridge depersonalization scale using factor analysis, and the relationships between depersonalization and behavioral inhibition system (BIS). Results suggested that depersonalization might lead to reduced and maladaptive emotional responses.

DOI： 10.2132/personality.15.362

Emotional Face Feedback Effects on Task Performance Reviewed

Ichikawa Naho, Nomura Michio, Iidaka Tetsuya, Ohira Hideki

JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS Vol. 14 ( 1 ) page： 27 - 38 2007

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

This experiment was conducted to explore the effect of emotional face feedback on task performance. Ten participants were asked to perform an operant learning task in which they were to learn contingencies between key-pressing and consequences (gain or loss) for each of several target patterns, and to maximize their total score. For performance feedback stimuli, we used three types of facial expressions (Angry, Happy, Neutral), and two types of symbol conditions (〇[correct], ×[error]). In NA condition, a neutral face was presented as correct feedback and an angry face was presented as error feedback. In the HN condition, a happy face was presented as correct feedback and a neutral face was presented as error feedback. In the NN condition, different neutral faces were presented as correct and error feedback. In the 〇× condition, 〇 was presented as correct feedback and × was presented as error feedback. We also reversed the conditions (AN, NH, ×〇), in order to examine whether the congruency of feedback valence (e.g. correct-positive and error-negative) was critical. Results indicated that lower error rates were observed in the angry face feedback condition (NA and AN) as compared to the happy face condition (p<.05). We also found a congruency effect between the behavioral results and feedback valence in response time of subsequent trials. These findings suggest that emotional face feedback might be related to task performance during an operant learning task.

DOI： 10.4092/jsre.14.27

Functional association of brain and body in emotion regulation : Looking for Spinoza

日本語版一次性・二次性サイコパシー尺度の信頼性と妥当性 Reviewed

大平英樹

パーソナリティ研究 16 page： 361 - 364 2007

OHIRA Hideki

Japanese Journal of Biofeedback Research Vol. 34 ( 2 ) page： 3 - 8 2007

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society of Biofeedback Research

Humans have developed mechanisms of emotion regulation for adaptation for social environments. Here, based on conceptualization by Spinoza, William James, and Antonio Damasio, we recognize emotions as bodily responses to external and internal stimuli and representation of the responses in the brain. Using simultaneous recording technique of neuroimaging and physiological responses, we examined functional association of brain and body accompanying emotion regulation. As results, it was revealed that the lateral and medial parts of prefrontal cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex play important roles for inhibitory control over limbic structures including the amygdala. Furthermore, peripheral physiological responses are projected to the brain, especially in the anterior insula as "somatic marker", and influence subjective experiences of emotions. We propose that biofeedback can provide a unique experimental framework to examine such brain and body interaction accompanying emotional phenomena.

DOI： 10.20595/jjbf.34.2_3

Validation of the Japanese Version of the Primary and Secondary Psychopathy Scales

過敏性腸症候群における脳腸相関に関する研究愛知医科大学医学会雑誌 Reviewed

金澤太茂, 小長谷敏浩, 今村祐志, 金山範明, 松永昌宏, 大平英樹, 福山誠介, 篠田淳, 野村理朗, 野木森剛, 金子宏, 各務伸一

愛知医科大学医学会雑誌 Vol. 35 page： 59-70 2007

日本語版一次性・二次性サイコパシー尺度の信頼性と妥当性の検討 Reviewed

大隅尚広, 金山範明, 杉浦義典, 大平英樹

パーソナリティ研究 Vol. 16 page： 117-120 2007

Osumi Takahiro, Kanayama Noriaki, Sugiura Yoshinori, Ohira Hideki

The Japanese Journal of Personality Vol. 16 ( 1 ) page： 117 - 120 2007

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Personality Psychology

The purpose of the present study was to investigate reliability and validity of Japanese version of the Primary and Secondary Psychopathy Scales. First, similar to the original scales, exploratory factor analysis of the data from a sample of 475 revealed two factors for the scale items. In addition, a sample of 77 provided good indication of internal consistency as well as test-retest temporal stability. Correlations with BIS/BAS scales and PANAS also gave support for the scales' validity. These and other results suggested that, with some reservations, the Japanese version had usefulness of the original scales to measure psychopathic tendencies.

DOI： 10.2132/personality.16.117

BIOLUMINESCENCE IN CLICK BEETLES (FAMILY ELATERIDAE): MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS, INFERRED FROM 28S RIBOSOMAL DNA

生物学的ポジティブ科学の構想

大平英樹

ストレス科学研究 22 page： 8 - 15 2007

生物学的ポジティブ科学の構想

大平英樹

ストレス科学研究 22 page： 8 - 15 2007

生物学的ポジティブ科学の構想 Invited

大平英樹

ストレス科学研究 Vol. 22 page： 8-15 2007

脳研究を正しく評価するために Reviewed

大平英樹

朝日総研リポート Vol. 210 page： 40‐63 2007

Relationship between emotional arousal and retention intervals in the Concealed Information Test (CIT)

Osugi Akemi, Ohira Hideki

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 44 page： S49 - S49 2007

Psychopathy prompts irrational decision-making: Evidence from autonomic responses to disadvantageous offers in the ultimatum game

Osumi Takahiro, Ohira Hideki

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 44 page： S49 - S49 2007

Influence of emotion regulation on autonomic activity during anticipatory anxiety

Murakami Hiroki, Ohira Hideki, Matsunaga Masahiro

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH Vol. 58 page： S104 - S104 2007

Healthy carriers of the 5HTTLPR s/s genotype are romantic? Reviewed

Masahiro Matsunaga, Tokiko Isowa, Kenta Kimura, Makoto Miyakoshi, Noriaki Kanayama, Hiroki Murakami, Toshihiro Konagaya, Seisuke Fukuyama, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada, Hideki Ohira

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH Vol. 58 page： S106 - S106 2007

Crossmodal effect with rubber hand illusion and gamma band activity. Reviewed

Noriaki Kanayama, Atsushi Sato, Hideki Ohira

Psychophysiology ( 44 ) page： 392-402 2007

Sagegami-Oba, R; Oba, Y; Ohira, H

BIOLUMINESCENCE AND CHEMILUMINESCENCE: CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS page： 23 - + 2007

Stress Reduction through Participations in Shinrin-yoku Programs over Two Months

Morita Emi, Ohira Hideki, Sekiyama Atsuo, Nagano Jun, Fukuda Sanae, Yamada Yozo, Hamajima Nobuyuki, Shimura Misaki, Kosugi Shinji

The Japanese Forest Society Congress Vol. 118 ( 0 ) page： 496 - 496 2007

P2-26 チンパンジー乳児の瞬目(日本動物心理学会第66回大会発表要旨)

大森慈子, 田多英興, 大平英樹, 友永雅己

動物心理学研究 Vol. 56 ( 2 ) page： 175 2006.12

認知活動による不快感情の制御

飯田沙依亜, 市川奈穂, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 70 ( 0 ) page： 3PM121 - 3PM121 2006.11

自己の身体感覚への注目が認知・感情に及ぼす影響

村上裕樹, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 70 ( 0 ) page： 2PM131 - 2PM131 2006.11

行為時の感情喚起がConcealed Information Testに及ぼす影響

大杉朱美, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 70 ( 0 ) page： 1EV062 - 1EV062 2006.11

抑うつ傾向者におけるネガティブ情報の処理特性

志邑みさき, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 70 ( 0 ) page： 2PM125 - 2PM125 2006.11

急性ストレス事態における神経系・内分泌系・免疫系の機能的関連

磯和勅子, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 70 ( 0 ) page： L26 - L26 2006.11

急性ストレス状況におけるリンパ球再配分：

木村健太, 磯和勅子, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 70 ( 0 ) page： 1EV084 - 1EV084 2006.11

感情・思考の抑制と開示

余語真夫, 佐藤健二, 河野和明, 大平英樹, 湯川進太郎, 勝原裕美子, 松井豊, 関谷大輝

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 70 ( 0 ) page： WS082 - WS082 2006.11

マルチモーダルイベントの処理と離人現象の関連

金山範明, 佐藤徳, 大平英樹

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 70 ( 0 ) page： 1PM065 - 1PM065 2006.11

こころと健康の精神神経内分泌免疫学

磯和勅子, 大平英樹, 石原俊一, 福田早苗, 川村則行, 神庭重信

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 70 ( 0 ) page： WS100 - WS100 2006.11

FUNCTIONAL ASSOCIATIONS AMONG POSITIVE EMOTION, CENTRAL NERVOUS, PERIPHERAL AUTONOMIC NERVOUS, ENDOCRINE, AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS

MATSUNAGA Masahiro, KONAGAYA Toshihiro, OHIRA Hideki

( 21 ) page： 81 2006.11

Affective Neuroscience for Psychologists 6

大平英樹, 松永昌宏, 坂口菊恵, 中丸麻由子, 大竹恵子

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 Vol. 70 ( 0 ) page： WS116 - WS116 2006.11

Gamma band activity and its synchronization reflect the dysfunctional emotional processing in alexithymic persons Reviewed

Matsumoto A, Ichikawa Y, Kanayama N, Ohira H, Iidaka T

Psychophysiology Vol. 43 ( 6 ) page： 533 - 540 2006.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

In the present study, we investigated the gamma band response and its phase synchrony between electrodes in alexithymia, which is characterized by a disability in identifying and describing feelings. Individuals with high and low alexithymia scores were selected according to the scores on the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. EEG was recorded from alexithymic and nonalexithymic persons viewing emotionally negative or neutral stimuli. Nonalexithymic persons exhibited increased gamma band power and phase synchronization at the 400-450-ms time window when processing emotionally negative stimuli. Neither enhanced gamma band power nor phase synchronization was observed in alexithymic persons in the negative emotion condition. These results suggest that gamma band activity reflects emotional processing, and alexithymic persons may have a deficit in communication between brain regions or in the utilization of memory or emotional information during the processing of emotional stimuli.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00461.x

Effect of attraction to the favorite person on innate immune system

Other Link： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-4791

The phylogeny of eyeblink behaviors in primates

Tada Hideoki, Omori Yasuko, Hirokawa Kumi, Ohira Hideki, Tomonaga Masaki

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 61 ( 3 ) page： 339 - 339 2006.9

Temporal redistribution of NK cell subsets during acute psychological stressor

Kimura K., Isowa T., Ohira H.

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY Vol. 178 page： 178 - 179 2006.9

Influence of emotion regulation on the immune, autonomic responses, and cognition

Murakami H., Ohira H.

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY Vol. 178 page： 182 - 183 2006.9

Matsunaga, M; Yamauchi, T; Konagaya, T; Ohira, H

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY Vol. 178 page： 178 - 178 2006.9

Appraisal about controllability of acute stressor and brain-cardiac-immune association

H. Ohira, T. Isowa, M. Nomura, N. Ichikawa, K. Kimura, M. Miyakoshi, T. Iidaka, S. Fukuyama, T. Nakajima, J. Yamada

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY Vol. 178 page： 177 - 177 2006.9

活気を高めるポジティブ感情が免疫系に及ぼす効果

松永昌宏, 大平英樹

生理心理学と精神生理学 Vol. 24 ( 2 ) page： 212 - 212 2006.8

Differences in relaxation by means of guided imagery in a healthy community sample Reviewed

E Watanabe, S Fukuda, H Hara, Y Maeda, H Ohira, T Shirakawa

ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE Vol. 12 ( 2 ) page： 60 - 66 2006.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：INNOVISION COMMUNICATIONS

Objective center dot This study investigated differences in relaxation induced by guided imagery in healthy community samples.
Methods center dot One hundred forty-eight people took part in our investigation. The mean age of the 50 males and 98 females was 39.36 +/- 11.86 years. We took saliva samples to measure salivary cortisol (SC) before the first session, after the first session, and after the second session. Subjects were asked to complete the short form of the Multiple Mood Scale (MMS) questionnaire before the first session and after the second session. The shortened form of Betts' Questionnaire upon Mental Imagery (QMI) was collected once before the first session, and vividness of the imagery was measured using a visual analogue scale once after the second session.
Results center dot SC levels were significantly decreased after the first session and after the second session in all participants. We found, most significantly, that age and QMI scores were strongly related to changes in SC level throughout the relaxation sessions.
Conclusions center dot Unpleasant information, a cause of mental stress, is replaced by a comfortable image, and this replacement affects a participant's SC level. The greater one's imagery ability is, the more successful the displacement of stress and the shift toward a comfortable mental and emotional state will be. This study provides a basis for explaining the mechanism through which relaxation by means of guided imagery is effective in reducing stress.

Differences in relaxation by means of guided imagery in a healthy community sample

Watanabe E., Fukuda S., Hara H., Maeda Y., Ohira H., Shirakawa T.

Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine Vol. 12 ( 2 ) page： 60 - 66 2006.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine

Objective: This study investigated differences in relaxation induced by guided imagery in healthy community samples. Methods: One hundred forty-eight people took part in our investigation. The mean age of the 50 males and 98 females was 39.36 ± 11.86 years. We took saliva samples to measure salivary cortisol (SC) before the first session, after the first session, and after the second session. Subjects were asked to complete the short form of the Multiple Mood Scale (MMS) questionnaire before the first session and after the second session. The shortened form of Betts' Questionnaire upon Mental Imagery (QMI) was collected once before the first session, and vividness of the imagery was measured using a visual analogue scale once after the second session. Results: SC levels were significantly decreased after the first session and after the second session in all participants. We found, most significantly, that age and QMI scores were strongly related to changes in SC level throughout the relaxation sessions. Conclusions: Unpleasant information, a cause of mental stress, is replaced by a comfortable image, and this replacement affects a participant's SC level. The greater one's imagery ability is, the more successful the displacement of stress and the shift toward a comfortable mental and emotional state will be. This study provides a basis for explaining the mechanism through which relaxation by means of guided imagery is effective in reducing stress.

Association of neural and physiological responses during voluntary emotion suppression

Association of neural and physiological responses during voluntary emotion suppression.

Ohira H, Nomura M, Ichikawa N, Isowa T, Iidaka T, Sato A, Fukuyama S, Nakajima T, Yamada J

NeuroImage Vol. 29 ( 3 ) page： 721 - 33 2006.2

Association of neural and physiological responses during voluntary emotion suppression

Ohira H, Nomura M, Ichikawa N, Isowa T, Iidaka T, Sato A, Fukuyama S, Nakajima T, Yamada J

NEUROIMAGE Vol. 29 ( 3 ) page： 721 - 733 2006.2

Ohira H., Nomura M., Ichikawa N., Isowa T., Iidaka T., Sato A., Fukuyama S., Nakajima T., Yamada J.

NeuroImage Vol. 29 ( 3 ) page： 721 - 733 2006.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：NeuroImage

Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that several prefrontal regions play critical roles in inhibiting activation of limbic regions during voluntary emotion regulation. The present study aimed to confirm prior findings and to extend them by identifying the frontal neural circuitry associated with regulation of peripheral physiological responses during voluntary emotion suppression. Ten healthy female subjects were presented with affectively positive, neutral, and negative pictures in each of an Attending and Suppression task. Regional cerebral blood-flow changes were measured using 15O-water positron emission tomography, and autonomic (heart rate: HR, skin conductance response: SCR) and endocrine (adrenocorticotropic hormone: ACTH) indices were measured during both tasks. The left amygdala and the right anterior temporal pole were activated during the Attending task, whereas activation was observed in the left lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), including the adjacent medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), and medial orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC) during the Suppression task. In the Attending task, activation in the amygdala and MOFC positively correlated with magnitudes of the SCR and ACTH responses. Emotion suppression elicited enhancement of SCR and the strength of the effect positively correlated with activation in the MOFC. These results suggest that the MOFC plays a pivotal role in top-down regulation of peripheral physiological responses accompanying emotional experiences. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.08.047

Immune, endocrine and cardiovascular responses to controllable and uncontrollable acute stress

Isowa T, Ohira H, Murashima S

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 71 ( 2 ) page： 202 - 213 2006.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Biological Psychology

This study, using a triadic-yoked design, clarified the effects of controllability of acute stress on responses of immune, cardiovascular (heart rate and blood pressure), and cortisol activities. Forty-three women in their follicular phase completed a mental arithmetic task as a stressor in which controllability was manipulated by correct or yoked-bogus feedback. The task decreased proportions of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells, whereas it increased the numbers of white blood cells, lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and NK cell activity (NKCA). Our main hypothesis that greater immune and cardiovascular responses to the task would be obtained under the uncontrollable condition than under the controllable condition was not supported. However, the uncontrollable stress condition, but not the controllable situation, led to higher correlations between heart rate or blood pressure, and various immune parameters. On the other hand, parameters of heart rate variability reflecting sympathetic and parasympathetic activities showed significant correlations only with NKCA. These results suggest that immune responses were most directly associated with cardiovascular activities under the uncontrollable condition. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.04.002

Association of neural and physiological responses during voluntary emotion suppression Reviewed

H Ohira, M Nomura, N Ichikawa, T Isowa, T Iidaka, A Sato, S Fukuyama, T Nakajima, J Yamada

NEUROIMAGE Vol. 29 ( 3 ) page： 721 - 733 2006.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

Recent neuromiaging studies have shown that several prefrontal regions play critical roles in inhibiting activation of limbic regions during voluntary emotion regulation. The present study aimed to confirm prior findings and to extend them by identifying the frontal neural circuitry associated with regulation of peripheral physiological responses during voluntary emotion suppression. Ten healthy female subjects were presented with affectively positive, neutral, and negative pictures in each of an Attending and Suppression task. Regional cerebral blood-flow changes were measured using O-15-water positron emission tomography, and autonomic (heart rate: HR, skin conductance response: SCR) and endocrine (adrenocorticotropic hormone: ACTH) indices were measured during both tasks. The left amygdala and the right anterior temporal pole were activated during the Attending task, whereas activation was observed in the left lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), including the adjacent medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), and medial orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC) during the Suppression task. In the Attending task, activation in the amygdala and MOFC positively correlated with magnitudes of the SCR and ACTH responses. Emotion suppression elicited enhancement of SCR and the strength of the effect positively correlated with activation in the MOFC. These results suggest that the MOFC plays a pivotal role in top-down regulation of peripheral physiological responses accompanying emotional experiences. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.08.047

現実世界からの逃走　―離人症状の分類と回避傾向の関連について― Reviewed

金山範明・大隅尚広・大平英樹

パーソナリティ研究 Vol. 15 page： 361-364 2006

*Association of neural and physiological responses during voluntary emotion suppression. Reviewed

Ohira H, Nomura M, Ichikawa N, Isowa T, Iidaka T, Sato A, Fukuyama S, Nakajima T, Yamada J.

Neuroimage Vol. 29 page： 721-733 2006

Authorship：Lead author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Functional association of brain, autonomic, and endocrine activities accompanying experience of emotions and self regulation of emotions were examined by simultaneous recording. As results, activation of the amygdale was found during emotion experiences, and further the degree of activation in the amygdale could predict levels if skin conductance responses (sympathetic activity) and secretion of ACTH (endocrine activity). On the other hand, the lateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices were involved in emotion regulation, and those parts of the brain could suppress activation of the amygdala.

Differences in relaxation by means of guided imagery in a healthy community sample. Reviewed

Watanabe, E., Fukuda, S., Hara, H., Maeda, Y., Ohira, H., Shirakawa, T.

Alternative Thetapies in Health and Medicine Vol. 12 page： 60-66 2006

現実世界からの逃走 ―離人症状の分類と回避傾向の関連について― Reviewed

金山範明, 大隅尚広, 大平英樹

パーソナリティ研究 Vol. 15 page： 361-364 2006

不安感情に対するディストラクションの効果 : ディストラクション課題の意味づけの影響(日本基礎心理学会第25回大会,大会発表要旨)

飯田沙依亜, 市川奈穂, 大平英樹

基礎心理学研究 Vol. 25 ( 1 ) page： 146 2006

(Abstracts of Presentation,The 24th Annual Meeting)

The Japanese Journal of Psychonomic Science Vol. 24 ( 2 ) page： 229 2006

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of click beetles (family Elateridae) inferred from 28S ribosomal DNA: The origin of bioluminescence in elaterids

Sagegami-Oba R., Oba Y., Ohira H.

LUMINESCENCE Vol. 21 ( 5 ) page： 290 - 290 2006

Imaging brain and immune association accompanying cognitive appraisal of acute stressor Reviewed

Hideki Ohira, Tokiko Isowa, Michio Nomura, Naho Ichikawa, Kenta Kimura, Makoto Miyakoshi, Tetsuya Iidaka, Seisuke Fukuyama, Toshihiro Nakashima, Jitsuhiro Yamada

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH Vol. 55 ( 3 ) page： S92 - S92 2006

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD

Effects of emotional arousal on the Concealed Information Test (CIT): A study by event related potential and autonomic indices

Imaging brain and immune association accompanying cognitive appraisal of acute stressor Reviewed

Hideki Ohira, Tokiko Isowa, Michio Nomura, Naho Ichikawa, Kenta Kimura, Makoto Miyakoshi, Tetsuya Iidaka, Seisuke Fukuyama, Toshihiro Nakashima, Jitsuhiro Yamada

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH Vol. 55 ( 39 ) page： S92 - S92 2006

Imaging brain and immune association accompanying cognitive appraisal of acute stressor

Ohira Hideki, Isowa Tokiko, Nomura Michio, Ichikawa Naho, Kimura Kenta, Miyakoshi Makoto, Iidaka Tetsuya, Fukuyama Seisuke, Nakashima Toshihiro, Yamada Jitsuhiro

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH Vol. 55 page： S92 - S92 2006

Akemi Osugi, Hideki Ohira

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 43 page： S74 - S74 2006

Effects of attraction to favorite opposite gender on nervous, endocrine, and immune systems

Matsunaga, M; Yamauchi, T; Konagaya, T; Ohira, H

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH Vol. 55 page： S253 - S253 2006

Effects of emotional and nonemotional error feedback on brain and cardiac reactivity

Naho Ichikawa, Greg J. Siegle, Michio Nomura, Tetsuya Iidaka, Hideki Ohira

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 43 page： S48 - S49 2006

Differences in relaxation by means of guided imagery in a healthy community sample

Watanabe E, Fukuda S, Hara H, Maeda Y, Ohira H, Shirakawa T

ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE Vol. 12 ( 2 ) page： 60 - 66 2006

Brain activity during reward learning: Simultaneous recording of PET and ERN

Ohira Hideki, Ichikawa Naho, Isowa Tokiko, Nomura Michio, Kimura Kenta, Miyakoshi Makoto, Kanayama Noriaki, Fukuyama Seisuke, Shinoda Jun, Yamada Jitsuhiro

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 43 page： S73 - S73 2006

Brain activity during reward learning: Simultaneous recording of PET and ERN Reviewed

Hideki Ohira, Naho Ichikawa, Tokiko Isowa, Michio Nomura, Kenta Kimura, Makoto Miyakoshi, Noriaki Kanayama, Seisuke Fukuyama, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 43 page： S73 - S73 2006

Temporal variation of acute stress responses in sympathetic nervous and immune systems.

Kimura K, Isowa T, Ohira H, Murashima S

Biological psychology Vol. 70 ( 2 ) page： 131 - 9 2005.10

Temporal variation of acute stress responses in sympathetic nervous and immune systems

Kimura K., Isowa T., Ohira H., Murashima S.

Biological Psychology Vol. 70 ( 2 ) page： 131 - 139 2005.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Biological Psychology

Sympathetic nervous activity plays a prominent role in acute stress responses in the immune system, enhancement of innate immunity and suppression of specific immunity. The present study was conducted to examine the temporal characteristics of such immune responses to acute stress and to determine their association with sympathetic activity in detail. For this purpose, 15 female undergraduates engaged in a continuous mental arithmetic task for 14 min, and we collected their blood samples for immune indices (CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, NK cells) each 3 min during the task and saliva samples before and after the task. Our results showed that the proportion of Natural Killer cells (NK cells) increased even 2 min after initiation of the task, whereas proportions of CD3+ and CD4+ lymphocytes decreased 8 min after initiation of the task. Moreover, we found significant correlations between cardiovascular activity and the variations of immune indices. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.12.006

Temporal variation of acute stress responses in sympathetic nervous and immune systems

Kimura K, Isowa T, Ohira H, Murashima S

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 70 ( 2 ) page： 131 - 139 2005.10

Temporal variation of acute stress responses in sympathetic nervous and immune systems Reviewed

K Kimura, T Isowa, H Ohira, S Murashima

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 70 ( 2 ) page： 131 - 139 2005.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

DOI： 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.12.006

Neural evidence of effects of emotional valence on word recognition. Reviewed International journal

Midori Inaba, Michio Nomura, Hideki Ohira

International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology Vol. 57 ( 3 ) page： 165 - 73 2005.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

There are no clear reports of electrophysiological evidence of the facilitating effect of negative valence on word recognition. However, behavioral psychological studies have suggested that negative words can be recognized more accurately than positive and neutral words. This study aimed to examine whether, and if so how, the valence of words could influence accuracy and event-related potentials (ERPs) in a recognition task. ERPs were recorded from 20 healthy subjects during performance of a word recognition task. We found a behavioral advantage in discriminability between old and new items for negative words. As for ERPs, the positive-going shift was evident for correct responses to targets in late latency at midline and left centro-parietal sites. Additionally, the magnitude of this component was greatest for negative targets, next for positive targets, and least for neutral targets. The findings offer support for the idea that negative content greatly accelerates recognition memory compared to positive and neutral words.

Neural evidence of effects of emotional valence on word recognition

M Inaba, M Nomura, H Ohira

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 57 ( 3 ) page： 165 - 173 2005.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.01.002

Effects of value and reward magnitude on feedback negativity and P300 Reviewed

A Sato, A Yasuda, H Ohira, K Miyawaki, M Nishikawa, H Kumano, TL Kuboki

NEUROREPORT Vol. 16 ( 4 ) page： 407 - 411 2005.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

Feedback negativity is a negative component of the event-related brain potential observed 250-300 ms after feedback stimuli. The present study investigated the effects of value (correct or incorrect) and reward magnitude (no, small or large) on feedback negativity and P300. Feedback negativity was larger after incorrect feedback than after correct feedback, irrespective of reward magnitude. In contrast, P300 amplitude increased with reward magnitude, irrespective of value. The amplitude of feedback negativity was correlated with a trait score of negative affect and not positive affect, whereas P300 amplitude was correlated with positive affect and not negative affect. These results suggest that value and reward magnitude are processed separately in the brain. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams F Wilkins.

Temporal variation of acute stress responses in sympathetic nervous and immune systems. Reviewed

Kimura, K., Isowa, T., Ohira, H.

Biological psychology Vol. 70 page： 131-139 2005

Effects of value and reward magnitude on feedback negativity and P300. Reviewed

Sato, A., Yasuda, A., Ohira, H., Miyawaki, K., Nishikawa, M., Kumano, H., Kuboki, T.

Neuroreport Vol. 16 page： 407-411 2005

Dissociation of conscious and unconscious repetition priming effects on event-related potentials. Reviewed

Matsumoto, A., Iidaka, T., Nomura, M., Ohira H.

Neuropsychologia Vol. 43 page： 1168-1176 2005

Neural evidence of effects of emotional valence on word recognition. Reviewed

Inaba, M., Nomura, M., Ohira, H.

International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol. 57 page： 165-173 2005

Immune, endocrine and cardiovascular responses to controllable and uncontrollable acute stress. Reviewed

Isowa T, Ohira H, Murashima M.

Biological Psychology Vol. 71 page： 202-213 2005

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Innate immune cells such as natural killer increase and acquired immune cells such as T cells decrease accompanying acute stress (redistribution of lymphocytes). This study examined effects of controllability of an acute stressor on the redistribution of lymphocytes. It was clarified that redistribution is suppressed in an uncontrollable situation. We further clarified mediating mechanisms of the phenomena and discussed significance of the phenomena in adaptation.

外的手がかりが閾下提示された顔表情の判断に及ぼす影響 Reviewed

野村理朗・宮腰誠・金山範明・大平英樹

人間環境学研究 Vol. 3 page： 1-5 2005

社会的認知とストレス Invited

大平英樹

ストレス科学 Vol. 19 page： 38-48 2005

社会的認知とストレス Invited

大平英樹

ストレス科学 Vol. 19 page： 38-48 2005

社会的認知とストレス

大平英樹

ストレス科学 19 page： 38 - 48 2005

社会的認知とストレス

大平英樹

ストレス科学 19 page： 38 - 48 2005

The effect of external information on the evaluation of subliminally presented facial expressions

Nomura Michio, Miyakoshi Makoto, Kanayama Noriaki, Ohira Hideki

Journal of Human Environmental Studies Vol. 3 ( 1 ) page： 1 - 5 2005

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Society for Human Environmental Studies

In this experiment, it was examined whether it is possible to detect what was presented subliminally when feedback (correct or incorrect) was given. Sixteen healthy right-handed undergraduate and graduate students were participated as subjects. Three (facial emotions: angry, happy, neutral) x three (feedback: available, no, random) factors were located within a subject. After a mask stimulus (neutral face) was presented, subjects were required to answer what was presented as a prime face by pressing one of three buttons. After subject's response, feedback was given as "correct" or "wrong" in feedback-available condition and "00000" in no feedback condition. In random feedback condition, the probability of presenting "correct" and "incorrect" was fixed as 3:7. ANOVA was performed on result of RT, hit rate, and d'. As for RT, the main effect of feedback was significant. As for hit rate, the interaction between facial expressions and feedback conditions was significant. Multiple comparison corrected by LSD on angry face revealed marginal significance between feedback-available and no-feedback, and significant difference between random-feedback and no-feedback. On neutral face, significant difference was found between feedback-available and no-feedback, and feedback-available and random feedback. In angry face condition, hit rate was lower than other conditions, and in neutral face condition, feedback-available condition showed lower hit rate than other conditions. About d', significant difference was not found among conditions. From above, it could be said that in no-feedback condition primed stimuli tend to be judged as neutral, but as long as feedback was given, subject's judgments shifted to answer that the prime was angry face.

DOI： 10.4189/shes.3.1_1

外的手がかりが閾下提示された顔表情の判断に及ぼす影響 Reviewed

野村理朗, 宮腰誠, 金山範明, 大平英樹

人間環境学研究 Vol. 3 page： 1-5 2005

Immune, endocrine and cardiovascular responses to controllable and uncontrollable acute stress. Reviewed

Isowa T, Ohira H, Murashima M

Biological Psychology Vol. 71 page： 202-213 2005

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Dissociation of conscious and unconscious repetition priming effect on event-related potentials.

Matsumoto A, Iidaka T, Nomura M, Ohira H

Neuropsychologia Vol. 43 ( 8 ) page： 1168 - 76 2005

Dissociation of conscious and unconscious repetition priming effect on event-related potentials Reviewed

A Matsumoto, T Iidaka, M Nomura, H Ohira

NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA Vol. 43 ( 8 ) page： 1168 - 1176 2005

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Although the neural basis of the unconscious priming effect has previously been investigated, the results of these studies have possibly been contaminated by a conscious priming effect. The aim of the present study was to dissociate the effects of conscious and unconscious priming on event-related potential (ERP) by using the process-dissociation procedure. A prime word was presented briefly, followed by a word-stem, in each trial. Under the inclusion condition, subjects were instructed to complete the word-stem using the prime word, while under the exclusion condition subjects were asked to complete the word-stem with a word not seen as prime. The behavioral priming effect was obtained under both conditions, indicating that the prime words were processed unconsciously and influenced the word-stem completion task. We found that two ERP components were affected by repetition priming. First, the N400 amplitude was decreased by word repetition under the inclusion condition, but not under the exclusion condition. This result suggests that N400 would reflect conscious lexical processing, but not unconscious lexical activation. Second, the negativity at left front lateral region was enhanced by word repetition under the exclusion condition. We discuss this finding herein in relation to the activity of the left inferior prefrontal cortex with regard to word semantic processing. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.11.020

Dissociation of conscious and unconscious repetition priming effect on event-related potentials

Matsumoto A., Iidaka T., Nomura M., Ohira H.

Neuropsychologia Vol. 43 ( 8 ) page： 1168 - 1176 2005

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Neuropsychologia

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.11.020

Exploration of the action monitoring system by error-related brain negativity (ERN) and error-related eyeblink (ERE).

Dissociation of conscious and unconscious repetition priming effect on event-related potentials

Matsumoto A, Iidaka T, Nomura M, Ohira H

NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA Vol. 43 ( 8 ) page： 1168 - 1176 2005

Ichikawa, N; Ohira, H

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 39 ( 5-6 ) page： 49 - 49 2004.10

Effects of trait anxiety on memory-based categorization: An event-related potential study

M Inaba, H Ohira

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 39 ( 5-6 ) page： 144 - 144 2004.10

Effects of emotional valence and self-relevance on working memory in mild depression

M Shimura, H Ohira, M Nomura

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 39 ( 5-6 ) page： 134 - 134 2004.10

Brain mechanism for modulation of peripheral immune activity in uncontrollable stress

H Ohira, T Isowa, M Nomura, N Ichikawa

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 39 ( 5-6 ) page： 425 - 425 2004.10

犯罪不安経験の質的分析と主観的身体反応(<特別セッション4>犯罪現象の行動計量学)(第31回日本行動計量学会大会発表一覧)

小野寺理江, 桐生正幸, 大平英樹

行動計量学 Vol. 31 ( 2 ) page： 141 2004.9

Social support and salivary secretory immunoglobulin A response in women to stress of making a public speech.

Ohira H

Perceptual and motor skills Vol. 98 ( 3 Pt 2 ) page： 1241 - 50 2004.6

Social support and salivary secretory immunoglobulin a response in women to stress of making a public speech Reviewed

Hideki Ohira

Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 98 ( 3 ) page： 1241 - 1250 2004.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Acute experimental Stressors transiently increase volume of secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) in saliva. The present study examined buffering effects of social support on response of s-IgA to a brief psychological stress (giving a public speech), 24 women were divided at random into three groups, an emotional support group, an informational support group and a no-support group (control). For each group, s-IgA measures were obtained from each person under baseline conditions, during preparation of a speech when social support or no support was given, immediately after the speech and during a 'recovery' period. Level of s-IgA in the control group significantly elevated during preparation for the speech and just after the speech compared to baseline, suggesting that the speech task stimulated secretory immune function. On the other hand, the subjects in the emotional support group showed increased s-IgA during the preparation period but secretion of s-IgA rapidly returned to the baseline after the speech task. Secretion of s-IgA in the informational social support group was unchanged at any measurement point. These results suggest that social support attenuates the affect of a Stressor on somatic state.

Social support and salivary secretory immunoglobulin a response in women to stress of making a public speech

Social support and salivary secretory immunoglobulin A response in women to stress of making a public speech

Ohira H

PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS Vol. 98 ( 3 ) page： 1241 - 1250 2004.6

Ohira H.

Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 98 ( 3 II ) page： 1241 - 1250 2004.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Perceptual and Motor Skills

DOI： 10.2466/pms.98.3.1241-1250

Effects of expression and inhibition of negative emotions on health, mood states, and salivary secretory immunoglobulin a in Japanese mildly depressed undergraduates

Takagi S., Ohira H.

Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 98 ( 3 II ) page： 1187 - 1198 2004.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Perceptual and Motor Skills

Previous studies have indicated that expression of negative emotions facilitates mental and physical health and inhibition of negative emotions increases susceptibility to illness. This study was conducted to examine whether those findings can be expanded to populations with non-Western cultural backgrounds. Specifically, we explored effects of expression and inhibition of negative emotions on health, mood states, and mucosal immune function in mildly depressed Japanese individuals. 16 depressed and 16 nondepressed female undergraduates were required either to write about their unpleasant experiences and superficial topics or to suppress any emotional responses and thoughts about them. Secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) in saliva and psychological indices were measured at an experimental session and at a follow-up 1 wk. later. Beneficial effects of expression of emotions on subjective health were indicated in the nondepressed group, whereas harmful effects of inhibition on subjective health were shown in the depressed group. Emotional expression by writing improved mood states both in the depressed and nondepressed groups but induced elevation of salivary s-IgA only in the depressed group.

DOI： 10.2466/pms.98.3c.1187-1198

Effects of expression and inhibition of negative emotions on health, mood states, and salivary secretory immunoglobulin A in Japanese mildly depressed undergraduates Reviewed

S Takagi, H Ohira

PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS Vol. 98 ( 3 ) page： 1187 - 1198 2004.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS

Eyeblink activity as an index of cognitive processing: temporal distribution of eyeblinks as an indicator of expectancy in semantic priming.

Effects of expression and inhibition of negative emotions on health, mood states, and salivary secretory immunoglobulin A in Japanese mildly depressed undergraduates

Takagi S, Ohira H

PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS Vol. 98 ( 3 ) page： 1187 - 1198 2004.6

Ichikawa N, Ohira H

Perceptual and motor skills Vol. 98 ( 1 ) page： 131 - 40 2004.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Perceptual and Motor Skills

Eyeblink activity was examined as a psychophysiological index of cognitive processing during a typical semantic priming task. To examine the expectancy-induced effects, the proportion of semantically related pairs was controlled. 8 undergraduates engaged in a lexical decision task for target words. Each condition differed in target type (Semantically Related with prime vs Unrelated vs Nonword) and proportion of Semantically Related pairs (High vs Low). As a result, the temporal distribution of blinks was clearly influenced by the semantic priming effect. The peak of blink bursts, which is correlated with the end of cognitive processing, occurred the fastest in the semantically Related and High proportion condition. While blink latency showed larger individual differences, the temporal distribution of blinks was suggested as a more efficient index of cognitive processing.

DOI： 10.2466/pms.98.1.131-140

Eyeblink activity as an index of cognitive processing: Temporal distribution of eyeblinks as an indicator of expectancy in semantic priming

Ichikawa N, Ohira H

PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS Vol. 98 ( 1 ) page： 131 - 140 2004.2

Eyeblink activity as an index of cognitive processing: Temporal distribution of eyeblinks as an indicator of expectancy in semantic priming Reviewed

N Ichikawa, H Ohira

PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS Vol. 98 ( 1 ) page： 131 - 140 2004.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS

Reactivity of immune, endocrine and cardiovascular parameters to active and passive acute stress

T Isowa, H Ohira, S Murashima

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 65 ( 2 ) page： 101 - 120 2004.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

This study clarified associations among immune, autonomic, and endocrine activities during mental arithmetic and cold pressor stress tasks in 26 women in the follicular phase. Both tasks decreased CD3+ T cells,CD4+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells, whereas they increased lymphocytes, granulocytes, NK cells, and NK cell activity (NKCA). The mental arithmetic task had a greater impact than the cold pressor task on changes in CD3+ T cells and in NK cells. Cardiovascular reactivity to active stress was associated with increased NK cells and decreased CD3+ T cells. Reduced cortisol levels during passive stress were associated with decreased CD19+ B cells and with increased NK cells. The merits of this study are that it controlled the following factors. Perceived stress during the two tasks was matched; both tasks lasted long enough to elicit high-magnitude responses; and the length of the intervening rest period minimized probable carryover effects between tasks. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0301-0511(03)00115-7

Functional association of the amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex during cognitive evaluation of facial expressions primed by masked angry faces: an event-related fMRI study.

Nomura M, Ohira H, Haneda K, Iidaka T, Sadato N, Okada T, Yonekura Y

NeuroImage Vol. 21 ( 1 ) page： 352 - 63 2004.1

Functional association of the amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex during cognitive evaluation of facial expressions primed by masked angry faces: an event-related fMRI study

Nomura M, Ohira H, Haneda K, Iidaka T, Sadato N, Okada T, Yonekura Y

NEUROIMAGE Vol. 21 ( 1 ) page： 352 - 363 2004.1

Functional association of the amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex during cognitive evaluation of facial expressions primed by masked angry faces: an event-related fMRI study Reviewed

M Nomura, H Ohira, K Haneda, T Iidaka, N Sadato, T Okada, Y Yonekura

NEUROIMAGE Vol. 21 ( 1 ) page： 352 - 363 2004.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

The present study examined the functional association of the amygdala and right ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC) during cognitive evaluation of facial expressions. A situation was created where emotional valence of the stimuli was unconsciously manipulated by using subliminal affective priming. Twelve healthy volunteers were asked to evaluate the facial expressions of a target face (500-ms duration) such as "anger", "neutral", or "happy". All target faces expressed relatively weak anger. Just before the presentation of the target face, a prime of three conditions of 35-ms duration, angry face, neutral face, and white blank was presented. The subjects could not consciously identify the primes in this procedure. Activity in the right amygdala was greater with subliminal presentation of the angry prime compared with subliminal presentation of a neutral face or white-blank stimuli. Most importantly, the degree of activation of the right amygdala was negatively correlated with that of the right ventral PFC only with the anger prime. Furthermore, activation of the amygdala was positively correlated with rate of judgment when the subjects recognized anger in the target faces. These results are discussed in terms of the functional association between the right PFC and the amygdala and its influence on cognitive processing. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.021

Functional association of the amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex during cognitive evaluation of facial expressions primed by masked angry faces: An event-related fMRI study

Nomura M., Ohira H., Haneda K., Iidaka T., Sadato N., Okada T., Yonekura Y.

NeuroImage Vol. 21 ( 1 ) page： 352 - 363 2004.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：NeuroImage

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.021

The effect of selective attention to emotional stimuli on recognition memory in anxiety.

Effects of expression and inhibition of negative emotions on health, mood states, and salivary secretory immunoglobulin A in Japanese mildly depressed undergraduates. Reviewed

Takagi, S., Ohira, H.

Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 98 page： 1187-1198 2004

Functional association of the amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex during cognitive evaluation of facial expressions primed by masked angry faces: An event related fMRI study. Reviewed

Nomura, M., Ohira, H., Haneda, K., Iidaka, T., Sadato, N., Okada, T., Yonekura, Y.

Neuroimage Vol. 21 page： 352-363 2004

Authorship：Lead author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The amygdala in the brain can detect emotional stimuli and can evoke emotional responses to the stimuli. This study clarified, by using fMRI, that the human amugdala can detect emotional stimuli even without conscious awareness, its activation is under inhibitory control of the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and its activation can predict emotional responses for the stimuli.

Reactivity of immune, cardiovascular parameters to active and passive stress. Reviewed

Isowa, T., Ohira, H., & Murashima, S.

Biological Psychology Vol. 65 page： 101-120 2004

Eyeblink activity as an index of cognitive process: eyeblink reflects expectancy in semantic priming. Reviewed

Ichikawa, N., Ohira, H.

Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 98 page： 131-140 2004

Social support and salivary secretory immunoglobulin A response in women to stress of making a public speech. Reviewed

Ohira H.

Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 98 page： 1241-1250 2004

音楽聴取が日本の大学生の免疫，ホルモン，感情反応に与える影響 Reviewed

廣川恵理・大平英樹

音楽心理学音楽療法研究年報 Vol. 33 page： 21-29 2004

感情制御の神経基盤－腹側前頭前野による扁桃体活動のコントロール－ Invited

大平英樹

心理学評論 Vol. 47 page： 93-118 2004

特集「感情の神経科学」によせて Invited

大平英樹

心理学評論 Vol. 47 page： 93-118 2004

生物の学習・機械の学習・脳の学習-吉田・石井論文へのコメント- Invited

大平英樹

心理学評論 Vol. 47 page： 165-169 2004

Learning of animal, machine, and brain: Comments on Yoshida and Ishii’s article

OHIRA Hideki

JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW Vol. 47 ( 1 ) page： 165 - 169 2004

Which factors are related to the psychological effects on Shinrin-yoku (forest-air bathing and walking) ? - Two Pilot Studies

Morita Emi, Fukuda Sanae, Ohira Hideki, Nagano Jun, Yamamoto Hirokazu, Nakashima Tadashi, Iwai Yoshiya, Shirakawa Taro

The Japanese Forestry Society Congress Database Vol. 115 ( 0 ) page： B05 - B05 2004

Neural basis of emotion regulation: Control of prefrontal cortex over amygdalar activity

OHIRA Hideki

JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW Vol. 47 ( 1 ) page： 93 - 118 2004

音楽聴取が日本の大学生の免疫，ホルモン，感情反応に与える影響 Reviewed

廣川恵理, 大平英樹

音楽心理学音楽療法研究年報 Vol. 33 page： 21-29 2004

感情制御の神経基盤－腹側前頭前野による扁桃体活動のコントロール－ Invited

大平英樹

心理学評論 Vol. 47 page： 93-118 2004

特集「感情の神経科学」によせて Invited

大平英樹

心理学評論 Vol. 47 page： 93-118 2004

Introduction: Special issue on “Affective Neuroscience”

OHIRA Hideki

JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW Vol. 47 ( 1 ) page： 3 - 7 2004

生物の学習・機械の学習・脳の学習-吉田・石井論文へのコメント- Invited

大平英樹

心理学評論 Vol. 47 page： 165-169 2004

社会的認知とストレス

大平英樹

ストレス科学 19 page： 38 - 48 2004

The time variation of stress responses in controllable or uncontrollable conditions

Kimura K, Isowa T, Ohira H

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 39 ( 5-6 ) page： 457 - 457 2004

Reward or punishment? Effects of feedback type on error-related negativity (ERN)

Ichikawa N, Ariga N, Ohira H

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 41 page： S73 - S73 2004

Qualitative analysis of circumstantial factors on fear of crime

Onodera M, Ohira H, Kazumi W

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 39 ( 5-6 ) page： 370 - 370 2004

Reactivity of immune, cardiovascular parameters to active and passive stress. Reviewed

Isowa, T, Ohira, H, Murashima, S

Biological Psychology Vol. 65 page： 101-120 2004

Neural basis of modulation of autonomic and immune responses under uncontrollable stress: Simultaneous measurement of brain activity with PET and peripheral autonomic and immune activity

Ohira H, Isowa T, Nomura M, Ichikawa N, Kimura K, Miyakoshi M, Iidaka T, Fukuyama S, Toshihiko N, Yamada J

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 41 page： S93 - S94 2004

Inaba Midori, Ohira Hideki

The Japanese journal of psychology Vol. 74 ( 4 ) page： 320 - 6 2003.10

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japanese Psychological Association

It has been argued that the selective attention characteristic of trait anxiety does not significantly influence on memory. However, attention to stimuli is considered to accelerate memory performance of the stimuli in general, The present study examined whether the selective attention due to emotional valences could reflect on recognition memory in individuals with high anxiety. In the encoding phase, a set of pairs of emotional and neutral words was presented. The duration of presentation of stimuli was manipulated in two conditions (1300ms vs. 2000ms). There was no difference in responses for stimuli between with positive and with negative valences. In the short-presentation condition, compared to the control group, the high-anxious group demonstrated greater discrimination for emotional (positive and negative) stimuli relative than for neutral ones. Their false alarm rate, on the other hand, was consistently higher than the subjects in the low-anxious group. Results in the present study suggested that selective attention that the high-anxious subjects allocated to emotional stimuli could influence performance of recognition of those stimuli.

DOI： 10.4992/jjpsy.74.320

Interaction of prime and target in the subliminal affective priming effect

犯罪不安経験の質的分析と主観的身体反応

小野寺理江, 桐生正幸, 大平英樹

日本行動計量学会大会発表論文抄録集 Vol. 31 page： 86 - 89 2003.9

Haneda K, Nomura M, Iidaka T, Ohira H

PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS Vol. 96 ( 2 ) page： 695 - 702 2003.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Perceptual and Motor Skills

It has been found that an emotional stimulus such as a facial expression presented subliminally can affect subsequent information processing and behavior, usually by shifting evaluation of a subsequent stimulus to a valence congruent with the previous stimulus. This phenomenon is called subliminal affective priming. The present study was conducted to replicate and expand previous findings by investigating interaction of primes and targets in the affective priming effect. Two conditions were used, Prime (subliminal presentation 35 msec.) of an angry face of a woman and a No Prime control condition. Just after presentation of the prime, an ambiguous angry face or an emotionally neutral face was presented above the threshold of awareness (500 msec.). 12 female undergraduate women judged categories of facial expressions (Anger, Neutral, or Happiness) for the target faces. Analysis indicated that the Anger primes significantly facilitated judgment of anger for the ambiguous angry faces; however, the priming effect of the Anger primes was not observed for neutral faces. Consequently, the present finding suggested that a subliminal affective priming effect should be more prominent when affective valence of primes and targets is congruent.

DOI： 10.2466/pms.2003.96.2.695

Interaction of prime and target in the subliminal affective priming effect Reviewed

K Haneda, M Nomura, T Iidaka, H Ohira

PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS Vol. 96 ( 2 ) page： 695 - 702 2003.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS

Learned helplessness, generalized self-efficacy, and immune function

Kuno Mayumi, Yazawa Hisashi, Ohira Hideki

The Japanese journal of psychology Vol. 73 ( 6 ) page： 472 - 9 2003.2

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japanese Psychological Association

Generalized self efficacy is considered one of important personality traits that determine psychological and physiological stress responses. The present study examined the interaction effects of generalized self efficacy and controllability of acute stress on salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA), task performance, and psychological stress responses in a typical learned helplessness paradigm. Twenty low and 19 high self efficacy undergraduate women performed two response selection tasks one after another. In the first task, they were exposed to controllable or uncontrollable aversive noise. The second task was identical for all, but perceived controllability was higher for the high self efficacy group than the low. Performance under uncontrollable condition was lower than controllable condition. The interaction of self efficacy and controllability was observed only on the s-IgA variable; increase of secretion of s-IgA secretion under stressor uncontrollability was more prominent in the low self efficacy group than the high. These results suggested that generalized self efficacy was a moderator of the stressor controllability effect on secretory immunity.

DOI： 10.4992/jjpsy.73.472

The Effects of Music Listening after a Stressful Task on Immune Functions, Neuroendocrine Responses, and Emotional States in College Students

Hirokawa E., Ohira H.

Journal of Music Therapy Vol. 40 ( 3 ) page： 189 - 211 2003.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Music Therapy

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of listening to high-uplifting or low-uplifting music after a stressful task on (a) immune functions, (b) neuroendocrine responses, and (c) emotional states in college students. Musical selections that were evaluated as high-uplifting or low-uplifting by Japanese college students were used as musical stimuli. Eighteen Japanese subjects performed stressful tasks before they experienced each of these experimental conditions: (a) high-uplifting music, (b) low-uplifting music, and (c) silence. Subjects' emotional states, the Secretory IgA (S-IgA) level, active natural killer (NK) cell level, the numbers of T lymphocyte CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine levels were measured before and after each experimental condition. Results indicated low-uplifting music had a trend of increasing a sense of well-being. High-uplifting music showed trends of increasing the norepinephrine level, liveliness, and decreasing depression. Active NK cells were decreased after 20 min of silence. Results of the study were inconclusive, but high-uplifting and low-uplifting music had different effects on immune, neuroendocrine, and psychological responses. Classification of music is important to research that examines the effects of music on these responses. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

DOI： 10.1093/jmt/40.3.189

The effects of music listening after a stressful task on immune functions, neuroendocrine responses, and emotional states in college students. Reviewed

Hirokawa, E., & Ohira, H.

Journal of Music Therapy Vol. 40 page： 189-211 2003

Interaction of prime and target in the subliminal affective priming effect. Reviewed

Haneda, K., Nomura, M., Iidaka, T., Ohira, H.

Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 96 page： 695-702 2003

情動的刺激に対する選択的注意が高不安者の再認記憶に及ぼす影響 Reviewed

稲葉緑・大平英樹

心理学研究 Vol. 74 page： 320-326 2003

学習性無力感事態における特性的自己効力感と免疫機能の変動 Reviewed

久野真由美・矢澤久史・大平英樹

心理学研究 Vol. 73 page： 472-479 2003

情動的刺激に対する選択的注意が高不安者の再認記憶に及ぼす影響 Reviewed

稲葉緑, 大平英樹

心理学研究 Vol. 74 page： 320-326 2003

学習性無力感事態における特性的自己効力感と免疫機能の変動 Reviewed

久野真由美, 矢澤久史, 大平英樹

心理学研究 Vol. 73 page： 472-479 2003

The Effects of Music Listening after a Stressful Task on Immune Functions, Neuroendocrine Responses, and Emotional States in College Students Reviewed

Eri Hirokawa, Hideki Ohira

Journal of Music Therapy Vol. 40 ( 3 ) page： 189 - 211 2003

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：American Music Therapy Association, Inc.

DOI： 10.1093/jmt/40.3.189

Effect of negative air ions on computer operation, anxiety and salivary chromogranin A-like immunoreactivity

Nakane H., Asami O., Yamada Y., Ohira H.

International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol. 46 ( 1 ) page： 85 - 89 2002.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：International Journal of Psychophysiology

The effects of negative air ions on computer operation were examined using a biochemical index of the activity of the sympathetic/adrenomedullary system (i.e. salivary chromogranin A-like immunoreactivity (CgA-like IR)) and a self-report questionnaire (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Anxiety State - STAI-S). Twelve female students carried out a word processing task for 40 min. The salivary CgA-like IR increased more than three times on the task, but the salivary cortisol did not change. The increase in the CgA-like IR level was attenuated by the exposure to negative air ions during the task. The exposure to the ions during the recovery period following the task was effective for rapidly decreasing the CgA-like IR level that had increased after the task. These effects by negative air ions were also observed using STAI-S. Task performance was slightly but significantly improved by the presence of negative air ions. These results suggest that negative air ions are effective for the reduction of and the prompt recovery from stress caused by computer operation. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0167-8760(02)00067-3

Effect of negative air ions on computer operation, anxiety and salivary chromogranin A-like immunoreactivity Reviewed

H Nakane, O Asami, Y Yamada, H Ohira

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 46 ( 1 ) page： 85 - 89 2002.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

The effects of negative air ions on computer operation were examined using a biochemical index of the activity of the sympathetic/adrenoniedullary system (i.e. salivary chromogranin A-like immumoreactivity (CgA-like IR)) and a self-report questionnaire (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Anxiety State-STAI-S). Twelve female students carried out a word processing task for 40 min. The salivary CgA-like IR increased more than three times on the task, but the salivary cortisol did not change. The increase in the CgA-like IR level was attenuated by the exposure to negative air ions during the task. The exposure to the ions during the recovery period following the task was effective for rapidly decreasing the CgA-like IR level that had increased after the task. These effects by negative air ions were also observed using STAI-S. Task performance was slightly but significantly improved by the presence of negative air ions. These results suggest that negative air ions are effective for the reduction of and the prompt recovery from stress caused by computer operation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Personal identification from human remains by mitochondrial DNA sequencing

Koyama H., Iwasa M., Ohtani S., Ohira H., Tsuchimochi T., Maeno Y., Isobe I., Matsumoto T., Yamada Y., Nagao M.

American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology Vol. 23 ( 3 ) page： 272 - 276 2002.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology

The authors report four cases in which severely damaged human remains were identified by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing. Degraded DNA was extracted from highly adipoceratous tissues using the phenol-chloroform method and polymerase chain reaction amplified for sequencing of two hypervariable regions, hypervariable region 1 and hypervariable region 2, of mitochondrial DNA. They also sequenced these regions of blood samples that were obtained from the presumptive mother or sister of the human remains. The sequencing results were compared with each other and with the Anderson's sequence. It was concluded from the sequence data that a lower part of a body in case 1 and some organs in case 2 were from the same woman, and a human head in case 3 and a female body in case 4 were from the relative of a presumptive mother and a sister, respectively.

DOI： 10.1097/00000433-200209000-00014

Effect of negative air ions on computer operation, anxiety and salivary chromogranin A-like immunoreactivity. Reviewed

Nakane, H., Asami, O., Yamada, Y., & Ohira, H.

International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol. 46 page： 85-89 2002

閾下感情プライミングにおける脳の神経的応答　感情心理学研究 Reviewed

野村理朗・大平英樹・羽田薫子

感情心理学研究 Vol. 9 page： 87-97 2002

曖昧表情の認知過程における事象関連電位（ERP）の応答 Reviewed

野村理朗・大平英樹・松本敦・筧一彦

感情心理学研究 Vol. 9 page： 77-86 2002

Neural basis for the subliminal affective priming Reviewed

Nomura Michio, Ohira Hideki, Haneda Kaoruko

JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS Vol. 9 ( 2 ) page： 87 - 97 2002

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

The affective primacy hypothesis asserts that positive and negative affective reactions can be evoked with minimal stimulus input. This phenomenon has been tested using subliminal affective priming technique, however, these techniques are not robust enough and have not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to clarify existence of the affective primacy and the underlying mechanism by a neuroimaging method using event related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Fourteen participants were scanned during a task in which they evaluated presented facial expressions of "anger, " "neutral, " or "happiness." Target stimuli were faces expressing weak and ambiguous anger expressions, which were presented just after a presentation of either (1) faces with strong anger expressions as affective stimuli, neutral faces, or a non-face object; or (2) flash as a control stimuli of 35ms duration. Processing of facial expressions in each condition commonly increased regional blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activity in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and left anterior cingulate gyrus. We identified the anterior part of anterior cingulate gyrus showed significant activation in the anger prime condition compared with the other three prime conditions. This suggests that the affective priming effect engendered especially in the anterior cingulate cortex. This suggests that a part of the neurophysiological substrates that underlies the subliminal affective priming has been identified.

DOI： 10.4092/jsre.9.87

ERP responses to the Recognition of ambiguous facial expressions

閾下感情プライミングにおける脳の神経的応答感情心理学研究 Reviewed

野村理朗, 大平英樹, 羽田薫子

感情心理学研究 Vol. 9 page： 87-97 2002

曖昧表情の認知過程における事象関連電位（ERP）の応答 Reviewed

野村理朗, 大平英樹, 松本敦, 筧一彦

感情心理学研究 Vol. 9 page： 77-86 2002

Nomura Michio, Ohira Hideki, Matsumoto Atsushi, Kakehi Kazuhiko

JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS Vol. 9 ( 2 ) page： 77 - 86 2002

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

An event-related brain potential (ERP) study investigated how different processing stages involved in categorization of facial expression are reflected by ERP modulations, and how ambiguity of facial expressions influence such effects. ERPs were recorded in response to facial expressions in which ambiguity was controlled by morphing techniques. Fifteen participants labeled positive or negative emotion expressed by face. The labeling task was a forced choice two categories. Each trial lasted 6.5s (0.5s of presentation, followed by a 6s interval of scrambled faces). The ambiguous expression gave rise to N480 ms component with frontocentral and bilateral temporal electrodes; the onset of N480 component was much later in temporal than frontcentral. These findings suggest that activity in both frontocentral and temporal region vary with ambiguity of facial expressions in the categorization process.

DOI： 10.4092/jsre.9.77

Subliminal priming of valenced face unconsciously modulates subsequent detection of facial expression: fMRI evidence of affective priming

Ohira H, Nomura M, Haneda K, Iidaka T, Sadato N, Okada T, Yonekura Y

NEUROIMAGE Vol. 13 ( 6 ) page： S455 - S455 2001.6

Controllability of aversive stimuli unconsciously determines volume of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva. Reviewed

Ohira H.

Japanese Journal of Behavioral Medicine Vol. 6 page： 30-37 2001

エラー，コンフリクト，前部帯状皮質 Reviewed

佐藤徳・大平英樹

心理学評論 Vol. 44 page： 378-421 2001

生理学の立場から(犯罪・非行とパーソナリティ研究)(シンポジウム2)

大平英樹

日本性格心理学会発表論文集 Vol. 10 ( 0 ) page： 9 2001

Error, conflict and the anterior cingulate cortex: Dissociating executive functions of the prefrontal cortex

SATO Atsushi, OHIRA Hideki

JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW Vol. 44 ( 4 ) page： 398 - 421 2001

エラー，コンフリクト，前部帯状皮質 Reviewed

佐藤徳, 大平英樹

心理学評論 Vol. 44 page： 378-421 2001

Controllability of aversive stimuli unconsciously determines volume of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva. Reviewed

Ohira H

Japanese Journal of Behavioral Medicine Vol. 6 page： 30-37 2001

表情認識の自動性を実現する神経機構-池上論文に対するコメント- Invited

大平英樹

心理学評論 Vol. 43 page： 332-334 2000

職業性ストレス-生理心理学による脳内プロセスの解明- Invited

大平英樹

産業精神保健 Vol. 8 page： 243-248 2000

表情認識の自動性を実現する神経機構-池上論文に対するコメント- Invited

大平英樹

心理学評論 Vol. 43 page： 332-334 2000

職業性ストレス-生理心理学による脳内プロセスの解明- Invited

大平英樹

産業精神保健 Vol. 8 page： 243-248 2000

Event-related fMRIによる閾下感情プライミングの検討

大平英樹, 野村理朗, 羽田薫子, 飯高哲也, 定藤則弘, 岡田知久, 米倉義晴

福井医科大学高エネルギー医学研究センター年報 page： 165 - 168 2000

The type A behavior pattern and immune reactivity to brief stress: Change of volume of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva Reviewed

H Ohira, Y Watanabe, K Kobayashi, M Kawai

PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS Vol. 89 ( 2 ) page： 423 - 430 1999.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS

This article presents findings of a laboratory experiment on the association of the Type A behavior pattern with reactivity of secretory immune functioning to brief stress. 38 female undergraduate students classified as Type A (n=19) or as Type B (n=19) on the basis of their scores on the Kwansei Gakuin Type ii scale performed a continuous arithmetic task in a situation in which they were exposed to aversive loud noise. Secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) in saliva and autonomic measures (heart rate and frequency of eyeblink) were evaluated before and after the manipulation of stress. The volume of s-IgA at baseline was significantly higher for the Type A group than for the Type B group, suggesting that the former relative to the latter might be chronically higher in mucosal immune functioning. Also, the volume of s-IgA significantly increased after exposure to a brief stress for the Type B group bur did not change for the Type A group, a finding which might indicate that the Type A group may have less immune reactivity to a brief stress.

The Type A Behavior Pattern and immune reactivity to brief stress: Change of volume of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva. Reviewed

Ohira, H., Watanabe, Y., Kobayashi, K., & Kawai. M.

Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 89 page： 423-430 1999

乳児のjoint attentionと表情理解 Reviewed

村上久美子・大平英樹

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告（ヒューマンコミュニケーション基礎) Vol. 99 page： 15-18 1999

乳児のjoint attentionと表情理解 Reviewed

村上久美子, 大平英樹

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告（ヒューマンコミュニケーション基礎) Vol. 99 page： 15-18 1999

Effects of stimulus valence on recognition memory and endogenous eyeblinks: Further evidence for positive-negative asymmetry Reviewed

H Ohira, WM Winton, M Oyama

PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 24 ( 9 ) page： 986 - 993 1998.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC

Japanese college students viewed a series of positive and negative stimulus words printed in katakana, a Japanese syllabary. Jacoby's process-dissociation procedure was wed to assess the roles of conscious and unconscious processes in stimulus recognition. There was a stronger conscious recollective component in recognition of negative items and a higher correct rejection rate for negative stimuli, replicating American findings reported by Robinson-Riegler and Winton, and Ortony, Turner and Antos. In addition, during the encoding phase, negative stimuli were associated with more eyeblinks and longer eyeblink latencies than positive stimuli; this pattern suggests greater cognitive activity in response to negative stimuli, consonant with Taylor's mobilization-minimization hypothesis. The eyeblink response, as measured in the present research, represents a new method for assessing the positive-negative asymmetries that are characteristic of the mobilization process.

New electrophysiologic features and catheter ablation of atrioventricular and atriofascicular accessory pathways: Evidence of decremental conduction and the anatomic structure of the Mahaim pathway

Effects of stimulus valence on recognition memory and endogenous eyeblink: Further evidence for positive-negative asymmetry. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Reviewed

Ohira, H., Winton, W. M., & Oyama, M.

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Vol. 24 page： 986-993 1998

イメージが運動動作に及ぼす影響―重心動揺を指標にした競技スキーにおけるフォームの検討―

増井香織・大平英樹

東海女子大学紀要 Vol. 18 page： 97-110 1998

攻撃の衝動性と自動性 Invited

大平英樹

犯罪心理学研究 Vol. 36 page： 142-145 1998

再認における過程分離手続きの処理メカニズム―反応潜時および瞬目による検討と３過程モデル― Reviewed

大平英樹

心理学研究 Vol. 69 page： 449-458 1998

介護状況と介護者のストレスに関する研究 Reviewed

後藤真澄・大平英樹・畑佐紘子

保健の科学 Vol. 40 page： 433-438 1998

攻撃の衝動性と自動性 Invited

大平英樹

犯罪心理学研究 Vol. 36 page： 142-145 1998

再認における過程分離手続きの処理メカニズム―反応潜時および瞬目による検討と３過程モデル― Reviewed

大平英樹

心理学研究 Vol. 69 page： 449-458 1998

イメージが運動動作に及ぼす影響―重心動揺を指標にした競技スキーにおけるフォームの検討―

増井香織, 大平英樹

東海女子大学紀要 Vol. 18 page： 97-110 1998

介護状況と介護者のストレスに関する研究 Reviewed

後藤真澄, 大平英樹, 畑佐紘子

保健の科学 Vol. 40 page： 433-438 1998

Okishige K., Goseki Y., Itoh A., Tsuboi N., Sasano T., Azegami K., Ohira H., Yamashita K., Satake S., Hiejima K.

Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology Vol. 9 ( 1 ) page： 22 - 33 1998

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology

Introduction: Several modalities of catheter ablation have been proposed to eliminate Mahaim pathway conduction. However, limited research has been reported on the electrophysiologic nature of this pathway in its entity. Methods and Results: In seven patients, electrophysiologic study was performed, and radiofrequency energy was applied to investigate the electrophysiologic clues for successful ablation. In all seven patients, the Mahaim pathway was diagnosed as a right-sided atriofascicular or atrioventricular pathway with decremental properties. In two patients, two different kinds of electrograms were recorded through the ablation catheter positioned at the Mahaim pathway location: one was suggestive of conduction over the decremental portion, demonstrating a dulled potential; and the other of nondecremental conduction, demonstrating a spiked potential. All but one of the Mahaim pathways were eliminated successfully at the atrial origin where the spiked Mahaim potential was recorded. Radiofrequency energy application was performed at the slow potential site resulting in failure to eliminate the conduction over the Mahaim pathway. Conduction block at the site between the slow and fast potential recording sites was provoked by intravenous administration of adenosine, concomitant with a decrease in the amplitude of the Mahaim potential. In one patient, the clinical arrhythmia was a sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia originating from the ventricular end of the Mahaim fiber. Conclusion: The identification of Mahaim spiked potentials may be the optimal method to permit their successful ablation. Detailed electrophysiologic assessment is indispensable for successful ablation of tachycardias associated with Mahaim fibers because tachycardias unassociated with Mahaim fibers can occur despite complete elimination of the Mahaim fiber.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00863.x

Effects of stimulus valence on two processes of recognition: Analysis of memory and eyeblink. Reviewed

Ohira, H.

Progress in Asian Social Psychology Vol. 1 page： 205-216 1997

Processing mechanism underlying the Process-Dissociation Procedure: Analysis of memory, response latency, and eyeblink.

Ohira, H.

Vol. 17 page： 143-158 1997

Processing mechanism underlying the Process-Dissociation Procedure: Analysis of memory, response latency, and eyeblink.

Ohira, H

Vol. 17 page： 143-158 1997

Effects of stimulus valence on two processes of recognition: Analysis of memory and eyeblink. Reviewed

Ohira, H

Progress in Asian Social Psychology Vol. 1 page： 205-216 1997

Eyeblink activity in a word-naming task as a function of semantic priming and cognitive load Reviewed

Hideki Ohira

Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 84 ( 3 ) page： 835 - 842 1996.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Eyeblink activity was examined based on a discrete-trial paradigm in which 17 subjects engaged in a semantic priming task. They were presented a series of pairs of words (prime and target) associatively related or associatively unrelated and were required to name them as quickly as possible. Cognitive load or difficulty of naming of the target word was also manipulated. The latency data for naming of the target word showed a typical priming effect, namely, facilitation of naming speed by the associatively related prime word. The eyeblink rate changed synchronically to onset of stimuli as a function of prime-target relationship and cognitive load during the task. Specifically, the eyeblink rate was suppressed during presentation of the target word and peaked just after that. This study showed that suppression of eyeblinks was longer on trials with high cognitive loads than on those with low cognitive loads and the peak of eyeblink rate was higher on trials for which the prime and target were unrelated than on those for which they were related. These results suggested that the eyeblink activity is influenced by inner cognitive processes of word recognition.

The effects of unconscious processing of hostility-related words and physiological arousal upon person perception.

Spontaneous eyeblink as a measure of cognitive processes. Reviewed

Ohira, H.

Psychophysiology in Ergonomics Vol. 1 page： 51-52 1996

Eyeblink activity in a word-naming task as a function of semantic priming and cognitive load. Reviewed

Ohira, H.

Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 82 page： 835-842 1996

Spontaneous eyeblink as a measure of cognitive processes. Reviewed

Ohira, H

Psychophysiology in Ergonomics Vol. 1 page： 51-52 1996

Analysis of eyeblink activity during self-referent information processing in mild depression. Reviewed

Ohira, H.

Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 81 page： 1219-1229 1995

Analysis of eyeblink activity during self-referent information processing in mild depression. Reviewed

Ohira, H

Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 81 page： 1219-1229 1995

Ohira Hideki

The Japanese journal of psychology Vol. 65 ( 2 ) page： 138 - 143 1994

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japanese Psychological Association

The purpose of the present study was to examine the erects of the physiological arousal and the priorsubconscious processing of hostility-related words upon the cognitive complexity in person perception. First, sixteen male and 16 female college students performed a cognitive task in which they processed hostility-related words or neutral words unconsciously in a high arousal or a normal arousal state. In the second ostensibly unrelated task, the subjects were presented with an ambiguous description of target person's mild hostile behavior and they were asked to rate the impression of the target person on several SD-trait scales. It was found that the higher the subjects' arousal level was, the simpler the cognitive complexity became. Also, when the subjects processed neutral words in the high arousal state, individual differences of the impression were the largest. The effects of hostility-related words to decrease the individual differences in the high arousal state, however, were not found. These results indicate that physiological arousal may have an important role in the mechanisms of social cognition.

DOI： 10.4992/jjpsy.65.138

Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00080618836?from=CiNii

FACIAL FEEDBACK EFFECTS ON IMPRESSION-FORMATION Reviewed

H OHIRA, K KURONO

PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS Vol. 77 ( 3 ) page： 1251 - 1258 1993.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS

Two experiments were conducted to examine effects of facial expressions upon social cognitive processes in which the impression of another person is formed. In each experiment, 30 female college students were induced to display or conceal their facial reactions to a hypothetical target person whose behaviors were mildly hostile (Exp. 1) or mildly friendly (Exp. 2), or their facial expressions were not manipulated. Displaying the facial expressions shifted the impression into the congruent directions with hedonic values corresponding to the facial expressions. Concealing the facial expressions, however, did not influence impression formation. Also, the positive-negative asymmetry was observed in the facial feedback effects, that is, the negative facial expression had a stronger effect on social cognition than the positive one.

A mediating role of physiological arousal in social facilitation.

Facial feedback effects on impression formation. Reviewed

Ohira, H., Kurono, K.

Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol. 77 page： 1251-1258 1993

Facial feedback effects on affect-related memory and interpersonal perception. Reviewed

Ohira, H.

International Journal of Psychology Vol. 27 page： 191 1992

Ohira Hideki, Tajimi Tetsuo

The Japanese journal of psychology Vol. 62 ( 6 ) page： 369 - 372 1992

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japanese Psychological Association

An experiment was conducted to examine the mediating role of physiological arousal in social facilitation. It was hypothesized that the elevation of arousal level by the presence of other persons or evaluative apprehension would facilitate task performance. Twenty-four male and 24 female college students performed simple task alone, with a cooperative person, or with a competitive person. One half of the subjects was given an instruction which would produce evaluative apprehension. Subjects' skin potential responses were measured as the indices of physiological arousal. Although the hypothesis was supported by the analysis of psycho-physiological index, but it was not at all by the self-reported index of arousal.

DOI： 10.4992/jjpsy.62.369